I braved the severe cold to return to my hometown, which is more than 2,000 miles away and has been away for more than 20 years.
Since it was late winter, as we approached my hometown, the weather became gloomy again. The cold wind blew into the cabin, making a whining sound. Looking out from the slit, I saw a few trees lying far and near under the pale yellow sky. A desolate deserted village with no vitality. My heart couldn't help but feel sad. Ah! Isn’t this the hometown I remember from time to time in the past twenty years?
This is nothing like the hometown I remember. My hometown is much better. But if I were to remember his beauty and describe his good qualities, I would have no images or words. It seems like that's it. So I explained to myself: The same is true in my hometown - although there is no progress, it may not be as sad as I feel. This is just a change in my own mood, because I am not in a good mood when I return to my hometown this time.
I came here specifically to say goodbye to him. The old house where we have lived together as a family for many years has been sold to another family member. The deadline for handing over the house is only this year. Therefore, we must hurry up before the first day of the first lunar month to say goodbye to the familiar old house and stay away from the familiar place. Hometown, move to a different place where I am looking for food.
Part Two: In Hometown
Early the next morning I arrived at the door of my house. Many dead grass stems on the corrugated roof were shaking in the wind, explaining why this old house inevitably changed owners. The main family who lived a few rooms away had probably moved out, so it was very quiet. When I arrived outside my room, my mother had already greeted me, and then my eight-year-old nephew Honger flew out.
My mother was very happy, but she also had a lot of desolation in her face. She taught me to sit down, rest, and drink tea, not to mention moving. Hong'er had never seen me, he stood far away and just looked at me.
But we finally talked about moving. I said that the apartment outside had been rented, and I bought a few pieces of furniture. In addition, I had to sell all the wooden furniture in the house and add more. Mother also agreed, and the luggage had been gathered together. The wooden items that were difficult to carry were mostly sold, but they couldn't collect the money.
"You can rest for a day or two and visit your relatives and family, and then we can leave." Mother said.
"Yes."
"And Runtu, every time he comes to my house, he always asks about you and wants to see you. I have already brought you home Let him know about the date, he may be coming soon."
At this time, a magical picture suddenly flashed in my mind: a golden full moon hung in the deep blue sky. Below is the sandy land by the seaside, with endless green watermelons planted there. Among them is an eleven or twelve-year-old boy with a silver ring around his neck and a steel fork in his hand, stabbing at a harpoon with all his strength. But she twisted her body and escaped from his crotch.
This young man is Runtu. When I met him, he was only over ten years old, which was about thirty years ago. At that time, my father was still alive and my family was well off, so I was just a young master. That year, my family held a big sacrifice for the new year (3). It is said that this sacrifice only happens once every thirty years, so it is very solemn. During the first month of the year, there are many offerings to the ancestors, and the sacrificial vessels are very particular. There are also many worshipers, and the sacrificial vessels must be guarded against theft. My family only has one busy month (there are three types of workers here: those who work for a certain family throughout the year are called long-term workers; those who work for a certain family on a daily basis are called short-term workers); those who also farm their own land only come to work during the New Year, festivals and rent collection. It must be called a busy month for those who work), and he was too busy, so he told his father that he could ask his son Runtu to take charge of the sacrificial vessels.
My father agreed; I was also very happy, because I had heard the name Runtu a long time ago, and I knew that he and I were about the same age. He was born in the leap month, and the five elements lacked earth, so his father was called Runtu. He is Runtu. He can pretend to be a bird and catch small birds.
So I look forward to the New Year every day. When the New Year arrives, Runtu will also arrive. Finally, at the end of the year, one day, my mother told me that Runtu was coming, so I ran to see her. He is in the kitchen with a round purple face, a small felt hat on his head, and a bright silver collar around his neck. This shows that his father loves him very much and is afraid that he will die, so he made a wish in front of the gods and Buddhas. The circle caught him. He was very shy when meeting people, but he was not afraid of me. He would talk to me when no one else was around, and within half a day we became familiar with each other.
We didn’t know what we were talking about at that time. We just remember that Runtu was very happy, saying that he saw many things he had never seen before after going to the city.
The next day, I asked him to catch birds. He said:
"This can't be done. It needs to snow heavily. It snowed on our sandy ground, so I cleared out a clearing, used a short stick to prop up a big bamboo plaque, and scattered the grain. When I saw the birds coming to eat, I just pulled the rope tied to the stick from a distance, and the birds were covered under the bamboo plaque: rice chickens, horned chickens, swans, blue-backed... ”
So I looked forward to snowing again.
Runtu said to me again:
"It's too cold now. Come to us in the summer. We go to the beach to pick up shells during the day. There are red and green ones. Ghost There are people who are afraid, and there are also Guanyin hands. In the evening, my father and I will take care of the watermelons. "
"Are you going to take care of the thieves?"
"No. Picking a melon to eat is not considered stealing here. What we have to worry about is the badger, the hedgehog, and the harpoon. Under the moon, listen, the harpoon is biting the melon.
You pinched the Hucha and walked gently..."
I didn't know what this so-called 繁 was at that time - and I still don't know it now - it was just unprovoked. It looks like a puppy and is very ferocious.
“Don’t he bite people? "
"There is a Hucha. When you get there and see the harpoon, stab it. This beast is very smart. It ran towards you but escaped from under your crotch. His fur is as smooth as oil..."
I never knew that there are so many new things in the world: there are such colorful shells on the beach; watermelons have such dangerous experiences. I only knew that he was in the fruit industry before. It's just selling out.
"In our sandy land, when the flood is coming, there will be many jumping fish with legs like frogs..."
Ah! There are endless strange things in Runtu's heart, which my usual friends don't know. They don't know some things. When Runtu was at the beach, they all saw the high wall in the yard just like me.
Unfortunately, the first month passed and Runtu had to go home. I burst into tears and he hid in the kitchen, crying and refusing to go out, but he was finally taken away by his father. He left. He later asked his father to bring me a pack of shells and some nice bird feathers. I also gave him things once or twice, but we never saw him again.
Now I have. My mother mentioned him, and all my memories of my time here suddenly came to life like lightning, and I seemed to see my beautiful hometown. I responded:
"This is great! He, - how? ..."
"Him? ... His situation is also very unsatisfactory..." Mother said, then looked outside the room, "These people are here again. They said they were buying wooden utensils, so they just took them away casually. I had to go and take a look. "
My mother stood up and went out. There were several women's voices outside the door. I invited Hong'er to come closer and chatted with him: I asked him if he could write and if he was willing to go out.
"Shall we go by train? "
"Let's go by train. "
"Where's the boat? "
"Take the boat first,..."
"Ha! This is what it looks like! The beard is so long! "A sharp and strange sound suddenly shouted.
I was startled and quickly raised my head, only to see a woman in her fifties with protruding cheekbones and thin lips standing in front of me. His hands were placed between his hips, his skirt was not tied, and his legs were spread out, just like a slender compass in a drawing instrument.
I was stunned
"Don't you recognize me?" ? I even hugged you! "
I was even more stunned. Fortunately, my mother came in and said from the sidelines:
"He has been away for many years and has forgotten all about it. You should remember," he said to me, "This is Mrs. Yang across the door... who owns a tofu shop. ”
Oh, I remember. When I was a child, there was indeed a Mrs. Yang sitting all day long in the tofu shop diagonally across the door. Everyone called her "Tofu Xishi". But she wore white powder and her cheekbones were not there. He was so tall, his lips were not so thin, and he was sitting all day long. I had never seen him in such a compass-like posture. People at that time said, "Because, the business in this tofu shop is very good. But it's probably because of my age." I was not impressed at all, so I completely forgot about it. However, the compass was very uneven, showing a look of contempt, as if mocking the French for not knowing Napoleon and the Americans for not knowing Washington, and sneered:
"Forgot? This is really a noble person's arrogance..."
"Then there is such a thing...I..." I stood up in fear and said.
"Then, let me tell you. Brother Xun, you are rich and cumbersome to move. If you want these broken wooden utensils, let me take them. Our small family needs it. ”
“I am not rich. I have to sell these, and then go..."
"Aye, you have put up a Taoist platform, and you still say it is not enough? You now have a concubine with three bedrooms and a sedan with eight carriages when you go out. Isn’t that rich? Scared, nothing can be hidden from me. "
I knew I had nothing to say, so I shut up and stood silently.
"Ah, ah, ah, the richer you are, the less money you have." The more you are willing to relax, the more you refuse to relax, the richer you will be..." Yuangui turned around angrily and said softly, slowly walked out, and stuffed a pair of my mother's gloves into the waistband of his pants and went out.
After that, my family and relatives from nearby came to visit me. While socializing, I took some time to pack some luggage.
This happened for three or four days. It was a very cold afternoon, and I was sitting drinking tea after lunch. I felt someone came in, so I turned around to look.
This is Runtu. Although I knew it was Runtu as soon as I saw him, it was not the Runtu I remembered. His figure had doubled; his previous round purple face had changed. His eyes were sallow and deeply wrinkled; his eyes were swollen and red all around like his father's. I know that this is generally the case for people who farm by the sea and are exposed to the sea breeze all day long.
He wore a broken felt hat on his head, and only a very thin cotton coat on his body, which was tangled all over. He was holding a paper bag and a long pipe in his hand, and his hands were not as red and round as I remembered. His hands were thick, clumsy and cracked, like pine bark.
I was very excited at this time, but I didn’t know what to say. I just said:
"Ah! Brother Runtu, - you are here?..."
I then had a lot of words that I wanted to say in succession: horned chicken, jumping fish, shells, quail,...but I always felt like something was blocking me, just whirling in my head, and I couldn't spit it out. Go outside the exit.
He stood still, with a look of joy and sadness on his face; he moved his lips but made no sound. His attitude finally became respectful, and he shouted clearly:
"Master!..."
I seemed to shudder; I knew that there was a distance between us. A tragically thick barrier. I was also speechless.
He turned around and said, "Shui Sheng, kowtow to the master." Then he dragged out the child who was hiding behind him. This was exactly the Runtu from twenty years ago, but he was thinner and had a thicker neck. There's just no silver ring. "This is the fifth child, who has never seen the world, and is hiding..."
Mother and Hong'er came downstairs, and they probably heard the sound.
"Old lady, I received the letter a long time ago. I really like it very much. I know that the master will come back..." Runtu said.
"Ah, why are you so polite? Didn't you call me brother before? It's still the same: Brother Xun." Mother said happily.
"Ah, the old lady is really... what kind of rule is this? I was a child at that time and was ignorant..." Runtu said, and asked Shuisheng to come up and do some arching, but the child was shy and clenched his head. The ones were only attached to his back.
"Is he a water creature? The fifth one? They are all strangers, so it's no wonder he is afraid of them; Hong'er should go for a walk with him." Mother said.
After Hong'er heard this, he came to recruit Shui Sheng, but Shui Sheng went out with him happily. His mother asked Runtu to sit down. He hesitated for a while, then finally sat down, leaned the long pipe against the table, handed over the paper package, and said: "There is nothing in winter. That's why. The dried green beans are sun-dried there at home, sir..."
I asked him how he was doing. He just shook his head.
"It's very difficult. The sixth child will also help, but there is always not enough to eat... and there is no peace... money is required everywhere, there are no regulations... the harvest is bad. Plant something , if you choose to sell it, you will have to donate a few times and lose the money; if you don’t sell it, it will just rot..."
He just shook his head; although there were many wrinkles on his face, he didn't care at all. It moves like a stone statue. He probably just felt bitter, but he couldn't describe it. After being silent for a while, he picked up the pipe and started smoking silently.
His mother asked him, knowing that his family was busy and he would have to go back tomorrow; and he had not had lunch, so she asked him to go to the kitchen to make fried rice.
He went out; my mother and I both lamented his situation: many children, famine, heavy taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials, and gentry, all of which made him like a puppet. My mother told me that anything that does not need to be moved can be given to him and he can choose for himself.
In the afternoon, he picked up several things: two long tables, four chairs, a pair of incense burners and candlesticks, and a lifting scale. He also wanted all the straw ashes (we use straw for cooking here, and the ashes can be used as fertilizer for the sand), and when we set off, he would carry them there by boat.
During the night, we talked some more, all of which were insignificant. The next morning, he took Shuisheng back.
Another nine days passed and it was our departure date. Runtu arrived in the morning. Shuisheng did not come with him, but he only took his five-year-old daughter to take charge of the boat. We are busy all day long and have no time to chat. There were also many visitors, some seeing off, some picking up things, and some seeing off and picking up things at the same time. By the time we got on the boat in the evening, all the shabby, large and small things in the old house had been swept away.
Part 3: Leaving Hometown
As our boat moved forward, the green mountains on both sides of the bank turned into a deep dark color in the dusk, and retreated towards the stern of the boat. .
Hong'er and I were leaning against the boat window, looking at the blurry scenery outside. He suddenly asked:
"Uncle! When will we come back?"
"Come back? Why do you want to come back before you leave?"
"But Shuisheng invited me to his house to play..." He opened his big black eyes and thought dreamily.
My mother and I were also a little confused, so we brought up Runtu again. Mother said that Sister-in-law Yang, who is a Tofu Xishi, has been visiting my house every day since we packed her luggage. The day before yesterday, she took out more than ten dishes from the ashes. After discussing it, she decided that Runtu had buried her. Yes, he could move them home together when the ashes were being transported. When Ersao Yang found out about this, she took credit for it, so she took the dog and killed it (this is the equipment we use to raise chickens here, with wooden plates on it. The fence contained food, and the chickens could reach in and peck at it, but the dogs couldn't. They could only look at it and get angry.) He ran away as fast as he could. Fortunately, he could run so fast with such small feet.
The old house is getting farther and farther away from me; the mountains and rivers of my hometown are gradually moving away from me, but I don’t feel any nostalgia. I just felt that there were invisible high walls around me, which isolated me and made me very depressed. The image of the little hero with the silver collar on the watermelon ground was originally very clear to me, but now it suddenly blurred, making me feel very depressed again. Very sad.
Both mother and Hong'er fell asleep.
I lay down and listened to the gurgling water under the boat, knowing that I was walking my way. I thought: I am so isolated from Runtu, but our descendants are still angry. Isn't Hong'er missing Shui Sheng? I hope that they will no longer be like me and become estranged from each other... However, I don't want them to live like my hard work just because they want to be the same, nor do I want them to live like Runtu's hard work and be numb. They all live indifferently like other people's hard work. They should have a new life, one that we have not lived.
I thought about hope and suddenly became afraid. When Runtu asked for the incense burner and candlestick, I secretly thought that he always worshiped idols and would never forget them. Now what I call hope is, isn’t it also an idol made by myself? It's just that his wish is close, while my wish is far away.
In my haziness, a piece of green sand on the seaside spread out in front of me, with a golden full moon hanging in the deep blue sky above. I think: Hope does not matter whether it exists or not. This is just like the road on the earth; in fact, there is no road on the earth, but when more people walk on it, it becomes a road.
January 1921.
Remarks
1. This article was originally published in New Youth, Volume 9, Issue 1, in May 1921.
2. 猹: The author said in a letter to Shu Xincheng on May 4, 1929: "I made up the word '猹' based on the sounds spoken by the country people. Pronounced like 'cha'...Now that I think about it, maybe it's a badger."
3. Big sacrifices: Large families in feudal society held ancestor worship activities every year, and the cost ranged from The income from the "sacrificial property" in the clan is paid by each house in turn on a yearly basis, and the turn is called "the new year".
4. The five elements lack soil: a superstitious saying in the old society about counting "horoscopes". That is, the heavenly stems (Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wuji, Geng, Xinrengui) and the earthly branches (Zichou, Yinmao, Chen, Wuwei, Youxuhai) are used to record the year, month, day, and hour of a person's birth. Each of them has two characters, which are combined into "eight characters"; It is also believed that they each belong to the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, earth), such as Jia, Yi, Yin and Mao belong to wood, Bing, Ding, Siwu and so on. If eight characters can include five, it means that the five elements are complete. "The five elements lack earth" means that there is no word for earth among these eight characters, and it needs to be made up for by naming the word earth or the radical of earth.
5. Guijianfear and Guanyin Hand are both names of small shells. In the old days, people along the coast of Zhejiang would string these small shells together with threads and wear them on their children's wrists or ankles, thinking they could "ward off evil spirits." Such names are mostly based on the meaning of "avoiding evil".
6. Xi Shi: a beautiful woman from the Yue Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period, later used to refer to general beauties in general.
7. Napoleon (1769-1821): Napoleon Bonaparte, a military strategist and politician during the French bourgeois revolution. In 1799, he served as the governor of the Republic of China. The First French Empire was established in 1804 and he called himself Napoleon I.
8. Washington (1732-1799): George Washington, American statesman. He led the United States' war of independence against British colonial rule from 1775 to 1783, and became the first president of the United States after victory.
9. Daotai: A common name for official Taoists in the Qing Dynasty. They were divided into Taoist priests who were in charge of administrative duties in a region and Taoist priests who were in charge of a specific position. The former is the chief executive at the provincial level or above the prefecture level; the latter is in charge of specific affairs of a province, such as supervising grain roads, military preparations, etc. After the Revolution of 1911, the Beiyang warlord government also used this system and changed its name to Daoyin.
Background analysis:
Two hometowns?
Lu Xun commemorated his hometown in the novel "Hometown", but in fact there was nothing to commemorate in that hometown. As a result, the dream of the past was broken by the sunshine of reality, leaving only sadness. But there is also hope, hope that future generations will have a new life for themselves, one that we have not lived. The end of the original text says: "I think: Hope does not matter whether it is there or not. This is just like the road on the earth; in fact, there is no road on the earth. When there are more people walking on it, it becomes a road." This is a very good motto. , also put it very well, not as profound as Nietzsche's, but much more profound. The "severe cold" in the first paragraph describes the cold weather and sets off the eagerness to return home.
There are two hometowns before and after here, one is the past and the other is the present. The hometown of the past is centered on Runtu. I borrowed this young farmer to write about the scene I was fascinated by when I was a child: a golden full moon hangs in the deep blue sky, and below is the sandy land by the sea, all planted with endless green. watermelon. Let’s start with Runtu.
The original name of Run Tu is "Zhang Yun". In the novel, "Tu" is used instead of the word "Water". "Yun" has the same pronunciation, so it is also replaced. In the Chinese pronunciation, "Yun" is pronounced "Run", which makes it a bit isolated. His father's name is Zhang Fuqing, and he is from the northeastern part of the city. He is from Dupu Village in Xuxiang, which is by the sea. He cultivates sand, but he is a craftsman and can make bamboo utensils. He works as a "busy month" in the Zhou family, which means he helps, because he does not live all year round, but only during the New Year. I just come to work during the holidays and during the time of collecting rent and drying crops. He sometimes came to collect straw ashes and also brought water. However, one year because of the ceremony, the sacrificial vessels in front of the New Year statue needed someone to guard, so he hired a water carrier to take care of it. As usual, the New Year ended on the 18th day of the first lunar month, so he That time I lived in the city for a long time.
About guarding the sacrificial vessels
This article says that the year of the great sacrifice will be thirty years from now. The novel was written in 1921, so in calculation it should be one year. Around 1891, in fact it was Guangxu Guisi, that is, 1893, when Lu Xun was thirteen years old. There are two larger sacrifices held by the Zhou family in Fupenqiao. One is the Zhigong sacrifice of the seventh and eighth generation ancestors. It is held by Zhizhong and Sanfang in turn. The lower part of Zhifang is divided into Zhirenyong and the lower part of Zhifang. Xing Licheng, Lu Xun was a member of the Xingfang faction. So it takes twenty-seven years to get one turn. The second is the Pei Gong Sacrifice of the Ninth Generation Ancestor, which only takes turns among the Zhifang sects. This only takes nine years. The rotating sacrifice in 1893 was the Peigong sacrifice, because in Bingshen, that is, in 1896, Boyi Gongdai established his house for the year. It was the third year since Zijing had fulfilled his obligations in vain (Zijing, who had established a house, spent all the money deposited in advance for the rent of the sacrificial fields and went crazy and died. This has been seen in "Baicao Garden Miscellaneous Notes"). Secondly, the Peigong Sacrifice has more assets and more abundant sacrifices. In front of the statue is a pair of bronze items, which are incense burners, candlesticks and vases. They are very tall and heavy. If you steal one, it is worth a lot of money, so it is particularly special. It needs to be guarded by someone. There was also a special incident. Lu Xun's great-grandmother, Mrs. Dai, passed away at the age of seventy-nine the previous year, on Renchen's New Year's Eve. The memorial had to be laid in front of the lobby, and the portrait of the ancestor had to be moved elsewhere. The "big study room" owned by Nifang was borrowed and displayed under the horizontal plaque of "Zhiyi Xueyan". It was on the west side of the gate. There was no guard at the door, which was very imprudent. At that time, Renfang Yutian had a private school there, and Master Meng, that is, Kong Yiji, would sometimes sneak in and take away some stationery. For this reason, guards are even more indispensable.
Runtu and his son?
This article says that Runtu could pretend to be a bird and catch small birds. This was his father's business, and there was a description in "The Morning and the Dusk". His father's name was Fuqing, and the children called him "Uncle Qing." He was a farmer and a bamboo craftsman. He was very smart and capable. He used a rice sieve to catch birds, and kept them in a sack stretched open with a bamboo network. Later, a tin jug was filled with half a jug of water, and the bird's head was stuffed into the mouth of the pot to suffocate it to death. This was a very simple and ingenious idea. The winter of Renchen was particularly cold. There was a lot of snow, which was several feet deep. The river was also frozen. It was rare that ships could not sail for a day or two. Because of the heavy snow, the birds had nowhere to eat, so it was easy to catch them. There would be no such opportunity in the future. Even if it snowed a little, those birds would not come. It can be concluded that this happened in the winter of Renchen, because the first month of Guisi was busy with funerals and sacrifices, and there was no such leisure time anymore. It was the first time Runtu appeared at that time. There was an interval of six years. His second appearance was in the first month of Gengzi (1900). On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, the diary says, "In the afternoon, I went to Jiangqiao and carried water to Tao Erfeng to measure characters. Yu Tong went to look at it, and all the lies were ridiculous. "I don't know what the words are, but I still remember some of the lies, such as the chaos of the world, the yin and yang, and so on. At the end, he said sternly: Don't be fooled by ghosts. ! Runtu came out dejected, and Lu Xun laughed at him, saying that he was suffering from the plague. He followed Tao Erfeng's words and said things about him, which made him very embarrassed. A few years later, Uncle Qing looked old and melancholy. From what Mrs. Lu told me, I found out that his family was in a bad situation. After Runtu got married, he got close to a widow in the village and eventually got divorced. Of course, the Zhang family had to spend some money. There may be reasons why Runtu was dissatisfied with an arranged marriage, but the seaside farm family suffered a lot after this turmoil. No wonder Uncle Qing was hit hard. Later I thought about it, Tao Erfeng was probably having trouble with that problem when he was taking the calligraphy test. The tester saw his expression and scolded him. Here you can also see the soothsayer's alertness and tricks.
The actual reference to Tofu Xishi
Run Tu’s third appearance was after the Republic of China, let’s say it was the first year of the Republic of China (1912). Assuming that he was born in the same age group as Lu Xun, he would have been thirty-two years old at that time, but as mentioned in this article, he was already very haggard, because like honest farmers, they were "living hard and numb". This kind of bleak The air is very common in the countryside. Lu Xun's second hometown was Shaoxing in the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919). Runtu still appeared in this background, and his appearance was that of the early Republic of China. The illusion of the seaside had long since disappeared. What you see in front of you is just an old house with "many broken stems of dead grass on the corrugated roof swaying in the wind." Those rice chickens, horned chickens, swans, jumping fish, and small animals that steal watermelons are called vulgar pronunciation and cover up the characters. In the novel, the characters who were written by the dog who looked up the words have disappeared, only a few women have been replaced. Of course there was Mrs. Yan among them, but the one who was particularly mentioned was the second sister-in-law Yang, nicknamed "Tofu Xishi". There is a reason for the name "Tofu Xishi", and of course Yang Ersao is just a fictional character.
The country people listened to the story and watched the opera, and remembered Diao Chan's name. They thought she must be a very "tricky" woman, so they used it as a curse name. They also heard somewhere that there was a Xi Shi in ancient times (I don't remember appearing in the Shaoxing opera). After her), it is used to describe beauty. In fact, it is a person who loves beauty, because there is a lot of irony in it. There was probably such a flirtatious person in the nearby tofu shop, and this name was left in Lu Xun's memory. As for the actual person, it is unknown. Yang Ersao was just an ordinary neighborhood woman, and she was just called to replace the nickname. Her words and deeds are generally realistic, but they are not from any one person, and they also contain elements of Mrs. Yan.
Moving matters?
"Hometown" is a novel, and readers should read it as a novel, no matter how many facts it contains. On the one hand, we can cite facts from it. On the other hand, we can look at how the author uses the materials. On the other hand, we can also briefly explain it, which is a kind of commentary. There is also another level: although readers do not regard novels as facts, some people may want to look for biographical information in them. Here is some help for them, so as not to search randomly and mix the truth with the truth. This is not only true for novels, but also for literary and artistic self-narratives. The German writer Goethe wrote an autobiography titled "Poetry and Truth", which is right, indicating that it contains things of these two natures. Of course there are some that are completely separate from each other, but most of them are mixed together. It is a fact and a bit poetic. It is a good article to read, but there are some discrepancies when using it as biographical information. It requires some thinking to make it suitable. embedded in it. The basis of this novel is the incident of moving from my hometown to the north. In the winter of 1919, I left Beijing on December 1st and returned to Beijing on the 29th. Please check "Lu Xun's Diary" for the detailed journey. I won’t go into details now. But the facts end there. In addition, there are some poetic elements, such as describing the situation when they arrived at the door of the house and saw "many broken stems of dead grass on the tiles trembling in the wind". This writing is very good, but in fact the southern roof tiles They are just piled up, unlike in the north where they are stuck together with mud and ash, allowing weeds to take root in the cracks. Over there, all the trees are made of wisteria pines, which have dried up in the winter, and there are no broken stems standing like sedges. of. Having said that, if it were said here that some dried tiles were seen lying on the corrugated corrugations, the effectiveness of the text would be much less effective.
Distance?
The journey from Shaoxing to Beijing can be divided into two sections. The first section is from Shaoxing to Hangzhou, and the second section is from Hangzhou to Beijing. The two sections are very different in length, but there is a big difference. The first section is by water by boat, and the second section by land is by train. Depart from Hangzhou Nanxingqiao Station and arrive at Shanghai South Railway Station on the same day. Get on the train at North Station the next morning. After ferrying to Nanjing Pukou, take the Jinpu train. Arrive in Tianjin in the evening of the next day. Then take the Jingfeng train at that time and arrive at Zhengyang that night. door, during which I have to change trains four times, but taking the train is always the same. There is only one stop on the post road from Xiguomen in Shaoxing to Xixing Town in Xiaoshan. It is enough to take a civilian boat for one night. From Xixing, you can walk or take a sedan to cross the Qiantang River. At that time, a small steamer was used to tow the ferry, which was safe and fast. On the other side of Songmaochang is Hangzhou, not far from Nanxing Bridge, so I had time to buy a ticket and get on the train. This night's civilian boat ride is the most interesting, but it's also better when you return home, because squatting on the bow of the boat in the summer evening to see the scenery of the water town is really not bad. When I came from Shaoxing, I only saw the Fuguo area, there was nothing to see, and it was far away. The mood in the countryside is always not good, which is also a reason. The distance mentioned in this article only refers to the waterway section. Because we were moving, even when we got home it seemed a bit dim, and naturally it was even more so when we left home. Although it was said that "I lay down and listened to the gurgling sound of water under the boat", it was very Simple but very impressively written. People Traveling This article only talks about mother and Hong'er, which is naturally a part of the novel. In fact, there are seven people traveling with him, including himself. Two of the children are the third brother's wife, and the eldest daughter is Mo Li. He was only three years old, and the eldest son died of illness in the countryside when he was two years old. The second son did not have a name yet. Seven months after his birth, he was poeticized in the novel and became eight-year-old Hong'er, because otherwise he would not be able to be with Rune. Tu's son Shui Sheng became friends.
About the author
Lu Xun (1881-1936) was born on the third day of August in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (September 25, 1881) in Huiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing City) ) Dongchang Fangkou. His original name was Zhou Zhangshou, with the courtesy name Hencai, and later he was renamed Zhou Shuren. At the age of thirty-eight, he began to use "Lu Xun" as his pen name. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang (original from Zhengyang County, Henan Province), he is a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun's spirit is called the soul of the Chinese nation and he is one of the founders of modern Chinese literature. His mother is Lu Rui and his father is Zhou Boyi. In this life, he wrote more than 100 novels, essays and essays. Lu Xun was born in a declining scholar-bureaucrat family. In 1898, he went to Nanjing to study. He first entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy, and the following year was admitted to the Mining and Railway School attached to the Jiangnan Naval Academy. During this period, he came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the Western bourgeoisie. In 1902, he went to Japan to study and entered Hongbun College in Tokyo. In 1904, he went to Sendai Medical College to study medicine. Later, because two events that happened there had a great impact on him, he gave up studying medicine.
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Contributors (***12):
Dream Angel 32517, Wanmei Jiona, Mouse 1997, Gongsun Wenwen, Qingshan Zui, shaochongjie22, Melancholy Angel CON, Pepper Scholar, Gaolou Jushi, Yuyanhuayue, Zhiyouzizai, 52117127
This entry was mentioned in the following entries:
War Elephant, Huan Huan, Land of Fire, Lu Xun, Chieko Beisho, Verne, Huang Daopo, Princess Xijun, Zhou Shuren, Kong Yiji, Haimo, Zhuzhici, Scream, Brown Giant Panda, Living in Clan, Yang Ersao, Zhang Mingmin, Samurai, Cultural Olympics, Virgil, Xiangtan Maojia Braised Pork, Zhaoming Well, French Blue Porcelain, Wandering, Ancient Chinese Rockets, Traveling, Situation , Christian Lacroix
The explanation of "hometown" in the Chinese-English dictionary (source: Baidu Dictionary):
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