Lao Tzu's surname is Li Minger, and the word is true. He was a great philosopher, thinker and founder of Taoist school in ancient China. Being chased by the emperor of Tang Dynasty as the ancestor of Li; In Taoism, Laozi is honored as the ancestor of Taoism;
Laozi is a world cultural celebrity, and the works of hundreds of historical celebrities in the world, Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi), are the essence of his works, and his theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, marked by the publication of Laozi's Tao Te Ching, Taoist thought was fully formed.
2. Zhuangzi, the greatest inheritor and promoter of Taoism.
Zhuangzi surnamed Zhuang, Zhou, Zi Zixiu, also known as. Zhuangzi, an important school of philosophy in China, was founded as the representative of Taoist school in the Warring States period after Laozi (also known as Laozi).
Representative works include Zhuangzi (also known as the South China True Classic and the South China Classic), among which Yao Taoyou and On Wuqi are famous. Zhuangzi's imagination is extremely rich, his language is freely used and flexible, and he can make some subtle and unspeakable philosophies fascinating.
Step 3: Liezi
Mingkou, also known as Yu Kou, was a thinker in the early Warring States period, and was another representative figure in Taoist thought besides Lao Zi and Zhuangzi. His theory comes from the Yellow Emperor Laozi, who advocates inaction.
At the end of Han Dynasty, there were eight volumes of Liezi in the Taoist part of Ban Gu's Yi Wen Zhi. Liezi, also known as Xu Chongjing, is an important Taoist classic.
Extended data
The background of Taoist inaction thought
Before the Zhou Dynasty, China was a unified country. Since Pingdong moved to the east, the system of enfeoffment has been implemented since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The emperor, the supreme ruler of this country, divided the land into vassals and allowed them to establish vassal States.
The vassal has the right to sublet the fief to Dr. Qing, apportion the tasks at different levels, and finally distribute the land to the people for farming. Although this can improve the enthusiasm of subordinates to strengthen production, it also has great disadvantages. For example, subordinates such as princes can reduce the tax payment ratio by concealing production and evading taxes. As a result, the vassal States became richer and richer, while the Zhou royal family became poorer and poorer.
With the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes became bigger and bigger, and the big countries competed for power and profit, annexed small countries and became the hegemons. At this time, Zhou Tianzi only kept the name of the co-owner of the world and had no actual ability to control the world, so the Zhou Dynasty entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The warring states fought for years, resulting in constant wars, tumbling heads, miserable people and chaos in the world.
Laozi witnessed the chaotic situation of feudal lords fighting for hegemony, war, poor people and the gradual decline of the country. He followed the idea of "driving at the right time, not hiding at the right time" and deliberately hid. He seriously thought about the problem of world chaos.
It is believed that the root cause lies in the greed and reckless behavior of rulers (princes), who are always willing to do whatever they want, which is called "promising"; Based on this, Laozi put forward the political proposition of "governing by doing nothing", that is, knowing the common without making mistakes, following the heaven, taking advantage of the trend and not acting indiscriminately. I hope this can alleviate the sharp contradictions in society, save the people from the dire straits, and help the country. This is the reason why the thought of inaction comes into being.
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