There are no formal rules about rhyme. Ge Zai's Ci Lin Zheng Yun divides the three tones of Pingshang into fourteen parts, the entering tone into five parts and the * * * nineteen parts. It is said that it is based on the words of famous ancient poets. Many people used to follow it. In fact, these nineteen poems are just a rough combination of rhymes, which is similar to the broad rhymes of the ancient poems mentioned in the previous chapter. Now, these nineteen parts are listed in the back for reference [28].
(A) Fourteen parts of the flat sound
(1) The flat sound is in the east and the sound is swollen, and the sound is sent to the Song Dynasty.
(2) Speak with a calm voice, speak with a gentle voice, and speak with a strong voice.
(3) The flat branches are slightly homogeneous and gray [29]; On the end of the paper, and bribe half; I didn't go to the sound, but I was half-Thai and half-team.
(4) Pingsheng Fish Danger; Upper voice; Go to the sound to meet.
(5) The flat voice is half good and half gray; On the crab, and bribery; Go to the Thai half, the hexagram half, and the team half.
(6) It's true in a flat voice, and it's yuan and a half, and it's gentle in a kiss. I am willing to go to the sound and ask questions.
(7) delete first, and half; On the sound of dry milling, but also half; I'm willing to give up my voice and remonstrate with you.
(8) Xiao Yao Hao in a flat voice, Xiao Qiao Hao in an upper voice, and Xiao Xiao Xiao Hao in a lower voice.
(9) A flat-voiced song, with an upper voice and a lower voice.
(1) A flat voice is half as good; Get on the horse, get off the sound, and divination.
(11) calm down and steam, raise your voice, and remove your voice and respect your path.
(12) The flat voice is especially good, the upper voice is there, and the sound is gone.
(13) flat sound invasion, going to bed with sound, and going to sleep with sound.
(14) the sound is salty and salty, while the sound is frugal, and the sound is removed to explore the beauty.
(b) Rusheng Five Parts
(1) Wuwo.
(2) Jueyao.
(3) Seizing tin as a pledge.
(4) the debris leaves of Aralia elata
(5) are consistent.
These nineteen works can only be used in most cases of Song Ci. In fact, in the works of some poets, the sixth part has already been connected with the eleventh and thirteenth parts, and the seventh part has already been connected with the fourteenth part. Among them, there are reasons for the development of pronunciation and the influence of dialects.
the entering rhyme is very independent. Some words are customarily used in phonology, such as Memories of Qin E and Nian Nujiao.
The boundary between Pingyun and Yinyun is also very clear. If a certain tune stipulates the use of flat rhyme, it can't be used; If rhyme is stipulated, you can't use flat rhyme. Unless there is another body.
Only two strokes can be used to pass the bet. This situation has already begun in the ancient poems of the Tang Dynasty.
(2) One of the characteristics of flat words
is that they all use regular sentences or basically use regular sentences. The most obvious sentences are seven-character sentences and five-character sentences. Some words, as soon as you read them, you will know that they are born out of the seven verses or seven laws. For example, the 42-character "Huanxisha" is composed of six metrical sentences, much like a non-stick seven-syllable melody, minus the third and seventh sentences. The word "antithesis" is used at the beginning of the word, just as antithesis is used in the neck couplet of rhyme. The last sentences before and after Bodhisattva Man used awkward sentences, but many poets in later generations used metrical sentences, so that Wanshu's Ci Law had to note the word "can be ambiguous" in the third word. If all the sentences before, after and at the end of the sentence are phrased, then the whole poem "Bodhisattva Man" is composed of seven-character phrased sentences and five-character phrased sentences. But pay attention to one thing: words are often not sticky. For example, although the first two sentences of Bodhisattva Man are both metrical sentences, their levelness is not antagonistic.
Not only five sentences and seven sentences are mostly regular sentences, but also three sentences, four sentences, six sentences, eight-character sentences, nine sentences and eleven sentences. Now describe them separately.
three sentences. -Three sentences use the three-character suffix of a seven-character sentence or a five-character sentence. Namely: flat, flat, flat, flat, flat. It's as flat as "it must be sunny", as flat as "it's all gone" and as flat as "it's sleepless". Two three-character sentences are used together, such as "green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber".
four sentences. -Four sentences are the first four words of a seven-character sentence. Namely: flat and flat, flat and flat. It is as flat as "the sky is high and the clouds are light", and as flat as "rushing to the crown with anger". Two four-character sentences are used together, such as "Tang Zongsong Zu, a little coquettish". If you flatten your feet first and then gouge them out, it will be like "throwing stones through the air and crashing on the shore".
six sentences. -Six-character sentence is an extension of four-character sentence. We change from flat to flat, and from flat to flat, we expand into six-character sentence. Namely: flat and flat, flat and flat. It's as flat as "I want to go home by wind"; Flat and flat, as flat as a "red flag rolling west wind". Two six-character sentences are used together, such as "Today's long tassel is in hand, when will black dragon be bound?"
eight-character sentences. -Eight-character sentences are often three times five. If the third word uses a flat voice, the fifth word often uses a flat voice; If the third word is flat, the fifth word is often flat. Generally, the next five words use legal sentences. The third word is pronounced as "attracting countless heroes to compete and bend their backs". The third word is
in a flat voice, such as "Don't wait and see the young man's head".
nine sentences. -The nine-character sentence is often three times six, or six times three, or four times five. Generally, it is composed of two sentences, at least the next six or five words are the sentences. Such as "the waves are exhausted, and the eternal romantic figures".
eleven sentences [3].-Eleven sentences are often upper four and lower seven, or upper six and lower five. The next five words are often legal sentences. For example, "there should be no hatred, and everything is biased towards other times." Another example is "I don't know what year it is in the palace in the sky."
There are two words, one word and one word bean in the word [31]. Now we will describe them separately.
two words. -Two sentences are generally flat (the first word is flat and the second word is flat), and they are often overlapping sentences. Such as "down the hill, down the hill". Another example is Wang Jian's teasing order, "round fan, round fan." ..... Chord tube, chord tube ". Individual epigrams are also leveled, such as Xin Qiji's Nanxiangzi: "How many things rise and fall through the ages, leisurely! ..... Who is the hero in the world? Cao Liu. " The word
. The word-is rare. Only the first sentence of the sixteen-character order is one sentence.
a word bean. A word bean is one of the characteristics of words. If you know a word, you won't misunderstand the level of words. Some five words are actually up, down and up. For example, "looking inside and outside the Great Wall" is a word bean, and "inside and outside the Great Wall" is a four-character sentence. In this way, "inside and outside the Great Wall, there is only a vast expanse" and "the river goes up and down, and it loses momentum" become a neat confrontation.
special law. -Special legal sentences mainly refer to the special four-sentence and six-sentence sentences. The four-character sentence is "flat and even", but the special sentence is "flat and even" (the third word must be flat); The six-character law sentence is "flat and flat", but the special law sentence is "flat and flat" (the fifth word must be flat). According to the Ci Law, the last sentences before and after Yi Qin E should be special ones. In fact, the penultimate sentence of the front and back often uses special legal sentences. Such as "the sound of horseshoes is broken, the horn is swallowed", "Cangshan is like the sea, and the sun is like blood". The six sentences in Dream Order are also commonly used with special sentences. For example, "Ninghua, Qingliu, Naturalization, the roads and narrow forests are deep and slippery with moss", "Pointing directly at the foot of Wuyishan" and "the red flag is picturesque in the wind". Another example is "last night, the rain dispersed suddenly, and a deep sleep didn't consume wine", "But the Haitang remains the same", "It should be green, fat, red and thin".
an awkward sentence. -Most epigrams have no difficult sentences. However, there are also a few epigrams that use some difficult sentences. For example, the last sentence before and after Nian Nujiao (such as "How many heroes are there at one time" and "One bottle is still on the river"), the third sentence of Shuidiao Song Tou has six words (such as "I don't know how to go to the palace"), and the fourth sentence has six words (such as ""
In short, nine-tenths of the problems have been solved in understanding the level of words from the perspective of laws and sentences [32].
(3) The antithesis of words
The antithesis of words is fixed, general and free.
a fixed antithesis, such as the first sentence around Xijiang month. This kind of fixed confrontation is rare.
antithetical (but not necessary) is generally used, such as the second and third sentences, the fourth and fifth sentences, the sixth and seventh sentences, and the eighth and ninth sentences in Qinyuanchun; The third and fourth sentences, the fifth and sixth sentences, and the seventh and eighth sentences. Another example is the five or six sentences before and after Nian Nujiao. Another example is the first two sentences after Huanxisha.
The first two couplets of Qinyuanchun, such as "Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, it is only boundless; When the river goes up and down, it loses its momentum. " After the three four five six two couplet, such as "cherish many dissenting Confucian Hanwu, slightly round literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish ". This is a two-sentence confrontation, which is different from the general confrontation. The antithesis of two sentences in this way is called fan face [33].
Anyone with the same number of words before and after the two sentences has the possibility of antithesis. For example, the first two sentences of Yi Qin E, the fifth and sixth sentences of Shui Diao Ge Tou, the sixth and seventh sentences of Hou Qin, and so on. But these places are completely free to fight or not.
the antithesis of words is different from that of regular poems in two aspects. First, the antithesis of words doesn't have to be equal to each other, but equal to each other. Such as "thousands of miles of ice, Wan Li snow"; Another example is "looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, but I am boundless; When the river goes up and down, it loses momentum "(the city is flat to the river; Outside to the bottom, it is right). Second, the antithesis of words can allow the same word to be relative. Such as "thousands of miles frozen" and "residual yang is like blood".
apart from these two points, the antithesis of words is the same as that of poems.
Rhyme, level and antithesis of words are all changed on the basis of metrical poems. Therefore, to study Ci, it is best to study metrical poems first. After the study of metrical poems, the words will be easy to understand.