What are the fork sizes of forklift trucks?
Fork dimensions of forklift trucks are generally 1070, 1220, 1550mm, and the first two are more!
Forklift fork cargo skills 1, forklift fork cargo
Forwarding procedure: The process of forking goods by forklift can be summarized as eight actions.
(1) approaching the stack. After the forklift starts, stop the forklift in front of the cargo pile according to the position of the cargo pile.
(2) Vertical portal frame. After the forklift stops, put the shift lever in neutral, and push the tilt lever forward to restore the mast to the vertical position.
(3) Adjust the fork height. Pull back the lifting rod to lift the fork, so that the fork tip of the fork is aligned with the gap under the goods or the fork hole of the pallet.
(4) fork up the goods. Put the shift lever into the first forward gear, and the forklift will move forward slowly, so that the fork will enter the gap under the goods or the fork hole of the consumption plate. When the fork arm touches the goods, the forklift will brake.
(5) micro-fork. Pull back the lifting rod and lift the fork to the height where the forklift can leave.
(6) Tilt the gantry backwards. Pull back the tilt lever to tilt the mast back to the limit position.
(7) Exit the cargo hold. Hang the gear lever, then reverse the gear and release the brake, and the forklift will retreat to the position where the goods can be put down.
(8) Adjust the fork height. Push the lifting rod forward and lower the fork to a height of 200 ~ 300mm from the ground. Drive back to the delivery point.
Operational requirements:
A, whether tilting the gantry or adjusting the height of the fork, it is required to move continuously and reach the designated position successfully at one time. Don't make repeated adjustments to improve work efficiency. When the fork picks up the goods, the speed of the fork can be controlled by the clutch.
B, when the fork completely enters the cargo gap or fork hole, stop and brake, put the gear lever in neutral, and then complete other actions.
C, forklift truck driving goods, gantry should generally be in the backward position. When special goods are forked so that the gantry cannot lean backwards, the gantry should also be in a vertical position. Otherwise, measures such as binding should be taken, and heavy-duty forklifts should never be allowed to travel with the gantry leaning forward.
Step 2 unload the goods with a forklift
Unloading procedure: The unloading process of forklift can be summarized as eight actions.
(1) Approaching the cargo hold. The forklift stopped at the unloading place, ready to unload.
(2) Adjust the fork height. Pull back the lifting rod, and the fork will be lifted to the height required for placing the goods.
(3) Alignment in the car. Put the shift lever in the forward gear, and the forklift will move forward slowly, so that the fork is above the goods (pallets) to be placed, and stop and brake.
(4) Vertical portal frame. Push the tilt rod forward, and the mast tilts forward and returns to the vertical position. When there is a slope, the portal frame is allowed to lean forward.
(5) Drop fork and unload. Push the lifting lever forward. Put down the fork slowly, put the goods (pallet) on the stack smoothly, and then leave the fork slightly away from the bottom of the goods.
(6) Return the car and draw a cross. Put the shift lever in the rear reverse gear and release the brake, and the forklift will retreat to the distance where it can drop the fork.
(7) Backward portal frame. Pull back the tilt lever and the mast will tilt back to the limit position.
(8) Adjust the fork height. Push the lifting rod forward, lower the fork to 200 ~ 300 mm from the ground, leave the forklift, drive to the pick-up place, and start the next round of pick-up and release operations.
Operation requirements: when operating the joystick, the action should be gentle and the speed should be appropriate. It is forbidden to suddenly raise or lower the fork to avoid damage or personal injury caused by scattered goods. When aligning the cargo space, leave a proper distance between the fork and the cargo space, so as to fine-tune the forklift to align it with the cargo space, and it is forbidden to kill. The vertical mast must be aligned with the cargo hold to ensure that the forklift moves with the mast backward. After the fork is unloaded, the height of the fork should be appropriate when pulling the fork. It is forbidden to drag or scratch the goods. When forking the tray, the fork should be aimed at the jack of the tray and inserted horizontally to avoid collision as much as possible.
3, forklift loading and unloading, stacking operation technical points
The maximum lifting weight of forklift refers to the maximum weight that forklift can load and unload goods when the center of gravity of goods is on the same vertical line with the loading center. The load center refers to the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the goods to the front wall of the vertical section of the fork. In general, the load center of the forklift is 400 ~ 600 mm, and when the center of gravity of the goods is within the load center, the forklift can carry out normal loading and unloading operations according to the rated lifting weight. When the center of gravity of the goods exceeds the range of the load center, the longitudinal stability of the forklift may be damaged, and the forklift cannot load and unload the goods according to the rated lifting weight, and an accident may occur. Therefore, the driver must load according to the loading center required by the forklift operating instructions. If the center of gravity of the goods exceeds the range of the center of gravity of the load, the loading capacity will be reduced accordingly to ensure the safety of driving operation.
Forklift trucks often carry short distances back and forth in workshops, freight yards or warehouses. However, the roads in these places are narrow and curved, and the lateral space of vehicles on narrow roads is very small. Excessive width of goods will affect traffic capacity, increase the probability of collision and scraping with other objects, and cause accidents. In operation, it is necessary to keep the minimum lateral safety distance from the obstacles on the left and right sides to avoid bumping and scraping. The faster the vehicle speed, the worse the stability of the vehicle, the greater the swing amplitude, the greater the requirement for the minimum safety distance, and the shortest distance between the forklift and the obstacle will also increase. When driving in a curve, the vehicle will produce centrifugal force, which is directly proportional to the vehicle speed. When the forklift reaches a certain limit, it is easy to roll over. So the speed must be slow when turning. In addition, fork-shaped goods are supported or clamped by their accessories, not tied, and often positioned by their own weight. At this time, the speed is fast, the stability of the car is poor, the swing range is large, and the stability of the goods is poor, which is easy to cause the danger of overturning the goods.
Generally, the engine of a forklift truck is longitudinally installed at the rear of the forklift truck, and the rear of the counterweight forklift truck is equipped with a counterweight. Therefore, the longitudinal stability is good under no-load condition. However, after loading, the center of gravity of the load is outside the contour of the wheel support, so there is a great possibility of longitudinal overturning. In practice, forklift trucks have different longitudinal stability when using different working accessories and operating methods. For example, when the forklift is working with a hook on the longitudinal slope, when the lifting gantry leans forward and the goods rise to the maximum lifting height of the forklift, the longitudinal stability of the forklift decreases a lot, and then the forklift is most likely to overturn vertically. When the forklift turns sharply on the slope, if the goods are lifted too high and the vehicle speed is too fast, it is likely to overturn sideways under the action of centrifugal force. The stability of forklift driving is also a crucial issue in safe operation. Therefore, in practical work, we should not only reduce the turning speed as much as possible, but also choose the route with gentle slope and large turning radius as much as possible, and appropriately reduce the center of gravity of the goods to improve the stability of the forklift. When driving, you should strictly abide by the operating rules and safety regulations, correctly handle various situations in operation, and ensure the safe operation of the forklift.
Familiarity with and understanding of the operating conditions and scope of forklifts is helpful for the correct selection and use of forklifts. Compared with other loading and unloading equipment such as bridge crane and gantry crane, forklift truck has the characteristics of small overall size, self-loading, loading operation, small running passage and small turning space. In actual operation, the forklift can also reduce L ~ 2 loading and unloading personnel, and never touch personnel during loading and unloading. From the point of view of direct loading and unloading, the safety is high. Because the forklift can load and unload, run and stack by itself, it has high loading and unloading efficiency, large loading and unloading capacity, small loading and unloading area during operation and high utilization rate of warehouse area. At the same time, the biggest feature of forklift is that it can cooperate with other loading and unloading machinery, so it is incomparable for other loading and unloading machinery to use forklift to cross the workshop for loading and unloading stacking, especially for quantitative and timed loading and unloading on the assembly line.
Forklift trucks can also be used as tractors and tractor flatbeds to input and output goods to the conveying equipment on the assembly line. If the forklift is equipped with various accessories, it can also load and unload goods with various special shapes.
There are also some limitations and shortcomings in loading and unloading with forklift: for example, when the loading and unloading distance of goods is too long or exceeds 150m, it is obviously uneconomical, and the gantry will shake when loading and unloading with forklift; The road surface of forklift running line has certain leveling requirements.
When choosing a forklift truck, it can meet the requirements of driving passage and road surface, that is, flat road surface or road surface with inevitable slag and scrap metal. It is best to use a forklift with solid tires. If the road is uneven, you should choose a forklift with pneumatic tires. When stacking or effectively using the space of the freight yard and warehouse, you should choose a high gantry forklift or a multi-stage gantry forklift with a large lifting height. When working in a warehouse with low door frame or low space height, you can choose a forklift with low door frame (low lifting height) or a forklift with free lifting fork to work when entering the container.
In forklift operation, the maximum load of forklift shall not exceed the rated lifting weight at the specified load center of gravity. If the center of gravity of the goods changes (for example, the center of gravity of the goods rises), its loading capacity should also be reduced accordingly. Adjust the distance between forks according to the size of the goods, so that the weight of the goods is evenly distributed between the two forks. Do not lift the embedded parts with a fork. If necessary, calculate the pulling force first. When the fork is inserted into the cargo pile, the fork frame should lean forward; After the goods are loaded into the fork, the fork frame should be tilted backwards, so that the goods can be driven only after they are close to the fork wall. When lifting a forklift truck, it should generally be carried out in a vertical position. When loading and unloading, the fork ear must be stabilized with a hand brake. Don't stand under the fork, and don't be lifted by people on the fork. When the goods rise and fall, the speed should not be too fast. When the fork tilts back and forth to the limit position or rises to the maximum height, the operating handle must be quickly placed in the middle rest position. When operating one handle, be careful not to move the other handle. When lifting goods, it should generally be carried out in the vertical position of the gantry. When the goods are moving, the fork should be about 300 mm from the ground, and emergency braking and sharp turning are not allowed. Forklift trucks are not allowed to stop for a long time on steep slopes, nor are they allowed to go downhill quickly. If necessary, they should walk backwards. When carrying large-volume goods, if the goods block the driver's sight, the forklift should drive backwards at a low speed. It is forbidden to idle the engine unattended after parking, and it is not allowed to hang the goods in the air when the driver leaves the driving position. When the forklift truck stops halfway and the engine is idling, it should be tilted back to recover the gantry. When the engine stops, it should lower the car and lean forward to land the fork. During operation, if suspicious noise or abnormal phenomenon is found, stop the vehicle for inspection quickly and take timely measures to eliminate it. "Working with illness" is not allowed. After the forklift stops, tighten the handbrake, put the shift lever in neutral, and turn off the engine after idling for 2 ~ 3 minutes; Drain the cooling water at low temperature, check the fastening of all parts, clean the dirt inside and outside the car, and eliminate oil leakage.
4. Preparation and use of accessories before forklift operation.
(1) Preparation before forklift operation
Check whether the water in the radiator is full before driving; Whether the oil level is within the scale range of the dipstick; Whether the fuel in the fuel tank is sufficient; Whether there is leakage in each oil pipe joint and water pipe joint. Check whether the free travel of clutch pedal and foot brake pedal is normal and whether the braking is flexible and reliable. Check the pipelines and joints of each system for damage, looseness, oil leakage, water leakage and air leakage (especially the lifting system and hydraulic system; And brake system). Check whether the electrical connectors, lines and lighting are intact and firm, and whether the electrical equipment and signals are normal; Whether the liquid level and specific gravity of the battery meet the requirements; Whether the generator is charged; Whether the air pressure of front and rear tires meets the requirements, remove stones and inclusions embedded between tire tracks. Check whether the fastening bolts and nuts are loose.
Before driving, the engine will run at idle speed for about 5 minutes after starting, and the water temperature will rise above 60℃ before working at full load. When idling, check whether the readings of various instruments meet the specified requirements or make repairs. Before driving, carefully check the braking system, which must be sensitive and reliable, otherwise it should be adjusted.
When the forklift is working, it starts at a low gear; After starting, test whether the brakes and steering are in good condition; When driving, first step on the clutch and then change the position of the shift lever; When the forklift needs to change its driving direction, it should stop before moving on. When going down a steep slope, you should use the "slow" speed gear and press the brake pedal intermittently at the same time; When running uphill, you must also switch to the "slow" speed gear in time; When turning, you should slow down in advance; It is not allowed to slide with the clutch disengaged, and it is not allowed to put your feet on the clutch pedal when driving. When stepping on the clutch, the separation should be rapid and the combination should be stable.
(2) Precautions for using accessories
Accessories, also known as multi-devices, are the best tools to give full play to the versatility of forklift trucks. It is required to replace all kinds of working accessories on the forklift based on the fork, so that the forklift can meet the needs of various working conditions. Common large warehouses, stations, ports, especially machinery enterprises, are inseparable from forklift operations when loading, unloading and carrying goods. Common forklifts are equipped with a pair of forks with different shapes, which are the simplest and most commonly used working accessories of forklifts, and are used to carry parts with different shapes and weights. Goods can also be put in pallets or special boxes, and then loaded, unloaded or carried with forks. Therefore, it is an important part of forklift. When the forklift is running, it bears the impact of the uneven road surface on the fully loaded fork, and at the same time it also bears the inertial load, which forms the unfavorable working conditions such as unbalanced load and dynamic load in the operation of the fork. In addition, during forklift operation, the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal section of the fork not only bear loads, but also bear frequent wear and impact with the ground or objects. Therefore, low alloy steel, medium carbon steel, alloy steel and spring steel are commonly used in manufacturing fork, and heat treatment must be carried out at the same time to improve the wear resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties of fork.
When using accessories, attention should be paid to the maximum lifting weight specified on the brand name of accessories and its instructions for use, so as to prevent the goods from being lifted with fork tips; In the case of low temperature and severe cold, pay attention to the freezing inside the material pile when using the tipping bucket, and do not shovel it directly into the material pile; When using the boom hook, pay attention to the shaking of the goods while driving.
In the use of forklift trucks, the thickness and length of paired forks should be roughly equal, and the included angle between the vertical section and the horizontal section of forks should also be consistent. After two forks are installed on the fork frame, the upper horizontal plane should be kept in the same plane. Must strictly abide by the operating rules, no overloading or long-distance handling of goods; When handling objects that are too long or whose center of gravity cannot be determined, there should be a special person to direct them, so be extra careful. When the goods are forked, the distance of the forks should be suitable for the width of the goods. The fork should be inserted as deep as possible under the load, and the load should be stabilized under the condition that the gantry leans backwards to the minimum to prevent the load from sliding. When the load is reduced, the gantry can be slightly tilted forward to safely lower the goods and pull out the forks. When operating, the fork should drive at a low speed as far as possible, preferably 30 ~ 40 mm above the ground, and the gantry should lean back appropriately. During driving, you are not allowed to lift the fork at will, turn on the ramp and drive across the slope. Forks are not allowed to turn the pallet over to unload. It is not allowed to shovel dangerous goods and inflammables directly with a fork; It is not allowed to fork goods with single fork operation or inertial force; It is not allowed to use braking inertia to slip round or easily roll goods.