Teaching design of "two short essays" in the first volume of Chinese teaching plan for eighth grade of People's Education Press
Tao hongjing
learning target
1, learn about Tao Hongjing's literature.
2. Grasp the content and emotional tone of the article as a whole.
3. Be familiar with the text and understand the main idea of the article.
4. Learn the concise language of the article and feel the beautiful artistic conception.
5. Recite and memorize the full text.
Learning focus
1, literary common sense, words (? Rest, depression, and? ) the explanation of basic knowledge and other words.
2. Learn the concise language of the article and feel the beautiful artistic conception.
learning disorder
Feel the purity and beauty of nature in the works, and feel the thoughts and feelings contained in the words.
Knowledge link
1, author profile
Tao Hongjing (456-536), a native of Liling (now Jiangning, Jiangsu) in the Southern Dynasties, lived in seclusion in Huayang. Liang was a Taoist thinker and physician in the Southern Dynasties. Shi Qi is in the left back hall to worship the general. Enter the beam and live in seclusion. He used to be a servant of the king because he saw through the turbid world. Although I am in Zhumen, I don't care about foreign things, but only study. ? ("Southern History") After seclusion, he was sentenced to Qushan, but? Whenever a country wins an important good or bad event, it always asks for advice. There are often several letters in the middle of the month. When are people called? Prime Minister shinya yamanaka? .
2. Background information
( 1)? Books? What kind of style is it?
Books are letters, and ancient books are also called? A ruler? Or? Letters? , is an application style. However, China's applied style has never rejected the aesthetic literary attribute, especially the integration of letters, and China's ancient lyric prose began with letters. The combination of practicality and aesthetics of letters is perfect. Letters of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties focus on practicality, and most scholars have no intention of writing them as aesthetic works.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the works of some literati, the practical function of letters was obviously weakened and the aesthetic expression was strengthened day by day. Some letters are intentionally written as pure literary works (see the preface to China's Letters Literature History by Zhan). The literary works of letters with letters of letters can be lyrical, such as Sima Qian's letter to Ren 'an and Lin Juemin's letter to his wife.
You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "With Zhu Yishu"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan. You can also talk about literature, such as Cao Pi's Book of Martial Arts. Talking about politics, such as Ouyang Xiu's On Du Zhongcheng's Official Book; You can also visit dignitaries, encourage later study and so on, forming a unique tradition of calligraphy and prose. Like other styles, Ju Chi also pays attention to the layout and quality of articles. Besides, you don't have to use all the letters? Books? Words are marked, such as Su Shi's Ziyou Emperor and Answering Qin Taixu.
(2) Historical background
The Book of Appreciation was written in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During this period, due to the political turmoil and sharp contradictions, many literati often hid in the mountains and sought spiritual liberation from the natural beauty. Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Maoshan because he saw through the troubled times. In their letters, these literati often describe mountains and rivers and show their interests as a comfort to their friends, which is exactly the case in this paper.
3. Title explanation
"Thank you Uncle Zhong" is a letter written by Tao Hongjing to Zheng Xie. This letter praised the beautiful scenery on the south bank of the Yangtze River. There are only 60 words, which sum up the ancient and modern times, including the four seasons, taking into account the twilight, mountains and rivers, animals and birds, lyric comments and all kinds of things. It can be said that scales can accommodate thousands of miles, and words can serve hundreds of meanings. It is a masterpiece of landscape sketches in the Six Dynasties. Xie Zhongshu is Zheng Xie, with a degree in character. Chen is from Xia. He wrote a good book, so he called it Xie Zhongshu.
Autonomous learning
1, "Thank you for writing a book" is written by, with bright words and self-numbering.
A Taoist thinker and medical scientist at that time was called it by people at that time.
2, pinyin writing:
Want to slaughter in the west? () sink scales j? Ng () can't even recover from jumping, and () is amazing.
3. Explain the words added in the sentence:
(1) five-color intersection ()
(2) Be ready at four o'clock.
(3) The fog will be still at dawn ()
(4) The West is about to decline ()
(5) Zoom and Jump ()
(6) Answering irrelevant questions (6) Surprising people click to enter the junior high school learning group.
4. Write the rhetorical methods of the following sentences:
(1) The fog will rest and the apes and birds will sing ()
(2) The sun is fading, but the scales are sinking ()
5. Translate sentences:
(1) The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times.
(2) There are green forests and bamboos all the time.
(3) I want to be depressed at night and sink my scales.
(4) entertain yourself, and there are wonders.
Cooperative investigation
6. The sentence that dominates the full text is: the word named the center of the full text.
7. What scenes did the author write when describing his seclusion? How to describe this fascinating nature and the beauty of mountains?
8. What does the last sentence mean?
9. Wang Guowei Yun: Everything is emotional? . What thoughts and feelings does this article reflect?
10. How many layers is this article divided into? Write the main idea of each layer.
Intensive reading and refining
Read the appreciation book and complete 1 1- 13.
The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times. The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off. Green Woods, green bamboo clusters, four. The fog will rest at dawn, and apes and birds will sing wildly. Night is coming and the scales are sinking. It's really the fairy capital of the world of desire, and since it's entertaining itself, it's nothing strange.
1 1, the topic sentence of this article is.
12, explain the words added in the sentence:
(1) The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times.
(2) When the fog breaks at dawn, apes and birds sing.
(3) If you want to be depressed at night, you will sink your scales and jump.
13, fill in the blanks:
? Peak into the clouds, crystal clear? Display. ? Stone walls on both sides of the strait, five colors meet? Display. ? The morning mist will rest, and apes and birds will sing; Want to be depressed and jump at night? Reflects the beauty of change in the morning and evening.
Subject reading
A letter to Zhu Yuan
Wu Jun
The wind and smoke are clean, and the Tianshan Mountains are colorful. Floating from the stream, anything. From Fuyang to Tonglu, it is unparalleled in the world.
The water is blue, and thousands of feet bottoms out. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them. If fierce wave is in a hurry, the arrow will fly faster.
The mountains near the shore are all cold trees, competing for novelty and beauty, competing for the high finger peak. Spring rock, crisp; Good birds sing, they rhyme. Cicadas are endless, and apes are endless. People flying in the sky, watching the peaks rest; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets to betray. The horizontal branches are covered, and the day is still faint; The thin strips set each other off, and sometimes the sun shines.
14, explain the following text.
(1) Tianshan * * * color () (2) Hengke ()
(3) One hundred miles () (4) Violent waves rush ()
(5) Negative potential competition ()
(1) The wind and smoke are clean, and the Tianshan Mountains are * * * colored.
(2) The rapids are like arrows, and if fierce wave surges.
(3) Negative potentials compete with each other; Strive for higher heights, Qianfeng.
16, please fill in the blanks with sentences according to the text.
(1) The author uses the technique of setting off to write clear sentences:
(2) The sentence that dominates the whole text is:
(3) In terms of hearing, the sentence describing the scene of birds singing in the mountains is:
(4) The sentence that always describes people's feelings in this environment is:
Ability improvement
17, according to the book notes of Modern Chinese Dictionary, books? It means: the book (sh ū) 1 is written; Record; Writing. 2 fonts. (3) Binding books. Four letters. ⑤ file.
Please choose one of the following words? Books? The meaning of. (1) Books-()
(2) Writing -() (3) Letters-()
(4) Regular script -() (5) Judgment-()
18, read the following carefully and imitate the sentences.
Country, dusk.
Peace hangs over the countryside.
Happiness, only in this way, does not need many beautiful scenery.
Farmhouse, cooking smoke.
Warmth and beauty echoed in the countryside.
Happiness, only in this way, does not need many moving pictures.
Postscript of teaching (learning)
Reference answer
Admit China's book
1, Huayang, Tao Hongjing, Prime Minister of Liangshan in Southern Dynasties, living in seclusion.
2. fight for y?
3.( 1) Complement each other (2) Four seasons (3) Dissipation (4) Falling (5) Competition: a hundred schools of thought contend; Jump: jump, which means jumping out of the water. (6) participation, here refers to appreciation.
(1) Duality (2) Metonymy and Duality
5.( 1) The magnificence of mountains and rivers has been shared by people since ancient times.
(2) The dense forest is green with bamboo and evergreen all the year round.
(3) Every evening, when the sun sets, you can see fish jumping in the water.
(4) Lingyun, Kasper?, no one can enjoy this wonderful scenery.
6, the beauty of mountains and rivers, talk about the beauty of ancient times.
7. Scenery written: peaks, clear streams, stone walls, green forests and bamboos, mist, apes and birds, and sunset scales. Description: from looking up at the peak to overlooking the clear stream, then write some scenery on both sides of the flowing water up, down, left and right, and then describe the colorful colors on the cliff, which is a description of static scenery; And then what? Chaos? 、? Competition? These two words vividly describe the attitude of apes, birds and fish enjoying themselves in nature, which is a description of moving scenery.
8. The last sentence expresses the author's pride and looks forward to being on an equal footing with Xie Gong.
9. The scenery described in this paper does not stop at the scenery itself, but captures the soul of the scenery, that is, the vitality of all things in nature. Through the changes of height, distance, movement and the three-dimensional sense of vision and hearing, it conveys the joy of life that is integrated with nature, reflecting the author's enthusiasm for nature and interest in seclusion.
10, the full text can be divided into four layers.
The first layer (the first sentence): the general sentence, starting with emotion.
Second floor (from? Peak cloud? Arrive? All at four o'clock? ): describe the quiet beauty of mountains and rivers.
The third floor (from? Will the morning fog stop? Arrive? Diving and jumping? ): Describe the morning and evening scenes of nature.
Fourth floor (last two sentences): Feel the beauty of nature.
1 1, the beauty of mountains and rivers, talk about the past and discuss the present.
12, (1) particle, Germany
(2) verbs, dissipate
(3) verbs, nouns, refers to the diving fish.
13, the beauty of mountains and rivers, the beauty of color matching
14 and (1) are the same
(2) branches
(3) Up and down, indicating approximate quantity.
(4) Running horses
(5) strive for progress
15, (1) The wind on the river stopped, the smoke dispersed, and the sky and the distant mountains showed the same color.
(2) The rushing water is faster than an arrow, and the surging waves are as fierce as a galloping horse.
(3) Mountains strive for higher and higher by virtue of (high) terrain; Go straight to the sky and form countless peaks.
16, (1) fine stones, look straight at the fine stones.
(2) Strange mountains and strange waters, chinese odyssey.
(3) The spring stirs the stone and keeps ringing; Good birds sing, they rhyme.
(4) People flying in the sky want to have a rest; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets rebellion.
A Letter to Zhu;
The wind on the river stopped, the smoke dispersed, and the sky and mountains showed the same color. (I'm in the same boat) drifting with the current, sometimes east, sometimes west. The waterway from Fuyang to Tonglu, about 100 miles apart, is unique in the world.
The river is bluish white and the deep water is crystal clear. You can directly see swimming fish and tiny stones. The rushing water is faster than an arrow, and the surging waves are like galloping horses.
The mountains on both sides of the river are covered with green trees, which seems to make people feel chilly. These mountains are competing to grow by virtue of their (high) topography, and they all seem to be competing to extend to high places and distant places; Go straight to the sky and form countless peaks. The spring rushed on the stone and made a sound; Beautiful birds sing in harmony with each other, singing in harmony.
Cicada sings for a long time (in the tree), and ape sings all the time (in the mountain). People who chase fame and fortune flying like kites will see these magnificent peaks and calm their hearts keen on fame and fortune; Those who plan government affairs and manage the secular world will linger when they see these beautiful valleys. Oblique branches cover it, even during the day, it is as dark as dusk, and sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes the sun can be seen.
17、
(1)③ Binding works
(2)① writing; Record; write
(3)④ letters
(4)② Font
(5) documents
18, reference example: Xiaohe, juvenile. Youth is in the middle of the river. Happiness, only in this way, does not need many sweet scenes.
Teaching Design of Night Tour in Chengtian Temple
Quality education goal
1, the overall perception of the content of the work;
2. Experience the artistic conception;
3. recite this article;
4. Cultivate a sense of language in classical Chinese.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Key points: perceive the main idea of the work as a whole and recite this article.
Difficulties: Understand the artistic conception of classical Chinese and cultivate a sense of language.
teaching process
First, import
Teacher: During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a great writer who was called by his father and brother? Susan? Think about it, who is this great writer?
Health:? (1)
Teacher: Su Shi was born in a poor intellectual family. 265,438+0 years old is a scholar. His life was bumpy and difficult, and he was demoted several times. The Night Tour of Chengtian Temple that we are going to learn today was written when he was exiled to Huangzhou, Hubei. Please open the text and let's enjoy this article about moonlight.
Second, regular classes.
1, let the students know the learning objectives of this lesson (showing the blackboard: quality teaching objectives)
2. Demonstrate reading the text (ask students to listen carefully and master the rhythm of the article)
3. Students can read freely (reading interest and charm)
Read and think: What is the main point of this article?
4, students self-study, clear self-study tasks:
Show the small blackboard: (1) dredge the words; (2) Understand the meaning of the text.
5, check the self-study situation (point the answer, in the process of inspection, students cooperate with each other)
Third, in-class training.
Breakthrough (through the last round of self-study, to test the situation of self-study! )
Athena Chu 1:
Then () sleep () grow () cypress ()
2, explain:
Solution: Sui: Sense: Step:
Read; Phase; Dan; Idle people;
3. Translation:
(1) Take off your clothes and sleep, enter the house in the moonlight, and start happily.
Translation:
(2) Under the court, the water is clear, the algae are interlaced, and the bamboo and cypress are hidden.
Translation:
(3) Why is there no moon at night? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
Translation:
4. Point out the rhetorical devices of the following sentences.
(1) algae in the water, horizontal, covered with bamboo and cypress shadow. ( )
(2) Why is there no moon at night? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? ( )
5. "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" was written by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Asking questions: (If you pass successfully, you must be full of confidence. Keep trying! )
6、? Huai Min is still awake? Medium? Sleep? The pronunciation of this word is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which means _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Please write an idiom with the same meaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
7、? If the water is empty, the algae in the water will cover the bamboo and cypress. The object of this sentence is _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ? Seaweed? Seaweed? It means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
8. Fill in the blanks in the original text.
(1) The reason why the author wants to visit the temple is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The sentence describing the night tour scenery of Chengtian Temple is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
9、? What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us. ? How to understand this sentence?
Fourth, try
Pass? Training in class? In this link, you must have a good grasp of the content of the text, so start a new attempt: recite this article on the basis of understanding!