The ancients thought it was a great cold or a slight cold. "Give time, pass the exam": "The extreme cold is called' great cold'." The ancients thought that the Great Cold was "the coldest".
The article "December" in E Ertai's "Judge the Time" quoted the "Three Rites" and said: "The slight cold in December is also shaped by the great cold, so it is called' small', and the cold is still not extreme; Great cold is the middle, and the upper form is slight cold, so it is called' big'. Since the beginning of the sun on November 1, it has been completely clear, cloudy, exhausted, cold and extremely cold, so it is called' Great Cold'. "
This sentence can be understood as follows: the slight cold is called "slight cold" because it has not reached the extreme cold level, and the great cold is called "great cold" because the weather is the coldest. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan commented on "I Wei Ji Lan Tu" and said: "It is extremely cold from the 30 th to the 30 th after winter."
However, this interpretation of the ancients is somewhat contradictory to the results of modern climate observation. According to the statistics of data center of China Meteorological Bureau, the coldest weather in Chinese mainland in 65 years (1951-2015) occurred in slight cold, followed by winter solstice, with severe cold ranking third and beginning of spring ranking fourth. If we only compare the slight cold with the severe cold, the years of extremely cold weather during the slight cold are far more than those during the severe cold, which confirms the saying that "slight cold is better than severe cold".
So did the ancients confuse "slight cold" with "great cold"? How should we understand Han Xiao's "not exhausted" and Han Da's "cold rebellion" in the eyes of the ancients? In fact, the extremely low temperature does not conform to the feeling and performance of animals including humans, that is to say, when the temperature is coldest in meteorology, people do not necessarily feel the coldest.
When people feel "coldest", it is often the accumulated low temperature day, and the continuous low temperature after slight cold becomes "extremely cold" in the severe cold. This is the truth that "Rome was not built in a day". More importantly, the "cold" brought by the "several nine days" from winter to the future is the most serious in the severe cold season. Compared with the slight cold, it is naturally a "great cold".
It can be seen that the relationship between "small" and "big" is the relationship of growth and accumulation, rather than being measured and judged by the absolute value of temperature, which is the same as that of small summer heat and big summer heat. Therefore, the article "exhortation" in Ban Gu's White Tiger Yi Tong in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "What is the heat in Hitachi Xia Zhishi? Yin Qi started and Yang Qi advanced, so it was very hot. The solstice in winter starts from the sun and Yin Qi pushes up, so it is cold. "
Ancient yin and yang scholars demonstrated the relationship between "slight cold" and "great cold" from the perspective of "yin and yang" changes. There is a saying in Xiao Jing Wei compiled by Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty: "On the fifteenth day of slight cold, fighting for ugliness is a great cold. So far, Li Lie is very fierce. Lu Lu badminton, Lu Zhe refused, saying that Yang Qi would come out and Yin Qi refused. " In other words, during the great cold, there was a fierce conflict between Yin Qi and Yang Qi, and Yin Qi's reaction was quite great. After the severe cold in beginning of spring, the yang will gradually prevail, that is to say, the temperature will continue to rise and the cold will gradually dissipate.
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