Witchcraft (wū gǔ) is an ancient folk belief. That is, witchcraft used to harm enemies. Originating from ancient times, it includes curses, puppet shooters (the puppets hate winning) and poisonous poison. Curses have been very popular in primitive societies. The ancients believed that verbal curses could cause harm to individual enemies or enemy countries. Basic introduction Chinese name: Witchcraft Foreign name: witchcraft Pinyin: wū gǔ Category: Basic information of ancient beliefs and folk customs, meaning, origin, introduction, manufacturing, classification, historical records, disasters, historical facts, occurrence of Witchcraft Rebellion, victims ,After being rehabilitated and cleansed, the works involved, the basic meaning of the information is that in the folk customs of mind belief, people believe in the method of controlling and influencing people and things with the help of superhuman mysterious power. Origin: The art of witchcraft has been around since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and both the laws of the Han Dynasty and the laws of the Tang Dynasty explicitly prohibited the art of witchcraft. For example, the laws of the Han Dynasty stipulated that if the poisonous insects raised in a person's home had matured and caused death, the person would be sentenced to death and his family would be exiled for three thousand miles. Similar regulations were made in the Tang Dynasty, those who raised undeveloped voodoos were exiled, and those who developed voodoos were decapitated. Introduction Production In layman's terms, voodoo is actually a kind of poisonous insect. The so-called voodoo technique is to use the toxins of these poisonous insects to harm people. Because of the lack of medical knowledge in ancient times, people associated this phenomenon with witchcraft. Let’s enumerate a method for making witchcraft voodoo: put spiders, scorpions, toads, poisonous snakes, centipedes and other poisonous insects in a container and seal it for ten days. The one that survives after opening is the most poisonous one, and it is also the first choice for voodoo voodoo. Breeding (omitting the method) is ultimately a poison. People who put its feces in other people's wells or grains and eat it will have worms in their stomachs, and they will slowly become weak and die. Gu, with the same ancient sound, is said to be an artificially cultivated poisonous insect. Legend has it that releasing poison is a mysterious witchcraft inherited from ancient my country; in the past, in the southern villages of China, there used to be very serious troubles, and talk about poison became a color. Scholars and scholars passed it on to each other, and the written records seemed to be true. Some medical experts also took it as true and wrote down some methods for treating poisonous poisons. The method of making poisonous poison: Preparing it on the Dragon Boat Festival, taking advantage of the time when the yang energy is at its peak to make medicine, which can cause illness and death. They are often controlled by snakes, poisonous insects, and centipedes, which can kill with just one touch. Classification There are eleven types of voodoos: snake voodoo, golden silkworm voodoo, bamboo tapeworm voodoo, stone voodoo, loach voodoo, middle harm god, malnutrition voodoo, swollen voodoo, epileptic voodoo, yin snake vood and raw snake voodoo. The remaining special ones are described as follows: Epilepsy Gu: Legend has it that it is mostly done by the Zhuang people, who bury snakes in the soil and take out the fungi to harm people. Malnutrition Gu: also known as "Rain-carcinoma" and "Bee-free". It is said that people in Guangdong and Guangdong are very good at this. The method is: on the Dragon Boat Festival, grind centipedes and small snakes, ants, cicadas, earthworms, centipedes, hair, etc. into powder and place them in front of the five plague statues carved in the room or box. After worshiping them for a long time, they will become poison. . Loach Gu: Soak bamboo leaves and poisonous poison in water to turn it into poisonous loach. Stone Gu: It is made by applying poison to random stones. Bamboo slices Gu: It is made by applying poison to bamboo slices. Golden Silkworm Gu: It is said that this kind of Gu is not afraid of guns and is the most difficult to get rid of; moreover, the Golden Silkworm Gu can also marry others with gold and silver. "Lingnan Health Prescriptions" says: The method of making voodoo is to seal hundreds of insects in a container so that they cannibalize each other. After a few years, if they are left alone, they can become voodoo and harm others. Historical records: "Zuo Zhuan·The Eleventh Year of Yin Gong" records that Zheng Bo attacked Xu and Ying Kao Shu was shot to death by a hidden arrow by the country's official Gongsun Yan (Zidu). After the war, in order to punish the murderer who shot Ying Kaoshu, Zheng Bo ordered the army to send out barbarians (boars), dogs, and chickens, and cursed and shot them. The "Zu Chu Wen" handed down from ancient times is believed to be King Hui of Qin's curse to King Huai of Chu. In the Han Dynasty, curses were very popular, so the law stipulated that those who cursed would be punished with death. Puppet shooters make idols of their enemies out of wood, soil or paper, hide them somewhere, and curse them every day, or shoot them with arrows or prick them with needles, thinking that this will make their enemies sick and die. In the later years of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the traitor Jiang Jiang falsely claimed that Emperor Wu's illness was caused by witchcraft, and used a pre-planted puppet to frame the prince. As a result, the prince and his family members were all killed, and tens of thousands of people were involved in the injustice before and after his death. In Chapters 25 and 81 of "Dream of Red Mansions", Aunt Zhao bribes the witch Ma Daopo to cut paper and the puppet maker to frame Sister Feng and Jia Baoyu, which also falls into this category. Poisonous poison refers to using poisonous insects to harm people. Also known as poison poisoning, poisoning, poisoning, etc., it is strictly prohibited by feudal laws. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been stipulated that those who poison people will be punished by beheading. In modern times, ethnic minorities in Fujian, Guangdong and southwest China practiced poisonous poison with many names. "Historical Records·Fengchan Book": "Mrs. Ding, Luoyang Yuchu and others used the Fang Temple to curse the Xiongnu and Dayuan Yan." "Hanshu·Wu Wuzi Biography": "During the reign of Emperor Zhao, Xu saw that his elder was young and had no children, and he was covetous. But the witch ghost in the Chu land, Xu, welcomed the witch Li Nuxu and made the gods curse him. When Xu found out about the curse, he was frightened and killed the witch and more than 20 people in the palace with poison to silence him. "Xu, means. Wenling Li Wang Liu Xu. "Book of Han·Biography of Wang Mang": "The clan sister was the wife of Wang Xing who was a member of the Wei army. She cursed her aunt and killed her maid to silence her. When the incident was discovered, Mang's envoy Zhongchang served as a servant to question the obstruction, and to blame Xing, they all committed suicide." "Xu Zi Zhi" Tongjian·Taizu of the Song Dynasty in the second year of Qiande: "Three hundred and twenty-six families who moved their livestock to the counties in Yongzhou lived in remote areas of the county and were not allowed to return to the countryside." Animal poisons are common in the county, but it is more common in Yichun. The method is to gather hundreds of insects on May 5th, ranging from big ones to snakes, and small ones to lice, put them together in a container, and let each other eat the remaining ones. It is called snake voodoo, and lice are called louse voodoo, and they act to kill people.
Because it enters the human belly and eats its five internal organs, if it dies, its products will be transferred to the home of the poison owner. If it does not kill others for three years, the livestock owner will recognize its disadvantages and pass it on from generation to generation. "Nanzhong Miscellanies" written by Liu Kun of the Qing Dynasty: "It is said from generation to generation that southerners can make voodoo... The chieftain of Yuanjiang passed down this method from generation to generation, and its medicine is the most poisonous and strange." Whenever a new county governor is appointed, a banquet will be held to welcome the wind, and the medicine will already be in his stomach. When he is a director, the medicine does not take effect immediately, but the pupils of his eyes turn black and turn blue, his complexion is yellowish, and his appearance is edematous. When he leaves office one month later, the door of the pavilion will be cured. " ——See Zhang Zichen's "Chinese Witchcraft". The cause of the disaster. In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), Gongsun Jingsheng, the son of Prime Minister Gongsun He, was accused of being a witch who cursed Emperor Wu and had an affair with Princess Yangshi. He and his son were imprisoned. After his death, Princess Zhuyi, Princess Yangshi, and Wei Qing's son Changping Houwei were all executed. Emperor Wu ordered his favored minister Jiang Chong to serve as an envoy to cure witchcraft. Jiang Chong had a gap with the prince Liu Zhi, so he framed the prince and interrogated the case. Hou Hanshuo, eunuch Su Wen and other four people framed the prince, and the queen Wei Zifu and the prince Liu Ju committed suicide one after another. Tian Qianqiu and others filed a lawsuit against the prince, and Emperor Wu was burned to death by the Yijiang Chong clan. Su Wen also built the "Simu Palace" at the place where the prince was murdered to commemorate the witchcraft case that occurred in Emperor Wu's later years. This case was a very important historical event in the Western Han Dynasty. The major political changes in Emperor Wu's late period. However, why this case occurred has always been confusing and has become a huge mystery in the history of Emperor Wu's life. Song Hongmai's "Rong Zhai Xu" says: "The disaster of witchcraft in the Han Dynasty." , although it started in Jiang Chong, there are still some unknown things that will happen. "What is witchcraft? The word "witchcraft" has never been mentioned in Dajie. The speaker may refer to the Gu hexagram in "Yi" (the "Gu" in the Yi hexagram is a borrowed text from the old man, and has nothing to do with witchcraft). ) are all unreasonable. Gu means bewitchment. The ancient sound of Gu refers to ghosts, ("Shuowen": "The ghosts of Jie Jie's death are also Gu.") It also refers to the so-called "witchcraft". ", that is, the art of witches and ghosts or the art of witchcraft (cursing). "Book of Han" states that witchcraft originated from barbarians. The origin of witchcraft actually comes from the shamanic witchcraft believed by the Huns. (Shaman) , Jurchen language, refers to shamans and witchcraft. "Three Dynasties Beimeng Huibian": "Shanman (shaman) is also a Jurchen language witch, because she is as flexible as a god." Its origin is very ancient, from Beidi and Donghu ( The specific method of witchcraft is to make a small puppet out of paulownia wood, write the name of the cursed person, birth date, etc. on it, then apply magic and curses to it, and bury it in the place where the cursed person is. The residence of the cursed person or nearby. Those who practice this magic believe that through such magic, the soul of the cursed person can be controlled or absorbed. In the late Warring States and Han Dynasty, due to the migration and mixing of ethnic groups, the wind of witchcraft gradually infected the Central Plains. From the lower class to the upper class, the famous Zou Yan was a great shaman in the late Warring States period. Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar during the reign of Emperor Wu, also wrote the Five Elements and Rain Prayer witchcraft, but Confucianism in the Han Dynasty was not. Many believed in witchcraft. It can be seen that during the reign of Emperor Wu, Queen Chen Ajiao fell out of favor and used witchcraft to curse her love rival Wei Zifu. After Emperor Wu found out, he deposed the witch Chu Fu and his palace officials. More than 300 people were implicated and executed ("Historical Records: A Family of Wife's Family" records, "(Empress Chen) heard that Wei Zifu was so lucky that many of them died. The emperor became even more angry. Empress Chen coerced the woman to flatter her and told her what happened. She was quite aware of this, so she deposed Empress Chen and appointed Wei Zifu as empress. "The so-called "taking advantage of a woman to flatter her", Sima Zhen's "Suo Yin" said: "The Book of Han said: 'The woman is sitting in Chufu and waiting to curse the empress. They were treasonous and unruly, and three hundred people were executed in a row. '") However, the impact of this case was still relatively small. The witchcraft disaster that started in November of the first year of Zhenghe lasted for several years, and the crown prince was implicated in the execution. , Empress Wei, the two prime ministers Gongsun He and Liu Quyou, the two princesses of Zhuyi and Yangshi, and the grandchildren of the three emperors, and also involved many ministers and important figures, such as Jiang Chong, Han Shuo, Zhang Gan, Su Wen, and Shi De , Zhao Ponu, Ren An, Bao Shengzhi, Tian Ren, Zhu Anshi, Shang Qiucheng, Zhang Fuchang, Li Shou, Ma Tong, Ma Heluo, Jing Jian, etc., the capital Chang'an caused tens of thousands of deaths in this political turmoil . As a result, it led to a serious political crisis in the upper echelons of the Han Empire, leading to unprecedented changes in the political situation in the later period of Emperor Wu. The occurrence of the Wu Gu Rebellion included four stages: (1) brewing and preparation (2) triggering of the incident (3). Conflicts intensified into turmoil in the capital (4) Rehabilitation and Cleansing During the reign of Emperor Wu, an epidemic epidemic occurred in the country. This epidemic may have originally come from the biological warfare launched by the Xiongnu. As Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty continued to launch large-scale strategic attacks against the Xiongnu, the royal court of the Xiongnu moved to Mobei. In order to stop the Han army, the Xiongnu used the shamanic witchcraft of "Hu Wu". One of the methods of "cursing the army" was to bury infected horses, cattle, and sheep in the water source where the Han army passed, or to bury infected horses, cattle, and sheep in the water source where the Han army passed. Infected horses infected with a virulent virus were released to the Han army, causing the Han army and livestock to become infected with the disease. ("Book of Han: Biography of the Western Regions" and notes) The disease spread back to Chang'an with the returning troops. The famous general Huo Qubing died young at the age of 24, which must have been due to contracting an incurable disease. (After the Yuan Shou Year, several Xiongnu chanyus died young and young, possibly due to epidemics. Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty also died of illness at the age of only twenty-one.) After the middle and late period of Emperor Wu, epidemics became prevalent in the country. (Zhang Hua's "Natural History" records: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, some people from the Western Kingdom of Weishuishatu took a horse cart to cross the Weishui River to offer incense. The emperor said that it was a permanent incense, which was not lacking in China, and he was disrespectful to the envoys. If you leave it for a long time, Fortunately, the emperor went to Linyuan and sent Qiancheng Yu to the west to hear it and play the incense. The emperor took it and found that it was as big as a swallow's egg. It was similar to a jujube. There is an epidemic all over the country. The Emperor does not wish to be happy, so the Western envoy begs to see him and burns a piece of tribute incense to ward off the epidemic.
The emperor had no choice but to listen, and the sick in the palace were sent to the hospital at the same time. Chang'an has a hundred miles of salty aroma. ) Many people in the Han Palace were infected with the epidemic. Emperor Wu also suffered from many diseases in his later years. "The Spring and Autumn Period is high, and there are many evil intentions", and "I think that both the left and right are cursed by the evil spirits." I suspect that I have been infected by witchcraft. "Book of Han: Chronicles of Emperor Wu" records: In the second year of the Han Dynasty (99 BC), "In the autumn, those who are in the shaman temple are forbidden to go to the Great Search." The so-called "Great Search", Chen Zan thought: "'Sou' means Search for traitors." Jin Zhuo's note: "Search for 'witchcraft'." The case of witchcraft occurred against the backdrop of an epidemic. Victims The first victim of the witchcraft case was the Gongsun Ao family, a famous general with outstanding military exploits. Gongsun Ao was a good friend of Wei Qing. He participated in many expeditions against the Xiongnu and was granted the title of marquis. In the first month of spring in the first year of Taishi, Gongsun Ao consecrated his wife to witchcraft and had her waist cut off. In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), someone reported that Gongsun Jingsheng, the son of Prime Minister Gongsun He, cursed the emperor with witchcraft. Gongsun He was born as a warrior and was a good friend of Wei Qing in his youth. He followed Wei Qing to conquer the Huns many times and was granted the title of marquis for his military exploits. He married Wei Zifu's sister Junru and was related to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, so he was highly regarded for a time. He was first a servant, and in the second year of Taichu (103 BC), he succeeded Shi Qing as prime minister. His son Gongsun Jingsheng took over the position of imperial servant. Father and son occupied the position of public minister together, and they favored Mobi for a while. However, Gongsun Jingsheng "domesticated his family members", was "arrogant and extravagant and refused to obey the law", and misappropriated "nineteen million of the Northern Army's money" without authorization. He was arrested after the incident. Gongsun He asked Emperor Wu to atone for his son's crime by performing meritorious service, and asked to hunt down Zhu Anshi, the Yangling hero who had long been wanted but was never brought to justice, in exchange for his son. After Zhu Anshi was captured by Gongsun He, he looked up to the sky and laughed, saying: If you kill one of me, I will destroy your clan. So he wrote a letter from prison to report, "Reporting that Jingsheng had an affair with Princess Yangshi, and that he had witches sacrifice and curse her, buried her in the sweet spring road of the palace, and said evil things to the emperor." According to the report, Emperor Wu issued an edict to Gongsun. He's family "has a subordinate to examine the case in the palace and deal with the crime." This is the origin of the witchcraft case. Those implicated in Gongsun He's case were Princess Zhuyi, Princess Yangshi, and Wei Qing's son, Changping Houwei and his wife. "In the spring and first month of the second year of Zhenghe, Prime Minister He was imprisoned." "The father and son died in prison, and the whole family was exterminated." ("Book of Han Gongsun He Biography") Gongsun He's wife is the sister of Empress Wei and the brother-in-law of Wei Qing. Princess Yangshi is the daughter of Emperor Wu and Queen Wei. A few months later, "the princesses of Zhuyi and Princess Yangshi all died of witchcraft". Gongsun He's case became the trigger that ignited the witchcraft case and the Chang'an coup. While correcting the Gongsun He case, Emperor Wu was already ill. "When I was ill, I went to Ganquan Palace to escape the summer heat", and "the only queen and prince were there" in Chang'an. However, Emperor Wu did not trust them, and entrusted the responsibility of correcting Gongsun He's case to the new prime minister Liu Quyou and the censor Zhang Gan. The person specifically investigating the case was Jiang Chong, a favorite with a complex and suspicious political background. Jiang Chong was a native of Handan, Zhao State, and was originally a scoundrel in the market. When he was young, he married his beautiful sister to Prince Zhao Liu Dan and became a guest of King Zhao. Later, he had an affair with Prince Zhao, so he went to Chang'an Palace to report Prince Dan's various illegal activities. Emperor Wu impeached the kings surnamed Liu and their families very severely. According to Jiang Chong's report, Prince Zhao was convicted and imprisoned. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised Jiang Chong and appointed him as an envoy to the Huns. Before his mission, Emperor Wu once asked him what his plan was for his mission, and he said that everything should be done according to circumstances. Jiang Chong had been active among the Xiongnu for nearly a year. After his return, he was reused. Emperor Wu appointed him as an imperial inspector with no fixed position, "directly pointing at the messenger of embroidered clothes", responsible for the security of the capital, "supervising the three auxiliary thieves, and prohibiting inspections and exceeding the regulations." While in office, Jiang Chong severely impeached the princes, nobles, relatives and their children, and dared to confront tough situations, so he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Wu. "The superior is loyal and upright, obeys the law, and what he says is what he says." For example, Jiang Chong once "impeached all the chariots and horses of Princess Tao, the aunt of the Emperor Wu, who was a guest in Chidao, and put them into the official position." He also punished the prince's family envoys who were galloping on the royal road. The prince personally came forward to intercede, but Jiang Chong didn't give him any face. After the Gongsun He case was over, Emperor Wu was trapped by the epidemic and lived in Ganquan Palace far away from Chang'an. Seeing that Emperor Wu was old, Jiang Chong was afraid that after his death, the crown prince would take the throne to retaliate against him. With the support of Prime Minister Liu Quyou, he decided to use Gongsun He's case to frame the crown prince and Queen Wei. "Book of Han·Biography of Jiang Chong" records: "(Jiang Chong) reported that the cause of illness was 'witchcraft'." "So I sent you Chong as an envoy to cure the witchcraft." He met Emperor Wu and said that the reason why Emperor Wu fell ill was due to the witchcraft. So Emperor Wu authorized Jiang Chong to set up a special case to further investigate "witchcraft". The case got bigger and bigger as the investigation progressed, so much so that Emperor Wu "suspected everyone on the left and right to be cursed by gu". Jiang Chong took the opportunity to instruct Hu Wu Tan He to deceive Emperor Wu, saying: "There is a lot of poison in the palace. If it is not eliminated, the disease will never heal (chài, the disease will be cured)." Emperor Wu believed his words and ordered Jiang Chong to enter the palace to treat him. They also sent Han Shuo, the Hou of Dao, Zhang Gan, the censor, and Su Wen, the eunuch of Huangmen, to assist Jiang Chong in supervising the operation. After Jiang Chong accepted the order to investigate the "witchcraft" case on a large scale in Chang'an, the "Zhi Shangyi" had long been dissatisfied with the Wei group, so he appointed a group of "Hu Wu" from the Xiongnu and the Western Regions. It is worth noting that most of these barbarians came from the Huns, the enemy of the Han Dynasty. The "Hu Wu" colluded with Jiang Chong, Luo Zhi framed him, implicated tens of thousands of people, and through the investigation of "Witch Gu", made the city of Chang'an a mess. In the end, the investigation was led to Prince Wei and Queen Wei in the palace. "Book of Han" records: "Chong will dig up the ground to seek a mate, hunt for poison and use night vision to see ghosts. If there is a problem with the tainted order, he will arrest him for inspection, burn him with iron tongs, and force him to be subdued. The people will turn around and make false accusations. With the help of witchcraft, the officials often impeached people for being treasonous and unethical, leaving tens of thousands of people dead." Jiang Chong personally led Hu Wu into the palace to search. "When you enter the palace and reach the province, the bad emperor sits down and digs in the ground.
"Chong first treated Mrs. Xi Xing in the harem, and then the queen's and the prince's uterus. They dug the ground horizontally and vertically, and there was no room for the prince and the queen to use their beds." " As a result, Jiang Chong indeed unearthed the Paulownia tree and the silk script with the incantation written in the Tai's palace. He proudly announced: "There are many wooden figures in the Tai's palace, and there are also silk books. What they say is unethical, and they should be reported to the public. . "In fact, all the witch puppets found in the Tai's palace and the palace were preset by Jiang Chong under the command of Hu witches and palace officials. "Hanshu" Yan Shigu's annotation quoted ""Sanfu's Old Stories" says:' (Jiang ) to make Hu Wu do it and bury it. ’” “Zhang Yan said: ‘(Jiang) arrests those who use witchcraft and performs night rituals in temples to offer curses, making the witches look like ghosts and defrauding them of drinking wine. ’ Shigu said: ‘To capture night temples and people who see ghosts, (Jiang) sent witches to pollute the ground as a place for temple sacrifices, in order to falsely accuse the people. '("Book of Han·Biography of Five Sons of Wu·Liu Ju of the Brutal Prince" records: "(Jiang) Chongdian was treating 'witchcraft'. Knowing what he meant, there was poison in Bai Yan's palace. He entered the palace and went to the province, destroying the throne and digging in the ground. The envoys Yingdao Hou Hanshuo, Yushi Zhang Gan, Huangmen Suwen and others assisted Chong. Then Chong went to the palace to dig out the poison and found the Tongmu people. "Wang Xianqian's Supplementary Notes to the Book of Han said: "Six pieces of Tongmu were found. Prick it with a needle.") Seeing that the injustice was about to be implicated on himself and his mother, Queen Wei, the prince was anxious and sought the opinions of his staff. Prince Shaofu Shide persuaded Liu Ju to kill Jiang Chong. He said: "Previously, Gongsun He and his son, the two princesses and the Wei family were framed and killed. Now Hu Wu has come to frame the prince again and has dug up the puppet. The emperor will not know that this is set by Hu Wu, will he Thinking that we really cursed him, we can't confess ourselves. Instead of waiting for death, we should kill Jiang Chong and Hu Wu. Has the prince forgotten that the former Qin Shihuang's prince Fusu was wronged and died?" ["The former prime minister and his son, the two princesses and the Wei family are all sitting here. Now the witch and the envoy are digging the ground for verification. I don't know the evil of the witch's placement. It is true and cannot be understood. At this time, Jiang Chong is very anxious to force the prince. The prince agreed to what Shi De said in desperation. On Renwu in the seventh month, the prince sent someone to pretend to be an envoy to arrest Jiang Chong and others. According to Dao Hou Han, Jiang Chong's assistant doubted the identity of the envoy and refused to accept the order, so he was killed by the messenger. The prince sent someone to report to the queen, distributed weapons to the guards, searched the whole city for people suspected of witchcraft, and announced to the officials that Jiang Chong had rebelled. The prince immediately killed Jiang Chong and executed the witchcraft masters in Shanglin Garden. After a brief exchange, Su Wen escaped and complained to Emperor Wu that the prince had rebelled. Emperor Wu did not believe it at first: "The prince must be afraid and angry, so there is such a change. " He sent an envoy to summon the prince, but the envoy did not dare to go to the prince. He reported back to Emperor Wu and said, "The prince has become a prince. He wants to kill his ministers, but they have fled back. "The father and son finally lost their last chance to communicate. Emperor Wu was furious after being deceived twice by Su Wen and others. He ordered Prime Minister Liu Qumo to lead his troops to quell the rebellion. The prince gathered tens of thousands of people and fought fiercely with the prime minister's army for five days. , tens of thousands of people died. In the end, the prince was weak and defeated, and the queen committed suicide. At this time, Emperor Wu was furious, but his ministers were afraid and did not speak. Mao wrote a letter saying: "If the prince advances, he will not be able to meet his superiors. If he retreats, he will be trapped by the troubled ministers. He will be blamed without complaining. He will not bear the anger and kills others. He will flee in fear. The son will steal his father's soldiers to save himself. I thought I had no evil intentions. " (When the prince entered, he could not meet the emperor. When he retreated, he was framed by rebellious ministers. He was wronged alone and had nowhere to appeal. He couldn't help but feel resentful and wanted to kill Jiang Chong. However, he was afraid of the emperor's punishment and was forced to flee. . As the son of His Majesty, the prince embezzled his father's army just to save himself from being framed by others. I don't think he has any sinister intentions.) "Wise men dare not speak, debaters dare not speak, and I feel sad. Of! However, Your Majesty is relieved and comforted. He will pay less attention to his relatives, so as not to worry about the prince's fault. He must immediately withdraw his troops and prevent the prince from dying for a long time! I am so overwhelmed that I have issued an order to wait for the crime, Jianzhang Palace! " (Wise people dare not speak, and eloquent people find it difficult to speak. I really feel sorry for it in my heart. I hope your majesty will relax your mind, be calm, don't be harsh on your relatives, don't be brooding about the prince's mistakes, and end the crusade against the prince immediately. , Don’t let the prince flee for a long time! I am loyal to your majesty, and I am ready to sacrifice my short life outside Jianzhang Palace.) Emperor Wu woke up and regretted it, but he did not forgive the prince, and the prince fled. There is a poor family in Hu County. The head of the household often sells his wife to support the prince. The prince has a rich old friend here. Liu Zhi sent people to find him and was discovered. The officials rounded up the prince. The prince committed suicide because he refused to be arrested. , the head of the household was also killed. In the third year of Zhenghe (90 BC), Emperor Wu was aware of the witchcraft, but could not overturn his previous actions. Xiaolang Guanda Qianqiu, who was guarding Gaodi Temple, wrote a letter at this time. The prince complained: "If a son cheats on his father's soldiers, he should be punished; if the emperor's son accidentally kills someone, why should he be punished?" I dreamed that I saw a white-headed man teaching me something. " Emperor Wu was enlightened, so he took the opportunity to step down and characterized the prince's being forced to raise an army as "the son was fighting the father's army." At the same time, he summoned Tian Qianqiu and said with profound meaning: "It is difficult for people to say that between father and son, the father is alone. Know otherwise. The god of this high temple entrusted me with teachings, and he was my assistant. " As a result, Tian Qianqiu was promoted several levels in a year and became the prime minister. Later, Emperor Wu was angry and exterminated Jiang Chong and Liu Quyou's family, burned Su Wen on the Hengqiao, and once used weapons against the prince in Quanjiu. The man who joined the throne was initially appointed as the governor of the North, but was later executed. Emperor Wu regretted that the prince was innocent, so he built a memorial in Hu County (now south of Didong Village, Yuling Town, Sanmenxia Lingbao County, Henan Province) where his beloved son died. The uterus and the platform to express one's grief after returning home made the whole world sigh.
The case of the violent prince greatly disturbed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, prompting him to issue the Luntai Edict to self-reflect on his actions in the past few decades, prohibiting cruelty, prohibiting good gifts, and focusing on local agriculture. Xiu Ma Zheng restored the order to fill the vacancy, leaving no shortage of military equipment and creating favorable conditions for Zhaoxuan Zhongxing. After the death of the crown prince, Emperor Wu refused to establish a crown prince. King Liu Dan of Yan, who was the eldest son of Emperor Wu at the time, requested to live in Chang'an (obviously intending to seek the crown prince position). Emperor Wu rebuked him and said: "If you give birth to a son, you should be placed in the ceremonial home of Qilu!" and punished King Yan and cut him off. Its three counties are Liangxiang, Anci and Wen'an. In February of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (Yichou), Emperor Wu was seriously ill. He finally decided to make Liu Fuling, the son of Mrs. Gou Yi of Zhao State, the crown prince. The next day, he appointed Huo Guang (Huo Qubing's half-brother) as the Grand Sima General, and ordered him and the Chariot and Cavalry General Jin Ri Xi, Zuo General Shangguan Jie, and imperial censor Sang Hongyang assisted the young master. Emperor Wu died on the third day. The prince has three sons and one daughter. The eldest son is Liu Jin, the grandson of Emperor Shi of the Han Dynasty (the father of Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty), and the other is the heir of Hou Shang Pingyu. All were killed due to the witchcraft rebellion, leaving only Liu Xun, the great-grandson of the emperor. Seventeen years later Liu Fuling died without any children. After the powerful minister Huo Guang deposed Liu He, he helped Liu Xun ascend the throne as Emperor Xuan. After taking the throne, Liu Xun issued an edict: The edict said: "Therefore, the crown prince is in the lake, and there is no posthumous name or shrine at the age of the year. He discussed the posthumous title and built a garden. "Yi." Liu Ju's posthumous title is "戾" ("Shuowen" in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "戾. Qu means coming from the dog out of the house. The person who is violent is bent and violent." Therefore, the word "戾" should take the meaning of being wronged) , so Liu Ju was also called the "Cruel Prince". On the surface, the tragedy of the Prison of the Brutal Prince is caused by many accidental factors, but in fact it stems from the struggle for "exclusive," "exclusive," and "lifelong hereditary" imperial power. It is the distortion of human nature by the desire for power. . Starting from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and extending to the unified Qin and Han dynasties, the life-long monarchy and hereditary throne became a system recognized by society. The monarch's power is supreme and unrestricted, and the monarch's absolute centralization of power has become an unquestionable concept. As a result, incidents of coveting and usurping the throne emerged one after another. Even among close relatives, the fight for the throne also led to one tragedy after another. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was bewitched by a traitor, and the villain took advantage of Emperor Wu's suspicion in his later years, which resulted in a tragedy between the originally close father and son.
Works involved: Black Color's "Ya She·Witch and Gu Puppet" Lu Qun's "Witch and Gu Puppet of Western Hunan" Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches "Witch and Gu Mystery Coffin" Tianhang D Series 04 "The Most Terrifying Last Words of the First Emperor of Qin"