Yellow Emperor
The juxtaposition of Huangdi and Yandi, such as descendants of the Yellow Emperor and descendants of the Yellow Emperor, has also become one of the sayings of all China people since the Qing Dynasty. However, from the perspective of anthropological social evolution, it is speculated that Yandi is actually the ancestor of Miao nationality, and the mythical Yandi and Huangdi may be the co-owners of ancient tribal alliances. According to Shan Hai Jing, Emperor Yan was defeated by the Yellow Emperor in the Battle of Hanquan, and then Chiyou assembled his men and lost to the Yellow Emperor in the Battle of Zhuolu.
The Records of the Five Emperors records that the original surname of the Yellow Emperor was Gongsun and his name was Xuanyuan. "History of Taoism" records that the Yellow Emperor is Gongsun, and "Guoyu" records that the Yellow Emperor grew up in accordance with Jishui, so he was named Ji. Cui Shu thought that Gongsun was the title of the grandson of a vassal, not a surname, and there was no such title in ancient times. Living in the hill of Xuanyuan, it is called Xuanyuan, a state-owned bear, also known as Xiongshi. There are Di Hong family, Xuan Di family and Jinyun family. These are called historical materials to explain.
"Han Shu Ren Biao Kao" Volume 1: (Huangdi) Ji surname, son of Shaodian. Less code takes the home of Ba, the name is attached to the treasure, and the electricity is around the pivot. She was pregnant in May and was born in Tianshui in May. According to Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records, "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan. ..... The Yellow Emperor lives in Xuanyuan Mountain ". The statement that "the mountain of Xuanyuan" is located in Xinzheng gives the unified annals of Daming. According to legend, Huangdi was born on the third day of March in the summer calendar and on the second day of February. As the saying goes, "On February 2nd, the dragon looked up; Born in Xuanyuan on March 3. " Yandi and Huangdi launched the battle of Hanquan, and Huangdi won. Finally, the Yellow Emperor captured Chiyou in the battle of Zhuolu and won, unifying the tribes in the Central Plains. After the war, the Yellow Emperor led an army into the Jiuli area, and immediately at the top of Mount Tai, he joined forces with all the tribes in the world to hold a grand meditation ceremony. Suddenly, a big cockroach appeared in the sky, still yellow in color. People say that he regards Tude as the emperor, so he calls himself the Yellow Emperor. Since then, the position of the Yellow Emperor as the co-owner of the world has finally been established. Assemble the Yanhuang tribe and defeat Chiyou in the battle of Zhuolu.
At present, the earliest record about the Yellow Emperor comes from the corpse god: "Zi Gong asked Confucius: Do you believe that there are ancient Yellow Emperor all around?" Confucius said: The Yellow Emperor took four people who were in harmony with himself, so that he could unify the four directions, get close to each other and achieve great things. This is called four sides. "
"The History of Daoism, Houji I" contains: "The Yellow Emperor began to establish the country by dividing the land." Legend has it that after the Yellow Emperor laid the foundation of the world, he "ordered the wind to cut Wan Li and draw wild lines to divide Xinjiang into small countries and regions", and formulated a national official system, such as setting up a central official in the name of cloud, Qingyun in charge of ethnic affairs, Jinyun in charge of military affairs, and setting up left and right sides to supervise all tribes in the world. Hou Feng, Li Mu, Chang Xian and Da Hong were appointed ministers to govern the people. He often makes sacrifices to mountains and rivers and ghosts. He calculated and worked out the calendar according to the gods. He regularly travels to various places to learn about people's living conditions, so he is deeply loved by the people.
In addition, when the Yellow Emperor co-ruled, it was not far from ancient times, and people's lives were simple and simple. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor taught people to cook and eat cooked food, and created textile technology to make clothes crowns to keep out the cold. He also appointed ministers to be responsible for different technological creations, such as observing the sun and the moon and observing the planets in Wan area respectively. Ling Lun created and created Jiazi, Li Shou invented arithmetic, and combined the above six technologies to make music and calendars. The Yellow Emperor also asked Ling Lun and Cui to make musical instruments, such as chimes and chimes, recite and write words in Cang Xie, and the emperor drew pictures, making Yongfu and Chu Jiu, and Yimou made arrows, waved bows and made boats out of goods.
The Yellow Emperor has four concubines and ten concubines. The first princess was Lei Zu of Xiling family. She taught people to raise silkworms and weave silk clothes, so she was named "First Silkworm" and the second princess was named Mo Mu. It is said that the mirror was invented. Although it looks ugly, it is a noble introduction to the Yellow Emperor and is highly respected by the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom have surnames. These fourteen people got twelve surnames, namely: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Yi, Ren, Xun, Yi, Yi and Yi. The monarchs of Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor. According to Shan Hai Jing, Bei Da Huang Jing, Bei Da Huang Xi Jing and Bei Da Huang Dong Jing, Bei Di in the north, Rong Rong in the west and Dong Yi in the east are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
According to Records of Five Emperors, Xiao Xuan, the son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to Di Ku, and Di Ku was the ancestor of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. According to Zhou Benji, Princess Jiang Yuan was the mother of Hou Ji (Fei), the ancestor of Zhou people. Zhu Die, your second princess, is the mother of Qi, the ancestor of Shang clan.
Changyi, another son of the Yellow Emperor, is directly related to the Huaxia nationality. According to Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing, the Yellow Emperor married Lei Zu, which made him prosperous. Chang Yisheng gave birth to Han Liu, who gave birth to Zhuan Xu (that is, Levin's). Zhuan Xu gave birth, Qiong Chan gave birth to Jingkang, Kang Sheng gave birth, and Gu Sou gave birth to Shun. "Guoyu Luyu" contains: "Yin people live in harmony with their ancestors". According to Shiben, Zhuan Xu was born with Kun and looked like a white horse. After God sent Vulcan Zhu Rong to kill Kun, he cut open Kun's abdomen and gave birth to a Huanglong, namely Dayu (according to Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing). Dayu is the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
According to legend, Huangdi is also familiar with medical skills, and Huangdi Neijing, a traditional Chinese medicine, is written in the form of a question and answer between Huangdi and Qi Bo on medical issues, which is divided into Su Wen and Ling Shu. But it may actually be the work of later generations under the guise of the name of the Yellow Emperor.
The Yellow Emperor collapsed and was buried in Qiaoshan Mountain (the position of Qiaoshan Mountain has always been controversial, and it is now recognized by academic circles that there was still a Yellow Emperor Temple on Qiaoshan Mountain in the southwest of Hugou Village, Wenquan Village, Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province until the later Tang Dynasty, and it was not until Liao ruled North China that it was sacrificed). The Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi is a cenotaph, because it has long been in the Han-ruled area of the Central Plains. Therefore, since the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty, the annual activities of paying homage to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor have continued, and it has been promoted to a national ceremony by emperors of all dynasties, and it is called "the first mausoleum in the world". But in fact, the Huangdi Mausoleum only belongs to coffin burial, and the monument in front of the Huangdi Mausoleum also illustrates this point. In addition, according to literature, when the Yellow Emperor died, he cast a tripod in Dinghu, and the dragon rode a colorful cloud, and the Yellow Emperor died in the dragon.
On May 20th, 2006, Huangdi Mausoleum Festival was approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. At present, the Mausoleum of Huangdi has become a sacred place for Chinese people at home and abroad to seek their roots and recognize their ancestors. Every year, a large number of Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad come to worship their ancestors. Sacrificing the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is not only a simple ancestor worship activity, but also contains profound significance of inheriting Chinese civilization and rallying Chinese children.
Later generations gradually deified the Yellow Emperor. In Zhuangzi, it is mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became immortal. "Historical Records of Xiaowuji" records that "the Yellow Emperor fought and learned immortality. It is not the way to suffer the people, but the way to cut off ghosts and gods. I'm over a hundred years old, so I have to marry the avatar. " , "the fairy is in the sky"; The Yellow Emperor in Biography of Immortals can also exorcise immortals. Huangdi is considered to be one of the pioneers of Taoism and has a special position.
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