Hydrological characteristics: Hengshan Reservoir is located on Tangyu River, a tributary of Hunhe River in the upper reaches of Sanggan River in Yongding River system of Haihe River basin, 5 kilometers south of Hunyuan. With a total storage capacity of13.3 million cubic meters, it is a medium-sized water control project with comprehensive utilization of flood control and irrigation.
Climate characteristics: Hunyuan County, where Hengshan Mountain is located, has a temperate semi-arid continental climate with four distinct seasons. Winter is cold, spring is dry and windy, summer rainfall is concentrated, and autumn is short and sunny. The temperature difference between morning and evening is large.
Extended data:
Mount Hengshan, Ancient Xuanwu Mountain, Emei Mountain, Gaoshi, Xuan Yue. After many arguments in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the ancient Beiyue in Quyang was shot at Quyang by the central axis of the Handan earthquake in the late Ming Dynasty, and most of the Beiyue temples in Quyang were destroyed. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Tianfengling in Hunzhou was renamed as Mount Hengshan in Beiyue, and no sacrifices were held thereafter. In Qing Dynasty, the emperor shunzhi formally offered sacrifices at Beiyue Temple in Hunyuan.
The first statement: In the sixth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1493), Ma Wensheng, a senior minister of the Ministry of War, wrote a letter to Shu, demanding that Mount Hengshan in Beiyue, Hebei be enshrined in Hunyuan, Shanxi. Ni Yue, the minister of rites, objected. The court agreed to "still worship Quyang, according to this principle."
The second statement: In the 15th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1502), Ma Wensheng, who had been promoted to official position, went to work again, so please offer a sacrifice to Beiyue to Hunyuan in Shanxi. During the reconsideration, Ni Yue, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, refuted it again. The emperor reconsidered and replied to the ceremony: "Yes."
The third statement: In the 25th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1546), Chen Gong, a native of Henan, issued a letter asking him to sacrifice Quyang, which was rejected by the court.
The fourth statement: In the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586), Hu Laigong, the governor of Shanxi Province, asked him to worship Beiyue in Hunyuan instead. Shen Li, the minister of does not do business, opposes it.
Fifth statement: In the same year (1586), that is, after the fourth confrontation, the court renamed Xuanyue Mountain in Hunyuan, Shanxi Province as Beiyue Mountain and called Hengshan Mountain. But this only changed the main peak of Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue, and the national rank ceremony was still determined in Quyang, Hebei Province. The theory of "Two Hengshan Mountains" appeared in the late Ming Dynasty.
Sixth statement: In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1660), the criminal division killed this matter with a stick and presented it to the court for offering. His view is consistent with that of Ma Wensheng in Ming Dynasty, but this time Emperor Shunzhi approved "Beiyue moved to Hunyuan". Since then, I have never seen a memorial against this matter.
There are three main reasons for the school that advocates changing to worship Hunyuan: Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue, and the place to worship Beiyue should be north of the capital. At that time, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue was in damao mountain, Hebei Province, and the place where Quyang worshiped Beiyue Temple was in the south of Beijing, which was inconsistent with the orientation of Beijing.
It was changed to Hunyuan, Shanxi, because Hunyuan used to be the shadow of Hengshan Mountain, and Hengyang and Hengyin "both refer to Hengshan Mountain", and Hunyuan is farther north than Quyang, the capital; There are also inconvenient transportation and personal wishes of officials. Those who oppose changing worship advocate still offering sacrifices at Beiyue Temple in Hequyang.
It is emphasized that since "Heng Yang and Heng Yin both refer to Mount Heng", there is no need to change worship. They used a lot of historical facts of "changing all but not changing Yue" and quoted quotations to refute the school of changing worship, in order to maintain the historical practice of the central government worshiping Yue in Hebei for thousands of years.
During the Shunzhi period from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the debate on the change of sacrificial rites continued, and the place of offering sacrifices to Beiyue was moved from Quyang, Hebei Province to Hunyuan, Shanxi Province, and the debate on the unity of sacrifice and worship ended. Since then, Hunyuan in Shanxi has become a place where the country worships Mount Hengshan in Beiyue and enjoys the political treatment of ancient Beiyue (now Hebei).
Hengshan Mountain is a fault mountain formed by secondary orogeny and previous crustal movements. The rock formation is ancient Ordovician limestone, which is 500 million years old. The bedrock is exposed, severely weathered and broken, with deep peak-valley cutting, and the relative height difference exceeds 1 000m.
The whole mountain range extends from northeast to southwest for hundreds of kilometers, and it is known as the first mountain in the cold region, which is "the square of China and the guardian of Gong Shenjing". Hengshan starts from Taihang Mountain in the north, crosses the Great Wall, connects Yanshan Mountain in the east, spans Yanmen in the west, blocks Sanjin in the south and overlooks Dai Yun in the north, and stretches for 500 miles from east to west (across Ningwu, Shuozhou, Daixian, Yingxian, Fan Shi, Yin Shan, Hunyuan and Lingqiu counties in Shanxi). It is the watershed of Sanggan River and Hutuo River, tributaries of Haihe River.
Hengshan Mountain is the northern mountain among the five mountains in China. Its mountains originate from Yinshan Mountain, Guancen Mountain and Taihang Mountain. It winds along the northeast, surges up and down, crosses the fortress, stretches for 500 miles from east to west, and has brilliant 108 peaks. Tianfengling, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, is located in Hunyuan, with an altitude of 20 16. 1 m. Known as "the pillar of the northern people and the sky" and "the first famous mountain in the world". It is magnificent and is known as the ancestor of the mountains in the north.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Hengshan