Appreciation of calligraphy inscriptions
Calligraphy inscription 1
Calligraphy inscription 2
Calligraphy signature 3
Calligraphy signature 4
Calligraphy signature 5
Layout and inscription of calligraphy;
The layout of calligraphy
Because of different writing contents, different words, and different writing lengths, the paper (or other) is large and small, vertical and horizontal, so the layout of calligraphy works is varied and endless. Here we choose several common layout forms, which are introduced as follows:
Nave is also called full paper straight. It is a kind of calligraphy work with a large space. Write vertically with the whole rice paper (uncut). The dimensions of the nave generally include:
Six feet of paper nave (six feet long and three feet wide
Five feet of paper (five feet long and two and a half feet wide)
Paper four feet long and two feet wide.
There is another one? Small main hall? It is three feet long and one and a half feet wide. No matter how small it is, it is also a four-foot rice paper, with three folds horizontally, which is also the form of nave.
Banners are also called vertical width, vertical width, vertical axis and so on. It is also a calligraphy work written vertically, but narrower than nave's. Usually the whole rice paper is split vertically (cut in half vertically) or slightly wider than half. The general size is:
A six-foot banner (six feet long, about one and a half feet wide)
A five-foot banner (five feet long, one foot two inches five or so wide)
A four-foot banner (four feet long and one foot wide)
A three-foot banner (three feet long and one foot wide)
Like banners, the screen bar is vertical and narrow. It can be said that there are four or eight banners (or as many as ten, twelve, sixteen, etc.). ) combined into one, one hall is a whole, suitable for painting and calligraphy. When writing screen strips, we must pay attention to their overall artistic effect and demand harmony and unity. About the same size and banner.
Banners are also called crosses. Contrary to the banner, it is vertical and horizontal. Write horizontally with paper, and all kinds of books will do.
Banners can also be called plaques. Similar to the banner above, it is also written horizontally, that is, the number of words is small, usually three or four words, and it is hung in the study or hall.
Couplets are often called couplets. Pairs? . The upper and lower two are combined into a pair. On the left is the upper part, and on the right is the lower part. Emphasize the antithesis of couplets, and pay attention to the symmetrical beauty of their forms when writing. Couplets include: hall couplets (mounted in the hall, some arranged on both sides of a painting separately) and couplets (copied into tile shape with wooden boards, opposite to the pillars in front of the hall, also called? Hold the column, right? ), hard pair (wood copy, usually nanmu, painted with azurite after lettering), door pair (engraved on the gate, with two doors connected to each other), Spring Festival couplets (posted on the door frame during the Spring Festival, usually written on red paper, its width depends on the door frame).
Both the album and the bucket are sketches about a foot long. What are the album pages? Horizontal roll? 、? Vertical roll? , ranging in size. Each episode is 8 pages, 12 pages, 16 pages or even 10 pages, mounted and turned over by hand. Pages should be suitable for books and paintings. The bucket is a foot square of rice paper. Is this a book? Fang Shu? . A single-page bucket can be packed into one piece for? Mirror core? Put it in a photo frame and hang it up for appreciation.
Hand scrolls are also called long scrolls. The form is similar to the banner mentioned above, but the horizontal height (up and down) is shorter, while the photo album pages with horizontal length (left and right) can go down directly, and the length is uncertain, so it is called? Handroll? Because of its horizontal length, it can continue indefinitely, so it is also called? Long scroll? .
There are many styles of fans, such as? A round fan? Folding fan? Wait a minute. Here we only introduce the folding fan plate. According to traditional customs, a fan can draw and write at the same time. The layout varies according to the content and the number of words. Here are two examples to illustrate.
Layout of calligraphy works
A calligraphy work mostly includes three aspects: text, inscription and seal.
The text is the main content to be written and the main body of the work. Articles, poems, aphorisms, etc. All are healthy and uplifting, and auspicious and peaceful words can be used as the content of calligraphy works. China's calligraphy is a unique artistic treasure of the Chinese nation, and it is a pleasing and unique art with both practical function and ornamental value. Today, with the improvement of material living standards, appreciating and creating calligraphy works has increasingly become a way of life and is widely welcomed by people.
The title is the explanatory text outside the text. Including the theme of the text, the time and place of going out and writing, the author's name, font size, fasting number, the title and name of the given object, etc. Not every work has to write these contents. The content of the inscription depends on the specific needs of the work. Part of the inscription is written in front of the text, which is called the front paragraph; Some are written at the back of the text, which is called the next paragraph. The name and address of a given object should be written in front of the text to show respect.
The seal stamped in calligraphy works can be divided into name seal and idle seal according to its content. From the position of coverage, there are the first chapter and the foot chapter. The first chapter stamped on the work is called the first chapter, and the chapters stamped on the text and the next paragraph are called footprints. Seals mainly play an ornament role in calligraphy works, so it is not advisable to have too many seals in a work, usually one or three.
Text layout is one of the most important means of expression of calligraphy works, and it is also the knowledge and skills that must be mastered in creating calligraphy works. To create calligraphy works, one must practice calligraphy well, which is the basis of calligraphy works creation; Second, we must understand the composition and layout of calligraphy works, which is the key factor for the success of calligraphy works. It takes many years to practice good handwriting, but the knowledge of composition and layout can be learned now and immediately.
First, the significance and role of composition and layout
To understand the layout of the rules, we must know the connection and difference between calligraphy and writing. Writing is a simple copy of the content, emphasizing that a single word is written correctly, correctly and beautifully. It is not only the basic requirement of writing, but also the basis of writing a word or creating calligraphy works. Calligraphy, on the other hand, emphasizes the style, momentum and artistic conception embodied in content, font, brushwork, structure and layout, which makes people appreciate and think deeply, and then brings aesthetic feeling to the appreciator. Therefore, calligraphy works should enrich and strengthen the thoughts and feelings expressed in the content by means of artistic expression of composition and layout, giving people a visual aesthetic feeling.
Chapter layout is the overall arrangement of calligraphy works. Specifically, it includes how to determine the format, how to arrange the writing position, how to leave margins, how to sort, how to arrange words and characters,
The spatial position between lines, texts and paragraphs, how to coordinate the proportional relationship between words and blanks and the change of dish density, so as to obtain wonderful and coordinated artistic effects. Text layout is the main expression of calligraphy art, and only by paying attention to the layout of rules and regulations can we create successful calligraphy works. If there is no good layout, then no matter how good the content is and how well the words are written, it cannot be called a successful calligraphy work. Many people have a good writing foundation, even write well, but they can't create successful calligraphy works. The main reason is that they don't know the knowledge and skills of composition and typesetting.
Second, the essentials of composition and layout
Calligraphy works, regardless of style, lines, official script and seal script, especially running script and cursive script, should pay attention to the layout of rules and regulations. But the beauty of composition layout is changeable, not as easy to grasp as structure. The ancients could only learn the layout of composition from inscriptions and calligraphy works and understand the subtleties. Summing up the experience of predecessors, as far as general rules are concerned, the essentials of composition and layout are:
(1) intention comes first. That is, make a plan in your mind before you start writing. What is the content? Is it poetry or prose? What style do you write? Is it regular script or running script? Write horizontally or vertically? How to sign? How to use printing? What kind of style and artistic conception is formed? Be aware that.
(2) measure paper and set words. That is, make a plan on paper before you start writing. According to the content to be written, the size of the paper, the number of words, font shape, line arrangement, signature format and printing, make appropriate arrangements on the paper. Generally, the head, feet and left and right sides are set aside first (the sky is wide and narrow, and the left and right sides are even). If you write regular script, official script and seal script, you must first count the number of words (including signature) and fold the box. If you write running script or cursive script, fold the vertical line (or horizontal line). When writing horizontally, you can leave one or two spaces at the beginning, but you should not write completely at the end, and you should leave your feet empty. There is no need to leave a space at the beginning of vertical writing, leaving a foot for margin and seal. Beginners can tidy it up with manuscript paper first, and then adjust and modify it if there is anything wrong. Don't write until the layout is basically set. Don't rest assured that you will have problems before you get attention.
(3) The first word leads the article. Think carefully before writing the opening words. Make them bigger, heavier and fuller. Because the first word is very restrictive, after writing the first word, we should consider many changes of the whole word according to its style. Such as size, density, posture, mood, dryness. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Sun's Book Spectrum said:? A minute becomes a word, and a word is the final rule? . Ge Shouzhi's Cloud in Qing Dynasty:? Can writing a word first control the final situation? . This shows that the first character of calligraphy works plays an important role, which controls and restricts the whole text, basically determines the font, strokes and shape of the whole text, and plays a leading role. Therefore, the first word of each work must be mature before writing. When writing lines and cursive scripts, the first word is usually bigger, heavier and fuller.
(4) the circulation of qi. That is, the whole work should be coherent in momentum, unified in style, consistent in brushwork and consistent in brushwork. The size, thickness, length, width, density, back-to-back, receiving, pitching and looking around of each line of words should be properly matched, not piled up, not fragmented, natural and smooth, elegant and elegant.
(5) The last article ends. In other words, the final collection of the whole word should be perfect, especially the last line should be properly collected. On the one hand, we should try to avoid leaving only one word, which seems isolated and suspended; On the other hand, we should also avoid going straight to the end, and the congestion is too tight. The last line had better end in two thirds. According to the situation of the whole article, the last word of the whole article can be long, heavy, big, flat and heavy (generally, it should be written bigger and thicker like the first word) to keep the spirit and avoid uncertainty. However, in the actual writing process, we should also improvise, take advantage of the situation and avoid remedies. If there is penetration or dry pen in front, you should take care of it in the back to avoid top-heavy or tight front and loose back.
III. Signature and Seal
(1) How to sign?
Inscription, also known as inscription, is an explanatory text outside the text. Although it's still in the works? Supporting role? Status, but can play the role of explanation, play, remedy and make the finishing point. So beginners can't ignore its importance.
There are single signature and double signature. A single paragraph refers to the name (or word, number), the source of the text, the time and place of writing, etc. The position is after the text.
The second paragraph is the name of the writer and the recipient. What is the recipient's name? The previous paragraph? What's the name of this book? Next paragraph? . Sometimes the first paragraph and the second paragraph are written together and placed at the end of the text, with the name of the recipient in front (the first paragraph) and the name of the book behind (the second paragraph); Sometimes they are written separately, with the first paragraph in front of the text and the next paragraph at the back (the first paragraph in the upper right and the second paragraph in the lower left). As a gift for someone, the preceding paragraph is often used as Mr. (teacher, comrade) Yazheng (teaching, correcting, teaching, cherishing and remembering)? Wait a minute. Generally, you only write your first name, not your last name, to show respect and closeness. Most works generally have only one paragraph.
The signature should be changed flexibly according to the remaining position, or increased or decreased. Five points should be noted:
The word (1) is big and small. The inscription should be smaller than the text.
(2) The height is moderate. The inscription height should be moderate, the upper part is slightly lower than the text, and the lower part is shorter than the text, not flush with the bottom of the text and not beyond the text. Generally speaking, high is better than low.
(3) The distance is appropriate. The distance between the paragraph and the text is equal to the line spacing of the text itself. Don't stretch the distance between paragraphs and words too wide or too tight. If it is too open, it will produce a feeling of looseness; Being too close will seem cramped and sultry.
(4) The word is ancient and modern. Judging from the development of Chinese characters,
More recent than the subject era. Generally speaking, seal script and official script can be written in block letters, running script and cursive script; Regular script can be used in running script and cursive script; Running script can be cursive or running script.
(5) Leave the printing position. The signature should leave a certain position for the seal. After being stamped, it cannot be lower than the text.
(2) How to use printing
Seal is an organic part of calligraphy works. White paper, black characters and red prints have strong color contrast. It not only has the function of decoration and foil, but also plays an important role in adjusting density, making up for the surplus and deficiency, eliminating the flat plate and stabilizing the balance. In addition, the seal itself has various shapes and styles, such as ingenious thickness, which can enrich the form of calligraphy works with ink characters. Good use of seals will add icing on the cake to calligraphy works.
The printing font is mainly seal script. It is divided into yin (white characters) and yang (scarlet letters), and some seals use both yin and yang. Generally, it is used while printing. A work with two seals is also a staggered yin and yang, which is full of changes.
The shapes of seals are square, rectangle, circle, rectangle, ellipse and irregular natural shapes (with seals).
Seal point? Seal? And then what? Leisure articles? Two kinds. The seal is the author's name, pen name, font size, etc. Also known as? Name stamp? . Generally, the cover is under or on the left side of the next paragraph. You can cover it on one side or on both sides, writing white on one side and writing Zhu on the other. Or one is the name seal and the other is the name seal; Or a nameless one and a nameless one. You can't have both surnames.
The content of the leisure chapter is mostly aphorisms, aphorisms, years, personal opinions, a sentence, two poems and so on. Like what? Change is new? 、? There is no end to learning? 、? Don't forget the past and the future? 、? Why don't you wait, white boy? Wait a minute. Leisure chapter? Idle? It has an organic connection with the text in content, embodies the author's thoughts, sentiments, personality and artistic opinions, and is also a bridge and link for readers to understand calligraphy works. The upper right corner of the text covered between the first and second words is slightly to the right, which is called? Chapter one? , also called what? Introduction? . Cover it slightly higher in the lower right corner of the work (sometimes in the upper left corner and upper right corner). Corner seal? Or? Betting on the corner seal? . The principle is occupation? Horn? . Don't put the corner seal and the name seal on the same horizontal line. Covered in the middle right of the text is called. Waist tag? .
Attention should be paid to printing: (1) the size is appropriate. Small works, small and exquisite prints, big works, slightly larger prints. (2) Not too much. One or two copies of a work can be printed. Generally speaking,? Can't print three copies? This is the rule, and it is more of a presumptuous guest usurps the host's role. (3) Proper printing position. The top of the stamp must be lower than the text and the bottom must be higher than the text. Only when printed properly can the work be icing on the cake. Improper printing will destroy the artistic beauty of works.
Fourthly, the traditional calligraphy form and the virtual and real treatment of paper calligraphy space.
Calligraphy has many traditional forms, such as vertical axis, nave, banners, long scrolls, couplets, stripes, fans, squares and plaques. The composition of various forms is more or less different.
(a) vertical shaft (with screen and nave) Because the vertical shaft is vertical, the lower part is equipped with a shaft rod and a shaft head, so it is called? Vertical axis? . The length of the vertical shaft is greater than the width, and it is generally long and narrow. Often hung on the side wall of the study or living room.
The straight shape of the vertical shaft is more in line with the traditional writing form. There are more words in one line and fewer line breaks in one picture, which makes communication easier. Therefore, it has become the most important writing method since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The shape and hanging position of the vertical shaft determine that it can express Gu Zhuo, unrestrained, quiet and other styles and interests.
The repeated appearance of the vertical axis can form four screens (or six screens). Four screens or four characters written in four fonts: seal script, official script, regular script and cursive script constitute a distinct and complete whole; Or write four consecutive words in a single style to form a qualified bureau; Or a book and a text content are written continuously in four straight formats, forming an inseparable whole. Four screens are often hung on the side wall of the living room, similar to plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.
Nave used to hang in the center of the main wall of the living room, hence its name? Nave？ . Its amplitude is close to the longitudinal axis, but its shape is wider, especially in the horizontal direction, to match the spacious living room. Its composition is similar to a vertical axis, but its shape is open and open, which is more suitable for expressing grandeur and endless meaning.
(2) Banners (with long scrolls and plaques)
The width of the banner is greater than the height. Usually hung on the wall above the desk or sofa. There are many broken lines in the banner, so pay attention to the echo between words when writing; In addition, the tail of each line can be slightly uneven, but not too wide. The shape of the banner is more suitable for expressing elegant interest. Although it is difficult to create a rolling momentum, it can form an undulating style. When the banner is unfolded several times, it is a long scroll. Long speeches can be written in long volumes, and many poems can be written intermittently. Long scrolls are generally not hung, and the ancients often put them on the case and read them at any time.
The plaque is also horizontal, which is common in places of interest, historical sites and memorial halls. It needs to go through two procedures: writing and lettering. What was it called before? List book? . The general text is only a few words, arranged from right to left (the new style is also arranged from left to right), and the paragraphs are relatively simple to avoid usurping the role of the host. Because the plaque is hung high, writing pays more attention to the big effect, so it should be written bigger and thicker, which is solemn and conspicuous from a distance.
(3) couplets
Couplets are divided into upper and lower couplets, and the words on both sides of the text are equal. Write a neat poem or sentence, usually line by line. If the paragraph is a single paragraph, it is usually written on the left side of the bottom of the text; If it is a double paragraph, the previous paragraph is generally written on the right side of the upper part of the text, and the next paragraph is written on the left side of the lower part of the text. The position of the previous paragraph is slightly higher than that of the next paragraph.
Couplets also have a special form of expression. When there are many words in the text, they can be written in different lines. The first line goes from left to right, and the second line goes from right to left. There is no space at the beginning, and it is formed by folding it in half. Long Mendui? . Long couplets all adopt this form.
(4) Department
There are many kinds of fans in China, only silk fans and origami fans are regarded as artistic expressions of the world by calligraphers. The most common is folding fan.
The width of folding fan is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, which provides a new opportunity for calligraphers to create rules. The most common method is to write one word, two words or three words per line.
Consciously omit the second half of the line. This arrangement of rows can not only achieve a scattered and beautiful effect, but also avoid the disadvantages of improper layout. Fan shape is the straightest, elegant and exquisite, and pen and ink are the most taboo. So printing is generally small.
The names of the sender and the recipient written on the picture.
First, make a phone call.
Elders:
My teachers, seniors, Taoists, gentlemen and ladies.
Peer or younger generation:
Brothers, brothers, good friends, respectable brothers, big brothers, virtuous brothers (brothers),
Brothers (brothers), brothers, friends, students, Fang Jia, gentlemen, ladies and legalists (called calligraphy and painting or a specialty).
Intimate relationship:
Learn from (Rendi) and my (brother) brother.
Teachers to students:
Rendi, Rendi, Qi Xian and Xian Di.
Classmate:
Seniors, brothers, classmates, inkstones and watches.
2. Polite expressions or respectful expressions mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Elegant, elegant, elegant, elegant, elegant, elegant, precious, rich, clear, pure, pure, pure, pure, interesting, learning, learning, knocking, benefiting, giving, being right, being right, learning and respecting.
Correct, correct, please correct, teach, correct, correct, remember, correct, laugh, laugh, learn, belong, learn and play.
Three. Polite or respectful language in the next paragraph
Calligraphy inscription:
Respect, worship, respect, nod, instruct, get drunk, ramble, play, write, record, write, write and seal.
Seal the cutting edge with the following materials:
Carving, recording, making, stone processing and seal cutting
Fourth, seasonal orders
Spring: Yangchun, Youth, Sanchun, Jiuchun, Fangchun, Qingyang and Sunny.
Summer: Zhu Xia, Three Gorges, Jiuxia, Haotian, Changyuan and Zhu Ming.
Autumn: Jinqiu, Shangqiu, Suzhi, Sanqiu, Jiuqiu, Sushang, Suzhou Festival, Shang Gao Festival, Shangjie Festival and Jintian.
Winter: three winters, nine winters, winter, peace, Xuan Ying.
Five, the printing method of calligraphy and painting works:
Calligraphy and painting should be signed and sealed, and the seal should not be larger than the word. Of course, it is natural to stamp a big seal and a small seal.
Chinese painting is stamped under the lettering, down to the bottom corner, and corner seal is not allowed. For example, the upper right corner and the lower left corner can be stamped with leisure stamps, and the upper left corner and the lower right corner can be stamped. If the above words are printed near the lower corner, there is no need to stamp the leisure stamp.
Chinese painting chess pieces have inscriptions, and the left and right corners have borders, so you can't stamp them casually. Square leisure stamp can be affixed to the upper right corner, square leisure stamp can be affixed to the lower left corner and square leisure stamp can be affixed to the lower right corner. If there is no need to stamp a leisure stamp here, it will be self-defeating if you barely stamp it.
Rectangular, circular, rectangular leisure chapter, can not cover the square corner of the leisure chapter in the lower corner. You can't cover the square-inch leisure chapter on the upper edge of calligraphy and painting, otherwise, you will pretend to be the master.
Chinese painting is engraved in a straight line, and the characters at the end of the line are different from other lines, so it can't be neat, and so is the seal.
There are two seals, one round for each side, which can't match. Isomorphic prints can be matched.
Two seals, one large and one small, don't match. The same size can be matched.
Two seals, one rectangular and one oval, don't match. Isomorphic prints can be matched.
Under the signature and seal, no more inscriptions are allowed. If the seal is bound by words, it will lose its natural phenomenon.
Calligraphy and painting have been stamped with a signature stamp, and you can't give it to others after signing it, otherwise it is disrespectful.
Flower heads, bird tails, branches and hills are not allowed to be stamped. This is the painter's basic common sense, which is indispensable.
Artisans carve seals, which cannot be used for calligraphy and painting. Artists need to carve seals, and the carved lithographs are the best.
Ordinary inkpad, not suitable for painting and calligraphy, should use Babao inkpad. Cover it with two seals, not too far or too close, only one seal apart.
Seal, seal, composition and knife method are different and cannot be matched. Carve the seal with the same knife method.
Don't paint limericks, for one thing, the knower makes fun of them, and for another, the works are vulgar.
You can't put a stamp on the top of the preceding paragraph, and it is on the head of the person's name. People are taboo. One is impolite, and the other is to destroy the picture.
The corner stamp should not be too small. The rice paper is surrounded by square stone prints, about three centimeters, which is relatively moderate.
Cover the corner, but not both sides, one side is just right. The distance between the seal and the edge is about 1. Five centimeters is moderate.
Except in special circumstances, the inscription does not need to be stamped, but should be covered around the inscription and separated from the line to become a painting.
Don't stamp the calligraphy and painting, it will become a huge bomb, destroy the beautiful picture and make people look terrible.
Small paintings can't be written in big characters, and big paintings can't be written in small characters. Small space can't have more inscriptions, and large space can't have fewer inscriptions.
The name of a painting and calligraphy should not be stamped more than three times, but should be stamped twice or printed properly.
Calligraphy and painting cannot be stamped at will. It is better to cover less than not properly, and it is best not to cover the seal with bad ink.
There should be fewer seals than more, and single seals should not be double. The use of inkpad is older than flattery. Advocating the use of antique, followed by cinnabar and red will improve the style of the works.
Cover two seals, don't stagger them, how to cover them, how to use force and how to maintain the seal inkpad are all problems that can't be ignored.
You can't write vulgar words on a painting, which will affect the aesthetic feeling of the picture, so it can't be avoided.