Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a collection of short stories written in classical Chinese in the early Qing Dynasty. It is famous for writing flowers, foxes and freaks. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a treasure of China literature and a pearl of world literature. Its unique style is composed of strange and complicated story, colorful characters and different aesthetic ideals. Pu Songling, its author, spent his whole life completing this masterpiece, which deserves to be regarded as a giant in the history of China literature.
After the publication of New Notes on Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio, it is a pity that some mistakes need to be corrected and no second printing is carried out. This book was included in Universal Library, and it was revised. Mainly correct typographical errors and individual notes; In order to keep the original layout, only some changes have been made. I'm afraid it's difficult to fill in the blank, and I urge readers to give more opinions.
In addition, when the book was published, four "different stone theories" and four "supplementary provisions" were added after collation. Four articles, Liancheng tactic, Zhejiang-Jiangxi supplementary rules, Lezhong, and dragon playing with spiders, all add "different stones and ten stone moons"; Four articles, three dynasties elders, thieves, old women, general Huang, supplementary provisions. A supplementary provision of "Killing Yang Gong in Another City" in Dream Wolf was listed in the "Appendix" because there was no version basis at that time and it was not listed after the text. Referring to the newly photocopied copy of Different History, it is proved that all the addenda are not false addenda, and the addendum of Dream Wolf should be taken as the second addendum and moved to the corresponding position after the text. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a collection of short stories in classical Chinese written by China in the early Qing Dynasty. It is famous for writing flowers, foxes and freaks. Strange and complicated stories, colorful characters and different aesthetic ideals constitute the unique style of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. It is not only a treasure of China literature, but also a pearl of world literature. The author Pu Songling deserves to be regarded as a giant in the history of China literature.
Pu Songling was born in the 13th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1640) and died in the 54th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17 15). The word Liu Xian, Chen Jian, alias Liu Quanju; Zichuan County (now Zichuan District, Zibo City) is a native of Pujiazhuang. His family has also been "one after another" since Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. But by Pu Songling's time, "for a few people who eat, home is the sunset." After the separation, Pu Songling counted the rafters and produced ten mu of hazelnuts. Selling articles for a living, abandoning school and following children; Pay taxes, be poor and be a woman. " ("Preface to Public Ballads in Zhang Xi 'an County in the Year of the Stone") Nineteen years old, "I should take the boy test at the beginning, that is, the county, government and Taoism should be the first to supplement my doctoral disciples." (Bird's "Mr. Liu Quanfu's Grave Table") After that, he failed many times after having obtained the provincial examinations and died at the age of four. All his life, except for a year as a guest of the shogunate in Baoying County, Yangzhou Prefecture, he set up a household in the gentry's house. However, it has a home in the west of Yi Tong for the longest time. It has been 30 years since it was founded, and it didn't return to its hometown until it was 70 years old. At the age of 76.
One year before Pu Songling was born, that is, in the first month of the twelfth year of Chongzhen, the Qing soldiers of Wuguan attacked Jinan, and the city was littered with corpses. Bloody looting spread to Qilu. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the Qing army defeated Li Zicheng again, established the Qing Dynasty, and suppressed anti-Qing forces everywhere; Dark clouds hung over the country. However, in the war, the democratic enlightenment thought that germinated after the middle of Ming Dynasty is still developing. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, Gu, Tang Zhen and others continued to criticize Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and their thoughts shone with more democratic light. Historical disasters, ideological trends of the times and personal experiences will inevitably have an impact on Pu Songling's thought and creation. It is precisely because of the times that Pu's madness attracted others, and he wrote in loneliness and anger. His thought actively uses the world and looks forward to benevolent government; He hoped to "cherish the people's cream" when collecting tribute, "popularize the names of criminals" and "cherish the people's strength" when working. (On behalf of Sun Hui's Ming of the Release Pool) Although the dark reality "ignores the life of the husband and the people", Pu Songling insisted on the ideal of "benefiting the people and saving the world" all his life. He despised evil, got rid of secular fetters, pursued spiritual freedom, and wrote his life ideal in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
In the early Qing dynasty, the people suffered from war and war, and their mental trauma has not been calmed down. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has many titles, which show the disasters of that era in a vague and tortuous way. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio involves the Qi rebellion during the Northern Expedition in the late Ming Dynasty, the robbery of Jinan, the change of Jiang and Tu, the change of San Francisco and the disaster in the early Qing Dynasty. Although subtle and confusing, they all tend to be clear: cursing the serial troubles of soldiers and mourning the victims. Out of deep sympathy for the people, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio even pointed its critical edge at the whole society and denounced it as "strengthening the world" ("becoming an immortal"). In this society, "every step of the emperor is a matter of people's life" ("Promotion of Weaving"); The feudal government was as dark as the underworld (Xi Fang Ping); Senior bureaucrats are full of evil virtues (continued), junior officials are petty and greedy (beautiful women), and "no one can kill anyone" in yamen official business (Wu); As for the local gentry, they dominated the village by wealth. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is full of greed and abuse.
Ming and Qing dynasties used stereotyped writing to recruit talents and scholars and strengthen political rule. Pu Songling didn't give up his application until he was fifty-one. Although he can't consciously deny this system, he can fight back from the old foundation and expose the drawbacks and ugliness of the imperial examination. There are quite a number of articles in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, which ridicule the injustice and bribery in the examination room with the pen of laughing and cursing. Si Heng has no vision, because the shogunate officials are only familiar with stereotyped writing and are not familiar with moral articles, so they cannot identify real talents (Si Wenlang and Jia). If a scholar is greedy, he will not only "learn to be like a market" (goddess), but also "cheat the teacher" and cut the meat into the basket (cheat the teacher). Scholars are not ashamed to put up with this; Those who get paid are high-ranking officials and rich people, while those who are frustrated are lifeless (Wang Zian). In his later years, Pu Songling wrote about the ugliness of provincial capital examiners in his poem Lyrics, and could not help but sigh: "If you want Yizhou here now, you will be disappointed again." The works of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio attacking the imperial examination also reveal this melancholy mood.
All kinds of works in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio have their own aesthetic pursuits, among which the works describing love and marriage are particularly vivid. In Pu Songling's time, most feudal thoughts began to waver. "Even between flesh and blood, machinery is used, and within the family, spears are also stored" (Be Important). The works describing family entanglements in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio often regard the younger generation as the main force to break feudal ethics. Feudal society despised women, but Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio created many natural beauties with a large number of articles, showing their beautiful sentiments and extraordinary talents from different angles. For example: Yan Zhicai, the virtue; Dancing fairy, the god of kudzu vine; Ying Ning's innocence, Huifang's simplicity; Su Qiu's indifference, Huang Ying's understanding; Jiao Na's free and easy, Qing Feng's infatuation; Wait a minute. Each of them has her own side, which is incomparable to secular men. In feudal society, men and women were strictly protected, while Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, with the help of romantic whimsy, gave young men and women great freedom to love each other. The work thinks: "the system of propriety and righteousness;" Where does it feel? Why are aliens different? "(Su Qiu);" Only real people in the world can be affectionate and will not miss each other because of their beauty "(Ruiyun). The work calls for the truth and opposes "treating people with courtesy", so it praises those who love or are faithful, and condemns those who are hypocritical or deceive love. Realizing that love is the foundation of marriage, the author confirms that the marriage between men and women "has been going on for a hundred years, and parents only care" (Frog God). Many works praise independent marriage from the media; This was not an existing reality at that time, but an ideal that should be realized. Pu Songling's aesthetic taste is really superior; Even if there are some slight dross, after all, defects cannot be concealed.
There are nearly 500 articles in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, including all kinds of anecdotes in the world, at home and abroad, the strange changes of birds, animals, insects, fish, plants, bamboo and stones, folk customs and natural disasters. As mentioned above, only it is a big one.
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio pushed China's art of writing short stories in classical Chinese to the peak, which was called "an unprecedented work" by his predecessors. Its theme realm is higher than that of Zhi Guai in Jin Dynasty and Tang Legend, and the meaning of pen and ink is incomparable for later sequels. Its artistic achievement is not only Pu Songling's innovation in reposing his feelings with absurd stories, but also the development of the excellent tradition of China literature.
As a "lonely and angry book", strong emotional color and extraordinary aesthetic pursuit are the main characteristics of the creative art of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. When the author is creating, he often thinks about the sky, and the gods and things swim: "You fly and prosper, but you are crazy and hard to say;" Yongtuo is empty-minded and ignorant. " (The Story of a Lonely Studio) This feeling of excitement and passion is just enough to show the strangeness of fantasy novel. In all kinds of works, there are both the anger of King Kong and the warmth of childlike innocence. There are both verbal criticism and humorous satire. All kinds of absurd stories have a gripping artistic charm. The publication of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has made China's once-silent classical Chinese novels glow again and made an artistic breakthrough, the essence of which is artistic innovation on the basis of carrying forward the excellent tradition of China literature. Pu Songling has rich literary accomplishment. He not only "uses legendary methods, but also aims at strangeness" and consciously carries forward Chu Sao's creative spirit. His Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio said: "A radish and a plum are San Lv's coquettish feeling;" Ghosts and ghosts, Long Claw Lang is addicted to singing. There is a reason for claiming to be natural and not choosing a good tone. " Liaozhai is a literary work, arrogant and unruly. It is also a step forward, and it is straightforward to choose a good voice. At the end of each article, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio imitates Gong Yue, a great teacher in Historical Records, and adds a compliment to Gong Yue, Yi Shi, which directly expresses the artistic concrete meaning. There are nearly 200 "days of different rocks" in the book, which are numerous and have profound meanings, all of which are different from the discussion style occasionally added by Tang legends. The adoption of this form is a conscious development of the aesthetic thought of Historical Records. It's not enough to live a hundred years, Loneliness and Anger with Only One Book by Gaps Songling is similar to Sima Qian's A Little Restraint and An Angry Act. Mr. Lu Xun called Historical Records "Li Sao without rhyme". Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio applies the artistic tradition of Chu Sao to the novel, which gives a new life to the art of China's classical novels. Pu Songling's creative spirit still has reference significance today.
Zhu's book was included in Universal Library on February 1992: the preface is short and does not involve the published version. This is briefly explained at the back of the book.
Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has many manuscripts and engravings. Transcripts are inevitable in words. "Lu Yuhai Zhen" mistake, but did not avoid the shortcomings of path change. Therefore, our new school-based, original school-based and school-based schools all use manuscripts, and only a few words have been wrongly copied and proofread. This may keep the overall appearance.
/kloc-half a manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was discovered in the winter of 0/950. Our school, that is, 1955, the Literature Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied this half of the manuscript as one of the original copies. (The crow's head and Princess Yunluo are incomplete, but they are still based on residual texts, supplemented by other books. The rest, then use other transcripts as the background.
The manuscripts of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are the most complete with Li Chengzhang's Zhu Xuezhai Transcript and 1962' s Twenty-four Volumes Transcript found in zhoucun district, Zibo. Compared with the two, it is more appropriate to use Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript as the other one. This book was copied from the Zhu family in Jinan. Ji 'nan Zhu Manuscript is a book based on Pu Manuscript. Although the number of articles in the "General Catalogue" of the manuscript of Moxuezhai is not consistent with the actual order of the manuscript (especially the fourth and ninth volumes), it is basically consistent with the manuscript and the manuscript No.711collected by Shandong Museum. Therefore, our school-based and manuscript articles decided to take Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript as the background. Zhu Xuezhai's manuscripts are not collected or there are a few untitled articles, and the manuscripts collected by Shandong Museum or 24 volumes of manuscripts are the base. It is impossible to determine the exact dates of the 24 volumes of manuscripts and the newly discovered different histories. Moreover, the arrangement of his articles is also different from the existing manuscripts of China, Zhu Xuezhai and Shandong Museum. Therefore, although it is a relatively complete manuscript with important collating value, rashness is the main background.
The new school-based * * received 494 articles. Among them, 236 manuscripts and 243 manuscripts are the main parts of the book. The rest are based on the manuscripts collected by Shandong Museum, which are six volumes; Twenty-four manuscripts shall prevail, which is nine volumes. The above five manuscripts were not collected, but were found in his three articles and listed as the appendix at the end of the volume.
In recent years, the academic circles have put forward some inferences about the number of volumes, volumes and articles in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, but there is no conclusion. Therefore, the number of volumes, volumes and articles indicated in the General Catalogue of Zhu Xuezhai Manuscripts shall prevail in our new school. The number of articles listed in the "General Catalogue" of Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript is basically the same as that of the original manuscript. However, the fact that Zhu Xuezhai Manuscript is divided into twelve volumes may not be consistent with the original volume of the manuscript.
We have made a brief investigation on the manuscript with the number 7 1 1 collected by Shandong Provincial Museum, and think that the revision of the manuscript volume number can be used as a reference for the manuscript to be divided into eight volumes. Copying this manuscript, I don't avoid the taboo of Yongzheng Qianlong, only the taboo of Kangxi. Yuan suspected that it was copied during the Kangxi period. The second volume contains inscriptions by Wang Shizhen and Zhang Li, indicating that this is a transcript of Kangxi forty-six years later. There are four volumes in this manuscript, and 246 articles are included in the manuscript catalogue. The original text is missing two articles, but there are actually 245 articles. There are two marked volumes in these four manuscripts. There is a volume "The Story of the Lonely Studio", and the directory page is marked "Story Directory"; The first page of this volume is marked "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio", which is the same as the photocopy. The first half of the catalogue of the first volume of The King is incomplete. I don't know whether to label it. On the first page of the recorded text, the words "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Volume II" are marked. Based on this, it can be inferred that one volume of this manuscript is one volume, and the existing four volumes are four volumes. There are 246 articles in these four volumes, accounting for about half of the book. The book should be eight volumes, which means eight volumes. These four volumes of manuscripts are kept in Shandong Museum, and two of them are copies of the first and third volumes photocopied by Ancient Books Publishing House. The first volume of the manuscript is almost the same as the corresponding volume of this manuscript; Among them, Gao Xu, Tang Xu and Zi Zhi are completely consistent with the articles and times received, but the manuscripts are one more than those collected in Shandong Museum. The third volume of the manuscript is exactly the same as the other volume corresponding to this manuscript; Only there are three more manuscripts, namely Crow's Head, Filial Son and Yamaraja. The second and fourth volumes of the manuscript are completely different from the other two volumes of the manuscript of Shandong Museum. There are four existing manuscripts and four in Shandong Museum, and the number of articles in each book is roughly the same. This manuscript and this manuscript, these two groups of eight-volume manuscripts, are repeated into two volumes and six volumes exist.
There are no duplicate names in these six volumes, so we can get a glimpse of the original features of the six volumes of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. These six volumes * * * received 354 articles. The manuscript of Zhu Xuezhai has 488 titles, minus six volumes, and there are 134 titles. According to the average number of articles in the above six volumes, this 134 article can be divided into two volumes. From this point of view, Bird's Tomb Watch of Mr. Liu Quanpu, Pu Ruo's Notes on Liu Quan's Visiting Scholar in Qing Dynasty, and Pu Ruo's Poems in Sacrifice to Father, etc. , are in line with the original situation of this volume of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. This problem deserves further study and demonstration. However, before the academic circles have come to a conclusion, our new school is divided into twelve volumes according to the "summary table" of the cast, for the sake of prudence. This book arranges volumes and articles according to the "General Catalogue" of Zhu Xuezhai's manuscripts. Related articles based on manuscripts are inserted into the corresponding ranks in the "General Catalogue" respectively.
If the actual ranking of each article in Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript volume is different from the "summary table", it will also be adjusted according to the "summary table". Items that are not included in the General Catalogue will be included in the corresponding volumes if they are found in the manuscript and can be inferred. For example, Niu Tongren was found in the manuscript after He Xian and before the goddess, so it still ranks behind, and is listed in Volume 10 of the general catalogue together with He Xian and the goddess. The article "sea fish" in the manuscript can't be found in Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript and other manuscripts. Its content is the same as that of Yu Ziyou. This paper makes a textual research on Yu Ziyou recorded in Zhu Xuezhai's Manuscript, Twenty-four Volumes Manuscript and Collected Manuscript, and compares it with Haidayu. Although their themes are similar, their characters are different in complexity and simplicity, so they still retain the Haida language and the original appearance of the manuscript. Well, because it was after Ding Qianxi and before Zhang Laoxianggong, it was this article. There are two books, The Beggar Fairy and Cross-dressing, which are not found in the existing manuscripts and the manuscripts collected by Shandong Provincial Museum. The articles in the 24-volume manuscript are also quite different from those in the 16 volume edition, so it is impossible to infer their original ranking, so they are temporarily listed at the end of the general catalogue 12 volume.
Zhu Xuezhai's Manuscript 14: Eagle Tiger God, Flying Butterfly, Boy, General Huang, Medical Skill, Tibetan Tick, Ye Ming, Xia Xue, Zhou, Mou Yi, Qian Buwu, Yao An, Yao An. Among them, the eagle and tiger gods were found in the manuscript. There are six articles in total, namely Flying Butterfly, Boy Boy, General Huang (supplemented by Jin people), Medical Skill, Tibetan lice and Gongsunxia, supplemented by manuscripts from Shandong Museum. Seven articles, including Xia Xue, Zhou, You Yi, Qian Buwu, Yao An and Weng, are taken as the base, supplemented by 24 volumes of manuscripts.
In Zhu Xuezhai's manuscripts, Lian Cheng Ji, Prison Break Addendum, Yue Zhong and Dragon Beating Spider all lack a "different October". Liancheng, Prison Break Addendum, and Yue Zhong, with twenty-four supplementary books. The chapter "Dragon Play Spider" supplements the manuscripts collected by Shandong Provincial Museum. Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript "The Elder of the Three Dynasties" has no supplementary provisions of "Hong Jing lue ...". , according to the manuscript collected by the Shan 'er Provincial Museum; There is no "Zhangqiu Cao Grain Service ..." in "Stealing Households", with 24 manuscripts attached. Zhu Xuezhai's manuscript "A Bao" has no supplementary provisions of "collecting ten kinds of idiocy", so it is supplemented at the end of the text according to the manuscript No.703 collected by Shandong Provincial Museum. There is no supplementary provision in Dream Wolf, that is, "Kill Yang Gong in another city". The Pig's Mouth of the Taoist priest, Zhang Mu and Persia selected from Qianlong to Qianlong are not.
Zhu houji