I. Standards and norms of international competitions
1. pool length: generally 50m, with an allowable error of+0.03m. The end of the pool can be equipped with an electric shock board timer (electric shock board specification: 2.4mx0.9mx0.0 1m, placed 30cm above the water surface of the pool walls at both ends. Immerse in water for 60 cm. The surface of the plate is brightly colored and marked with the same markings as the pool wall. ) The total length of the pond is 50m, the length of the short pond is 25m, and the total length of the short pond is 25m, with an allowable error of+0.02m. ..
2. Swimming pool width: 2 1m, and 25m is required for the Olympic World Championships.
3. Water depth: the water depth shall be ≥1.8m. The walls at both ends shall be 30cm above the water surface and 80cm below the water surface. A rest platform can be set within 1.2cm from the pool wall to the water surface, and the width of the table top is 10 ~ 15 cm.
4. Race lanes: each lane is 2.5 meters wide and the side lanes are increased by 0.5 meters. There is a lane separation line between the two lanes, which is hung on both ends of the pool wall with buoy lines. There are hooks in the pool wall, and the center line of the pool bottom and the pool bottom wall should be set as dark markings.
5. Starting platform: The starting platform should be centered on each midline, with a table surface of 50cmx50cm. The front edge of the landing surface should be 50 ~ 70cm higher than the water surface. The inclination of the table top to the water surface should not exceed 10, and athletes should be able to grasp the table top at the front and both sides when starting. The starting platform should be equipped with a handshaker for backstroke, which is 30 ~ 60 cm away from the water surface. There are two types: horizontal and vertical. There should be numbers indicating the number of lanes around the departure platform, arranged from right to left according to the departure direction.
6. Swimming pool: The swimming pool needs to be equipped with overflow tanks on both sides to maintain the requirements of the pool water and try to discharge the floating dirt on the surface. Swimming pool ladders should be embedded in the pool, the number is generally 4 ~ 6, and their positions should not affect the referee's work.
7. Pool: the pool wall must be vertical and flat, the bottom of the pool should be non-slip, and the pool surface should be flat, smooth and easy to clean. Generally, the wall of the pool is pasted with white mosaic, the bottom of the pool is pasted with white glazed tile, and the lane marking line is black glazed tile.
8. Swimming pool shore width: generally, the shore width of the starting platform is ≥5m, and that of other pools is ≥3m. For the official competition pool, the bank width of the starting platform pool is ≥ 10m, and other bank widths are ≥5m.
Second, the swimming pool detail design
1. Swimming lane: hooks embedded in the pool wall should be set on the horizontal surfaces at both ends of the competition pool. The lane separation line is made of white round cork, rubber tube or round wooden stick, with a diameter of 50-70 mm, and both ends of the lane separation line are all painted red within 5m from the pool wall, so that athletes can migrate and identify when they reach the pool end. International standard for lane marking lines.
2. Starting platform: The platform of the starting platform is 450mmx450mm, with a forward inclination of about 15. The front edge of the platform should be aligned with the edge of the pool, and the platform should be treated as anti-skid. The front edge of the departure platform is 300-750 mm above the water surface, and there should be numbers around it to indicate the order of swimming lanes. The starting platform can also be equipped with a rocker for backstroke.
3. Overflow trough: The overflow trough is set on the wall around the swimming pool to remove impurities floating on the water. The competition pool can only be set on both sides. There should be an inclined slope at the bottom of the sink to let the water flow to the drain. The edge thickness of the overflow channel is preferably about 70 mm.
4. Ladders and steps: Ladders are located on both sides of the swimming pool and should not protrude from the pool wall. The number depends on the length of the pool, and a ladder can be set every 25m. You can also use steps instead of climbing stairs.
5. Underwater observation window: In the swimming pool where athletes train, an underwater observation window can be set on the pool wall for coaches to observe athletes' underwater movements and take photos. One or more underwater observation windows can be set according to conditions.
Three. Structure of tank bottom and tank wall
There are two kinds of swimming pools: one is to dig directly on the ground to form a pool; The other is to put the swimming pool on the building floor. In the former case, the tank wall bears the lateral pressure of water and backfill soil. When the pool is deep and empty, the pool wall is actually a retaining wall, and the bottom of the pool is under pressure. If it is overhead or on the floor, the tank wall needs structural design, and the solid (non-overhead) tank wall should also be treated according to the structural needs.
The waterproof layer and surface layer of the pool wall should meet the requirements of waterproof and easy cleaning of the pool. After research and practice, it is generally better to use stone pool wall, rubble concrete wall or reinforced concrete pool wall. The waterproof layer of the pool wall and bottom should be both flexible and rigid. The structure of the swimming pool and the bottom of the diving pool.
Four, swimming pool expansion joint structure
Outdoor swimming pool is affected by the temperature changes in four seasons, so it is appropriate to set expansion joints in outdoor swimming pool. Expansion joints can be made of rubber or copper sheets as water stops. The copper sheet with good durability should be used in the competition pool, and the rubber water stop should be used in the practice pool because of its aging. Its structural practice.
Requirements for the setting of swimming pool auxiliary facilities:
1. There is a compulsory foot bath disinfection pool between the dressing room and the swimming pool walkway. The length of the swimming pool is not less than 2m, the width is the same as the walkway, and the depth is 0.2m. The static friction coefficient of the walkway floor between the dressing room and the swimming pool is not less than 0.5.
2. Before and after entering the pool, it must be disinfected with a shower. There is a compulsory sprinkler between the dressing room and the swimming pool walkway, one for a man and one for a woman. There are no less than 4 nozzles in each group, and the water sprayed by the nozzles cannot enter the foot bath disinfection pool.
3. There are separate shower rooms for men and women. The shower room has a shower head for every 30-40 people, a separate dressing room for men and women and facilities for storing clothes. The lockers are built according to the standard of one per 2.5m2 water area. The dressing room facilities have no sharp corners and edges, and safety glass is used.
4. Toilets (one urinal for every 40 people in women's toilets and one urinal and two urinals for every 60 people in men's toilets), equipment warehouses, offices, emergency rooms, ticket offices and other facilities.
5. Indoor and outdoor amusement pools should have sufficient lighting, the indoor lighting coefficient is 1/4- 1/5, the water surface illumination of the swimming pool is not less than 80lx, and the height of lighting equipment from the water surface is not less than 5m.
6. The working voltage of lamps in water is not more than 24V, and the primary and secondary windings of power transformer should be isolated by insulation equivalent to double insulation or enhanced insulation grade. The insulation resistance between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer is not less than 7mΩ, and the insulation resistance between the transformer winding and the metal shell is not less than 2mΩ. Swimming pool lighting equipment must be equipped with leakage protector.