Guangxu is Cixi’s nephew because Guangxu’s mother is Cixi’s sister.
Qing Dezong Aixinjueluo Zaitan was the eleventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the ninth emperor after his capital was Beijing. His father, Prince Chun, is Yixuan, and his biological mother, Yehenara Wanzhen, is the sister of the Empress Dowager Cixi. He reigned for thirty-four years and was named "Guangxu".
In December of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi, he was established as emperor by the empress dowagers of the two palaces. At first, the empress dowagers of Ci'an and Cixi listened to the government behind the curtain. After the death of Empress Dowager Ci'an in the seventh year of Guangxu's reign, Empress Dowager Cixi hung the curtain alone. In the 15th year of Guangxu's reign, Zaitan came to power personally. After that, although the government was nominally returned to Emperor Guangxu, in fact the power was still in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi.
Political measures:
After the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government suffered a complete defeat, ceded territory and paid indemnities, and was humiliated. Subsequently, the imperialist powers set off a frenzy to carve up China. The ancient motherland suddenly faced the catastrophe of national subjugation, and the contradiction between the Chinese nation and imperialism rapidly intensified.
At this time, representatives of the bourgeoisie, such as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, actively promoted and organized reforms in society to save the profound national crisis, and quickly formed a trend of the times that stirred up the country.