1, original:
Chen Liang said: the first emperor did not start a business, and the middle road collapsed; The next three points, Yizhou tired, this is the key autumn. However, the Minister of Security is persistent; Loyalist, forgetful: I want to report the special experience of Gai Zhui and the late emperor to your Majesty.
If you are sincere, you should listen to the holy spirit, with the light of the legacy of the first emperor and the spirit of the people; It is not advisable to sell yourself short, quote nonsense, and block the road of loyal advice.
In the palace, everything is one; It is not appropriate to punish different people with the same: if you are a traitor and a loyal and kind person, you should pay the minister to discuss his reward and punishment to show your majesty's just rule; Selfishness is not desirable, so there is a difference between inside and outside. Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. , are kind and upright, are loyal and pure. They are based on the simple choice of the late emperor to leave his majesty: I think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed and then implemented, which will help to fill the vacancy and have a wide range of benefits.
Xiang Chong, a general, has a good personality and fluent military style. He tried it in the past. The first emperor called it "energy" based on the discussion of many people. He thinks that no matter what happens in the camp, no matter how big or small, he will be able to make the front and Mu, with both advantages and disadvantages.
Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the first emperor was still alive, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling Ye! Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know I'm also a priest of Liang Zhen's Day of Death. I hope your majesty's cronies will make the Han Dynasty prosperous. You wait.
I'm a commoner, I've done my best for Nanyang, I'm willing to risk my life in troubled times, and I don't want Wenda to become a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and consulted them on contemporary affairs, so he was grateful and promised the first emperor to drive him away.
After the value was overthrown, when I was appointed to the defeated army, I was ordered to be in danger: I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since his appointment, he has been worried all night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, which will hurt the understanding of the first emperor; So crossing the Luzhou River in May, nothing grows.
Today, the south has been decided, and the armor is sufficient. There are rewards and orders for the three armed forces, and the north will set the Central Plains, and the Han Dynasty will be revived and restored. The minister was therefore loyal to His Majesty and the first emperor. As for the consideration of profit and loss, you should be responsible for it, rely on it and allow it if you keep your word.
May your majesty entrust the effect of bringing back the dead to the minister, and if it doesn't work, he will sue the spirit of the first emperor for punishing the minister; If there is no word revival, then blame it, rely on it, allow it and so on. To show its slowness. Your majesty should also ask for help, consult the good way, and make a thorough study of the imperial edict. I am very grateful! Stay away from it now, you will cry, you don't know what to say.
2. Translation:
Minister Zhuge Liang said: the first emperor died halfway before he completed the establishment of imperial industry. Now, the world has been divided into three countries: Wei, Shu and Wu. Our country, Shu, is exhausted in manpower and lacking in materials. This is indeed a critical moment for the survival of the country.
However, the ministers of the Guards did not slack off in the imperial court. Loyal and ambitious soldiers gave their lives to fight on the battlefield, all because they remembered the special treatment given to them by the first emperor when he was alive and wanted to work for your majesty.
Your majesty should really listen to the opinions of ministers extensively, carry forward the virtues left by the former emperor and carry forward the spirit of people with lofty ideals; Don't belittle yourself casually, saying that quoting metaphors is not in line with the great righteousness (inappropriate remarks), thus blocking the way for loyal ministers to make suggestions.
The courtiers of the palace and the palace officials of the Prime Minister's Office are a whole, and their promotion, punishment and praise should not vary from person to person. If there are people who practice favoritism, violate the law and discipline, and are unfaithful to others, Your Majesty should hand them over to the competent officials, who will evaluate the punishment or reward they deserve to show Your Majesty's fair and strict policy of governing the country.
Don't favor one over the other, so that there are differences inside and outside the palace. Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, assistant minister Dong Yun and others are honest people with the same aspirations and thoughts, so the first emperor chose them as his majesty.
I think your majesty should seek their opinions on everything in the palace, big or small, and then implement it. This will definitely make up for the omissions and get better results. Xiang Chong, a general, is kind, fair and proficient in military affairs. Once upon a time, after a trial, the first emperor praised him for his talent, so everyone discussed and elected him as the central governor.
I think everything in the barracks should be discussed with him, so that the army can unite and cooperate and the soldiers with high talents and poor teams can get reasonable arrangements. Being close to virtuous officials and alienating villains are the reasons for the prosperity of the former Han Dynasty.
Being close to the villain and alienating the virtuous officials are the reasons why the later Han Dynasty was overthrown and declined. When my late emperor was alive, every time he talked to me about these things, he never felt sorry for Huan and Ling.
Youzhi, Fei Yi, Shangshu, Chang and Jiang Wan joined the army. These are loyal and upright loyal ministers who can serve the country with their lives. I hope your majesty will be close to them and trust them, so that the prosperity of the Han dynasty will be just around the corner.
I was originally a civilian, and I personally farmed in Nanyang. I just want to save my life in troubled times, and I don't want to be famous in front of princes. My late emperor didn't belittle himself because of my humble background and short knowledge. He visited me in the thatched cottage three times and asked me about the current world affairs. I am very grateful for this, so I promised my first emperor that I would help him.
Later, when he failed, he was appointed when he was defeated, and he was ordered to go to Soochow when he was in danger. It has been 2 1 year now. My late emperor (Liu Bei) knew that I was cautious, so he entrusted national affairs to me (Zhuge Liang) before he died.
Since I accepted the appointment, I have been worried about sighing day and night, worrying that I can't do the things entrusted by my late emperor, which will damage the sanctity of my late emperor. So I crossed the Lushui River in May and went deep into that desolate place.
Now that the south has been pacified and weapons are ready, it is necessary to inspire and lead the three armed forces to pacify the northern Central Plains. I hope to contribute all my mediocre talents, eradicate the evil Cao Wei, revive the Han Dynasty and return to Luoyang, the original capital.
This is my duty to repay my late emperor and be loyal to your majesty. The duty of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others is to consider the merits and demerits of political affairs and offer suggestions.
I hope your majesty will give me the task of punishing traitors and reviving the Han Dynasty. If not, please treat me with a felony to comfort the soul of my late emperor. If you don't encourage your majesty to preach sage advice, blame Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others for neglecting to expose their mistakes;
Your Majesty himself should seriously consider state affairs, seek advice on how to govern the country, listen to correct opinions, and deeply cherish the legacy of the late emperor. If I can do this, I will be very grateful. Now I want to bid farewell to your majesty's long journey, and I don't know what to say in the face of tears.
3. Notes on words
(1) First Emperor: Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty. First of all, address the dead.
(2) creation: creation, founding; Industry: the great cause of unifying the world.
(3) Middle road: midway.
(4) collapse (cú): death. Collapse, in ancient times, refers to the death of the emperor. Go to hell.
(5) Today: Now.
(6) Three points: The world is divided into three major forces: Sun Quan, Cao Cao and Liu Bei.
(7) Yizhou's weak position: weak and in a difficult situation; Yizhou: one of the thirteen departments of the administrative region of the Han Dynasty, including Sichuan Province and Shaanxi Province, here referring to Shu Han. Fatigue (pí bì): Lack of manpower and material resources and depression of people's livelihood.
(8) this: this; Cheng: indeed; Yes; Qiu: Time, time, here refers to the critical period, generally refers to bad.
(9) However: Waiter: Serve; Guard: guard; Relaxation: relaxation, relaxation; Y: Right; Ahmadinejad (through translator): In the palace.
(10) Forgetting your body: Forgetting your life, regardless of your health.
(1 1) cover: original; Chase: memories; Exceptional encounter: preferential treatment, preferential treatment.
(12) Cheng: Indeed, indeed; I should.
(13) Open an enlightened hearing: expand the enlightened hearing, that is, the latter should listen to the opinions of others extensively; Open and expand.
(14) light: carry forward and use it as a verb; Legacy: the virtue left behind.
(15) Magnificence: carry forward and expand, used as a verb. Hui, Da. Hong, big and wide, here is a verb, also called "grand"; Qi: Ambition.
(16) belittle yourself: underestimate yourself too much; False: excessive; Look down upon, despise
(17) Metaphor is meaningless: the speech is inappropriate. Citation: citation and analogy; Y: For example; Meaning: appropriate, appropriate.
(18) easy: so that (the same as the easy-to-use method: to hurt the knowledge of the former emperor); Jam: jam; Remonstrance: remonstrance.
(19) Palace: refers to the imperial palace; House: refers to the Prime Minister's House; All: through "tools"; All, all.
(20) ambition: promotion and reward; Punishment: punishment; Zang No (pǐ): Good and evil are used as verbs here, meaning to comment on people.
(2 1) committing adultery: committing adultery, violating laws and regulations. Treason: doing something treacherous; Section: section, law.
(22) and: and; Do sth.
(23) There is a department: there is a competent department, which is an official who specializes in managing something.
(24) Punishment: Punishment.
(25) Zhao: obvious, obvious; Ping: fair; Ming: Yan Ming; Rb: Governance.
(26) favoritism: favoritism and selfishness.
(27) Different internal and external laws: the reward and punishment methods of the inner palace and the outer palace are different. Inside and outside refer to the inner palace and the outer hall. Different methods, different reward and punishment methods.
(28) ambition: ambition; Concern: thoughts, ideas; Loyalty and purity: loyalty and purity.
(29) Jane: choose; Say "pick" and choose; Pull: choose; Heritage (wèi): Give.
(30) Learn from them: bring them to discuss with them. Know, all; Consultation: asking, discussing and soliciting opinions; , refers to Guo Youzhi and others.
(3 1) will be able to fill the gap: it will be able to make up for shortcomings and omissions; (b): supplement; Que (bend), tong "lack", shortcomings, omissions.
(32) It is widely beneficial: it is enlightening and helpful. Guangyi: gain; Benefits, benefits.
(33) Xing Xing Shujun: Good-natured. Shu, good; Even, even.
(34) Xiao Chang: proficient.
(35) probation period: appointment.
(36) viceroy: Wu Zhi and Xiang Chong served as viceroy of the Central Plains (commander-in-chief of the imperial army).
Battalion: military camp and army.
(38) Han array: refers to the army.
(39) Advantages and disadvantages are in their proper places: good and bad are in their proper places.
(40) Villain: junior, inferior, here refers to eunuchs.
(4 1) Collapse: overturning and decay.
(42) hate: regret.
(43) Death Day: the integrity of sacrificing one's life for one's country can serve one's country with death.
(44) Dragon: Prosperity.
(45) Counting the date: Counting the date means that time is not far away.
(46) cloth: civilians; People.
(47) bow: personally; Plough: Plow.
(48) Nanyang: Nanyang County at that time, that is, Nanyang City in Henan Province and Xiangyang City in Hubei Province.
(49) If: If; All: security.
(50) Wen Da: Famous in the world, famous in the world.
(5 1) meanness: low status and identity, short knowledge. Humble: low status; Obsession: Being remote is different from today's meaning.
(52) accusation (wi): insult refers to lowering one's status; Bend in vain: Bend in vain.
(53) Gu: Visiting.
(54) Gratitude: Emotional.
(55) Xu: Promise; Drive: Run for service.
(56) You: pass "You", followed by a numeral to indicate the divisor.
(57) When he was dying, Liu Bei entrusted Zhuge Liang to manage state affairs and said to Liu Chan, "You work with the Prime Minister just like a father." Leon: It will be near.
(58) Night sorrow and sigh: sorrow and sigh in the morning and evening.
(59) Lu: The name of water is today's Jinsha River.
(60) Hairless: No vegetation, which refers to sparsely populated places. Hair, crops, seedlings.
(6 1) soldiers: weapons; A: Equipment.
(62) Reward rate: Reward leaders.
(63): hope; Tired: exhausted; φ(nú) bluntly said: Metaphor can be mediocre, which is Zhuge Liang's modesty; A bad horse, a horse that can't walk fast, shows its poor ability. Blunt: The blade is not sharp.
(64) eliminate: eliminate, eradicate; Treacherous court official: a wicked and vicious person, referring to the Cao Wei regime.
(65) also: back; Yu: Arrive; Old Capital: Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Therefore, the minister was loyal to His Majesty by reporting to my late emperor. This is my duty to repay my late emperor and serve your majesty. So: What is it used for? ...
(67) Deliberate profit and loss (zhēn zhuó sǔn yì): Consider the situation and make some arrangements. Metaphor is to master the discretion in doing things, and to consider the reasons and make some changes. Damage: disassembly; Benefits: build and increase.
(68) Entrust the minister to beg thieves to revive the Han Dynasty: Give me the task of punishing Cao Wei and reviving the Han Dynasty. Entrust: entrust, deliver; Efficiency: an effective task.
Punish me if I can't: Punish me if I can't.
(70) tell: comfort, tell the sacrifice.
(7 1) words of promoting virtue: carry forward the wise.
(72) Slowness: negligence, negligence, refers to failing to perform one's duties.
Expose their shortcomings: expose their shortcomings. Zhang: Obviously; Blame: negligence, sin.
(74) consulting (zu) kindness: seeking good policies (governing the country). Z not u, inquiry, consultation.
(75) Chana: recognition and adoption. Investigation: observe clearly; Elegant words: correct words, just words and reasonable opinions.
(76) Deep pursuit: deep recollection; The legacy of the first emperor: See Zhuge Jiliang's words in The History of the Three Kingdoms, the History of Shu and the Biography of the Early Master: "Don't do small evil, don't do small good." Only virtue and virtue can serve others. Wills: Imperial edicts issued by the emperor at his deathbed.
At the time of ...
(78) Pro: Facing; Snuff: tears; Zero: down.
I don't know what I said: I don't know what I said.
4. Creative background
In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and Zhuge Liang became prime minister. In the first year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (223), Liu Bei died of illness and entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of correct political and economic measures, which made the territory of Shu and Han prosperous.
In order to achieve national reunification, after quelling the rebellion in the south, Zhuge Liang decided to attack Wei in the north in the fifth year of Jianxing (227), intending to seize Wei's Chang 'an. Before leaving, he wrote to his master, that is, this "model".
Second, the "post-mode"
1, original:
The first emperor was worried that Han thieves were not harmonious and eccentric, so he asked me to invite thieves. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers, so we know that if I cut thieves, the enemy will be weak and the enemy will be strong. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious.
On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat; Thinking about the Northern Expedition, we should enter the south first: therefore, we crossed Luzhou in May, went deep into the barren land, and had a solar eclipse. -I have to cherish myself: Gu can't be partial to the capital of Shu, so he took risks and served the legacy of my late emperor. The discussant called it unplanned. Now thieves hate the west and serve the east. Sun Tzu's Art of War: It is also the time to advance. I sincerely wish Chen Qi:
Emperor Gao Ming and the sun and the moon, the adviser is deep, but the danger is made, and the danger is safe; Now your majesty is not as good as the emperor, and the adviser is not as good as him, but he wants to win with a long-term strategy and settle the world: this minister has not solved a thing.
Liu you and Wang lang, each according to the state and county, talk about the plan, move the sage, and the ministers are suspicious and difficult to stuff; No war this year, no conscription next year, let Sun Ce take the big seat, and then we will join Jiangdong: this minister has not solved the second problem.
Cao Cao's wisdom is not available to others. He imitates Sun and Wu with his soldiers. But he was trapped in Nanyang, dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous in Qilian, forced to Liyang, defeated the mountain several times, almost died in Tongguan, and then took a vacation for a while; The minister is weak, but he must be determined to keep up with the crisis: this minister has not solved three problems.
Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu and Li Fu to work out, and appointed Xiahou and Xia Houdun, who lost. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, it was still a loss. How can I win under the minister's crossbow? The minister failed to solve four problems.
2. Translation:
The first emperor entrusted me with the task of conquering cao thief, considering that cao thief and China could not exist at the same time and the revival could not be partial. My talent is measured by the wisdom of my late emperor. He knew I was going to conquer cao thief, and I had poor talent and strong enemies.
But if we don't conquer cao thief, what he has created will also be lost, and he will do nothing. How can it be compared with attacking the enemy? So, the first emperor did not hesitate to entrust me to crusade against cao thief.
After I accepted death, I couldn't sleep and eat well every day. I thought that to conquer the enemy in the north, I would first go to the south to pacify the counties, so I led my troops across the Lushui River in May and went deep into areas where there were no plants and grains growing, so that the food for the next day could be eaten for two days.
It's not that I don't care about myself. It's just that I think Wang Ye of Shu Han can never settle in Shu, so I risked my life to carry out the legacy of my late emperor. But some people who talk about it say it is not the best policy.
Now cao thief is just tired in the west and trying to fight Sun Wu in the east. Sun Tzu's Art of War said that he would attack the enemy when he was tired. Now is the time to invade. I respectfully submit some information to your majesty as follows:
Emperor Gao is as wise as the sun and the moon, and the wisdom of the counselors is profound, but they have gone through hardships, trauma and danger before they are safe and sound. Now your majesty has not caught up with Gaudi, and his advisers are not as good as Sean and Chen Ping, but he wants to adopt a long-term stalemate strategy to win and pacify the world. This is the first point I don't understand.
Liu You and Wang Lang, who each occupy a county, always quote classics and put forward various strategies when talking about how to settle down. They are full of questions, and their chests are full of questions. They won't fight this year and next year, making Sun Ce safe and powerful, so they annexed Jiangdong. This is the second point I don't understand.
Cao Cao's wisdom is far superior to others. He used soldiers such as Sun Bin and Wuqi, but he was once trapped in Nanyang, dangerous Wuchao, dangerous Qilian Mountain, forced Liyang, almost defeated the mountain, and almost died in Tongguan. Later, it appeared to be stable for a while. Besides, my talent is weak, but I intend to settle in the world without experiencing danger. This is the third point I don't understand.
Cao Cao attacked Changba five times and failed to cross Chaohu Lake four times, and appointed Li Fu, but Li Fu tried to kill him and appointed Xia, but Xia was defeated and killed. The first emperor often praised Cao Cao as a talented man, but he still made these mistakes. Besides, if I am mediocre, where will I win? This is the fourth point I don't understand.
3. Notes on words
(1) H: Yes. Thief: Cao Wei. In ancient times, enemies were often called thieves.
(2) partial security: refers to the dynasty in one place and thinks it is safe.
(3) Which is correct? What is right? Used for comparison, indicating a choice and tending to affirm the latter. Which one, which one.
(4) only: auxiliary words.
(5) Entering the south: Zhuge Liang went deep into the south and settled the four counties.
(6) combined day: two days and one day.
(7) Gu: This means "but". Shudi: This refers to the territory of Shu Han.
(8) Negotiator: refers to the officials who express different opinions on Zhuge Liang's determination to the Northern Expedition.
(9) The term "today's thief" refers to the rebellion in Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in the west of Cao Wei when Zhuge Liang first came out of Qishan in the sixth year of Jianxing (now east of Lixian County, Gansu Province), which affected the situation in Guanzhong: in Jiashi (now north of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province) near the border between Wei and Wu, Wu Dong general Lu Xun defeated Wei Sima Cao Xiu.
(10) propulsion: rapid propulsion.
(1 1) Gaudi: After Liu Bang's death, posthumous title became the "Gaudi". Parallel: parallel.
(12) Profound: refers to extensive knowledge and unfathomable strategies.
(13) trauma: trauma. In the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang was repeatedly defeated by the Chu army. In 203 BC, Xiang Yu was shot in the chest in Guangwu (now Xingyang County, Henan Province). In the early Han Dynasty, he went out to suppress rebellions in various places many times, and was shot and killed by soldiers of Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, in BC 195. In 200 BC, Deng Baishan was besieged by Xiongnu. Being is the same as "wearing".
(14) Liang: A famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu, who was also called "three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty" with Xiao He and Han Xin. ?
(15) Long-term plan: long-term stalemate.
(16) Sit: Pay attention to safety.
(17) Unsolved: incomprehensible. Hu Sansheng thinks that "solving" should be pronounced as "slacking off", and if you don't solve it, you dare not slack off. You can say both.
(18) Liu You (yóu): At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li Zheng was appointed as the secretariat of Yangzhou. Under the pressure of Yuan Shu, a great warlord in Huainan, he crossed the Yangtze River in the south, was soon breached by Sun Ce, surrendered to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), and was attacked and killed by powerful people. There are two books, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Wu Shu.
(19) Sun Ce: Bo Fu, the eldest brother of Sun Quan. After the death of his father Sun Jian, he annexed Jiangnan by Yuan Shu's army, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Sun Wu's regime and was assassinated soon.
(20) Jiangdong: refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
(2 1) Sun: Sun Wu, born in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is a general of the State of Wu and is good at using troops. He wrote thirteen articles about the art of war. Wu: It refers to Wu Qi, a military strategist and a representative of the Legalist School during the Warring States Period. He served in Lu, Wei and Chu successively, and wrote Woods' Art of War.
(22) Trapped in Nanyang: In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Cao Cao was defeated by Zhang Xiu in Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang County of Han Dynasty).
(23) Danger in Wu Chao: In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at loggerheads in Guandu. Because of the lack of food, Yu Xun and others persuaded them not to retreat, and then burned Yuan Shao's grain and grass in Wu Chao, which was a narrow victory.
(24) The crisis of Qilian: According to Hu Sansheng, the "Qilian" here may refer to Qishan near Ye (southeast of Cixian County, Hebei Province). At that time (204), Cao Cao surrounded Cao Zhen, and Yuan Shao's youngest son, Yuan Shang, defeated Qishan (in the south of Cao Zhen). Cao Cao was defeated again, and also surrounded Yecheng, and was shot by Pei's ambush.
Forced (B) to Liyang: In May of the seventh year of Jian 'an (202), Yuan Shao died in battle, and Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang stuck to Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province), so Cao Lien-chan could not resist.
(25) Several defeats in Beishan: Things are unknown. It may mean that in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao led his army out of the inclined valley and went to the northern mountain of Yangping (now the west of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province) to compete with Liu Bei for Hanzhong, refusing to prepare for the crisis. Cao Jun was heartbroken and withdrew to Chang 'an.
(26) Almost died in Tongguan: In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Cao Cao fought Ma Chao and Han Sui in Tongguan and met Ma Chaojun by the Yellow River. Cao Cao avoided the boat and Ma Chao's cavalry chased along the river. Almost, almost.
(27) Falsification: According to legend, Cao Zhi unified North China and arrogated the country name. Zhuge Liang regarded Shu Han as orthodox and denounced Cao Wei as "pseudo".
(28) Chang Ba: Also known as Chang Yi. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou, and Chang Ba rebelled against Cao in the East China Sea. Many counties and counties joined Liu Bei.
(29) Chaohu Lake in April: Cao Wei took Hefei as the military center and Chaohu Lake was in the south. Sun Wu fortified the Yangtze River estuary south of Chaohu Lake, and the two sides fought in this area many times.
(30) Li Fu: In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Dong Cheng, a cycling general, made contact with three generals, Wu, Wang Zifu and Liu Bei, according to the secret edict of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and the story was exposed. Dong Cheng, Wu, Wang Fu were killed. According to Hu Sansheng, "Li Fu, Wang Gai Fu also."
(3 1) Xiahou: Xia. Cao Cao sent Xia to guard Hanzhong. After Liu Bei got Yizhou, he sent troops to Hanzhong in the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), and the Shu general Huang Zhong killed the summer in Yangpingguan (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province).
(32) Hanzhong: County name, named after the upper reaches of Hanshui River (Mianshui), located in Nanzheng (now east of Hanzhong County, Shaanxi Province).
(33)Period(jρ)year: the first anniversary.
(34) "Natural wear and tear" sentence: Zhao Yun is a famous Sichuan army, and Yang Qun and others have unknown deeds. Chang Qu and Tunjiang are generals in the trilogy.
(35) General Tu, Wu Feng: A soldier charged in the Shu army. Cóng and Qingqiang: Minority troops in Shu army. Sanda and Wuqi: both are the names of cavalry.
(36) Figure: Processing.
(37) husband: speak. Ping: Same as "evaluation" and judgment.
(38) Defeated by Chu: It refers to the event that Cao Cao's army went south and Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang Changban in the 13th year of Jian 'an (208). Dangyang belongs to the ancient Chu land, so it is a cloud.
Clap your hands.
(40) Decision: Decide, use, the same as "already".
(4 1) "Then" sentence: Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Jiangdong to make peace, and Sun Liu's allied troops defeated Cao Jun in Chibi.
(42) Taking Bashu from the West: In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Liu Bei's troops entered Yizhou occupied by Liu Zhang, then captured Chengdu and acquired Bashu area.
Beheaded: Hand over your head.
(44) Guan Yu: The word Yun Chang is a general of Shu Han. When Liu Bei entered Sichuan, he was guarding Jingzhou. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), he attacked Cao Wei, conquered Xiangyang, escaped from the ban and chopped Pound, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. Sun Quan took the opportunity to sneak attack Jingzhou with Lv Meng's plan and captured Guan Yu and his son alive.
? (z ǐ) belongs to Cuū(diē): Liu Bei attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu because of Sun Quan's backing to the alliance, and was defeated by Lu Xun, the general of Wu State in Zigui (north of Yichang, Hubei). Tripping or falling is a metaphor for failure.
Cao Pi: Zi Huan Zi, Cao Caozi. In the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was abolished as Shanyanggong, in order to establish the State of Wei.
(46) Inverse view: foresight and prediction.
(47) Do one's best: do one's best for national affairs. One is "do your best."
(48) Call a spade a spade: It means smooth or difficult.
(49) See (dǔ): that is, "on the contrary"), expected.
(50) Forcing (b) to Liyang: In May of the seventh year of Jian 'an (2002), Yuan Shao died in battle, while Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang stuck to Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province), and Cao Cao could not fight Lien Chan.
(5 1) Ping: a famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu. After arriving at the position of prime minister.
(52) Extraordinary: the meaning of extreme transcendence.
4. Creative background
This article is contained in the memoirs of Zhang Yan, a native of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. It is generally considered to be the work of Zhuge Liang. It is considered as the 6th year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (228), which is one year later than the previous model.
At this time, Zhuge Liang's first northern expedition to the Central Plains did not achieve the expected results. In order to remove all obstacles, Zhuge Liang gave this "example of latecomers" to Liu Chan before the second Northern Expedition.
On his deathbed, Liu Bei entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang stepped up political, diplomatic, economic and military preparations for the Northern Expedition. In diplomacy, he sent envoys to unite with Wu; Keep a low profile, do not reply to Wei's surrender, and paralyze the enemy country with a low posture.
Politically, the military and political power is highly centralized, "the size of political affairs depends on the light", striving for indigenous landlords, easing the contradiction between subject and object, getting rid of the drawbacks of Liu Zhang's laws and regulations, setting an example, being humble to coachable, and mobilizing the whole country to go out.
Economically, we are firmly related to the people, vigorously develop agricultural production, increase grain output, increase reserves, protect water conservancy projects, develop handicrafts such as salt and brocade, and expand financial resources. Militarily, wait for an opportunity to quell the rebellion in South China, run the army, talk about martial arts and train troops.
After Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, the Northern Expedition of Wei was put on the agenda. Northern expedition to Wei is the consistent policy of Liu Bei Group. Liu Bei's ultimate goal is to seize the world.
Zhuge Liang, in view of the gradual economic recovery of Wei, it is not good for Shu to drag on for a long time. Early northern expedition can give full play to its advantages in governing the country and the army. Moreover, after his death, no one in Shu can jump into the Central Plains to compete with the great powers. Therefore, he believes that only by using his body can he hope to nibble at Wei and eventually defeat Wei, and he can repay Liu Bei's kindness. Therefore, he was determined to launch the Northern Expedition and "defeat the enemy without fighting" and stick to it.
In the fifth year of lite (227), Zhuge Liang presented his "power" to Liu Chan and immediately led his army to Hanzhong. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang set out to explore Qishan in the north. Wei Xi's Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties opposed Wei's return to Han.
After the Shu army occupied Longyou three counties, it ended the first Northern Expedition with the failure of Jieting and Ji Gu. In the winter and November of the same year, Wei entered in a big way, Cao Xiu was defeated by Lu Xun, a general of Wu, and Zhang Hedong went down, and Guanzhong was extremely weak.
Zhuge Liang thought it was time to attack and prepared the whole division to send troops to attack Wei. However, many ministers in Shu were content with pleasure, suspicious of marching, and produced many criticisms.
To this end, Zhuge Liang once again went to the table, painstakingly determined to crusade; Righteousness and sternness refute the mistakes of criticism. Because this time, it is the watch after the first time, so later people call it "after the teacher."
Extended data:
Brief introduction of the author
Zhuge Liang (18 1-234) was born in Yang Du County, Langxie County (now yinan county), and was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period.
In his early years, he lived in seclusion in Long Mu to avoid the chaos in Jingzhou, and waited for the opportunity. In October of the 12th year of Jian 'an (2007), Liu Bei visited the Caotang and began to come out. Zhuge Liang talked to him about the situation in the world, and suggested that Liu Bei unite with Sun Quan to resist Cao Cao and revive the Han Dynasty with Yizhou as the base. Since then, he has been assisting Liu Bei.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he joined forces with Sun Quan, defeated Cao Cao in Chibi, captured Jingzhou and Yizhou in the west, established Shu Han and became prime minister. After the death of Liu Bei in the first year of Jianxing (223), Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang entrusted the orphans to him, making him the marquis of Wuxiang and presiding over the state affairs.
Zhuge Liang was in the Northern Expedition because he conquered Sun Wu in the east and Meng Huo in the south. He fought frequently with Cao Wei for years, and finally died in Wuzhangyuan. There are Zhuge Wuhou Collection.
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