In the vicissitudes of ancient Chinese history, counselors played a very important role in promoting historical development. Either with their extraordinary wisdom, their sharp tongue, or their courage and loyalty, they contributed countless classic strategies to the battles of heroes and emperors in the past.
Wu Zixu
Wu Zixu (559 BC - 484 BC), a famous official, named Zixu, was a native of Jiaoyi, Chu State. He was a senior official and military strategist of Wu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Wu Zixu (at that time) avenged his father and brother with three hundred lashes, and after a sudden education, the kings did not dare to underestimate the world's subordinates. It has been difficult to eliminate the hatred of the family and the country for thousands of years, and look at it, there are still two volumes of Zhejiang tide. Wu She, the father of Wu Zixu, was the Taifu of Prince Chu Ping. Because of Fei Wuji's slander, he and his eldest son Wu Shang were killed by King Chu Ping. Wu Zixu fled from Chu to Wu and became an important minister of the King of Wu. He was the builder of Gusu City (Suzhou City). There is a Xu clan in Suzhou to this day. In 506 BC, Wu Zixu and Sun Wu led troops to invade the capital of Chu. Wu Zixu dug up the tomb of King Chu Ping and whipped three hundred corpses to avenge his father and brother. The State of Wu relied heavily on the plans of Wu Zixu and others, defeated the powerful Chu in the west, and defeated Xu, Lu, and Qi in the north, becoming the hegemon among the princes. Wu Zixu repeatedly advised King Wu Fu Chai to kill Gou Jian, but Fu Chai refused to listen. Fu Chai was eager to enter the Central Plains of Tu and led his army to attack Qi. Wu Zixu once again advised Fu Chai not to attack Qi for the time being and to destroy Yue first, but he was rejected. Fu Chai listened to Taizai Bo Pei's slander that Wu Zixu was plotting to rely on Qi to rebel against Wu, so he sent someone to give Wu Zixu a sword and ordered him to commit suicide. Before Wu Zixu committed suicide, he said to his retainers: "Please dig out my eyes and place them on the east gate. I want to watch the Kingdom of Wu perish." Nine years after Wu Zixu's death, the Kingdom of Wu was destroyed by a sneak attack by the Yue Kingdom.
Fan Li
Fan Li (536 B.C. - 448 B.C.), courtesy name Shaobo, was of the Huaxia ethnic group. During the Spring and Autumn Period, he was one of the three households in Wandi, Chu State (now Tao City, Xichuan County, Henan Province). Hexiang) people. A famous politician, military strategist, Taoist scholar and economist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Fan Li (Jiuzhu) mediates the two kingdoms of Wu and Yue, sweeps the five lakes in the mist, and respects the sage of goods and colonization; he uses the king to govern animal husbandry, uses beautiful women to perform the art of You, and uses the barbarians to eliminate troubles. Fan Li helped Gou Jian revitalize the Yue Kingdom and destroy the Wu Kingdom, thus averting the humiliation of Kuaiji. After becoming famous, he bravely retreated from the rapids, changed his name to Gui Yizipi, and traveled among the seventy-two peaks. During this period, he became extremely wealthy by doing business three times and scattered his family wealth three times. He named himself Tao Zhu Gong. He wrote two chapters of "Fan Li", now lost. Fan Li was an early Taoist scholar and one of the pioneers of Chu Studies. He was respected as "Shang Sage" by later generations. To govern, to govern, to govern. A Maharaja is a person who is respected for his morality, articles, or high status. Youshu is like a strategy; strategy. Guiyi: "Historical Records Huozhi Zhuan": Fan Li took a boat and floated in the rivers and lakes, changed his name and surname, and became Guiyi Zipi. "
Guiguzi
Guiguzi (400 BC - 320 BC), surnamed Wang, given name Xu, also known as Wang Chan, Wang Li, nicknamed Xuanweizi. Guiguzi is a symbol of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that Guiguzi, a representative figure of Taoism during the Warring States period and the originator of the strategists, often went to the mountains with Mozi to collect herbs and practice Taoism. Because he lived in seclusion in Guigu, he called himself Mr. Guiguzi (Ke'er). People may only have a glimpse of it; it is irrelevant whether it is true or false, and it is enough to get half of Shi Gong's work. As a summary of the strategist's lobbying experience, it incorporates the essence of Gui Guzi's lifelong academic research. "Historical Records: Biography of Su Qin": "Su Qin was a native of Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Dongshi learned from Qi, and learned from Mr. Guigu. "Historical Records·Biography of Zhang Yi": "Zhang Yi was from Wei." For the first time, he and Su Qin worked together with Mr. Guigu, an academic. Su Qin felt inferior to Zhang Yi. ”
Sun Bin
Sun Bin was a military strategist and representative figure in the early Warring States Period in China. Sun Bin’s original name is unknown. He was named Sun Bin because he had been tortured. Sun Bin was born between A and Juan (today’s Acheng Town, Yanggu County, and the northern area of ??Juancheng County, Heze City, Shandong Province) are descendants of Sun Wu. Sun Bin (Liu Nian) and his comrade Ze Ze have not achieved fame, but they are not worthy of fighting with each other, and their love and hatred have turned into trees in front of the mountains. The failure of Tao strategy was something he had in mind, and the war could not be discussed on paper. Sun Bin was once a classmate of Pang Juan. He was tortured by Pang Juan and became physically disabled. Later, with the help of Qi's envoys, he defected to Qi and was appointed by King Wei of Qi. As a military advisor, he assisted Qi general Tian Ji to defeat Pang Juan twice, and won the battles of Guiling and Maling, establishing Qi's hegemony. Cutting off the feet will cause injuries, and tattooing will make them useless. Who would have thought that returning home would be a great benefit. To save Zhao Quliang, his energy has been taken away. Decrease the firepower to lure him, and he will rush to death quickly. Ten thousand crossbows and horse mausoleums cannot be avoided. Whose intention was it for Shuzi to become famous? "
Lu Zhonglian
Lu Zhonglian, also known as Lu Lian, respectfully called "Lu Zhonglianzi" or "Lu Lianzi", was a native of Qi State at the end of the Warring States Period. Lu Zhonglian ( Ma Xiaowang) debated how to let Su Zhang, with a few words of arrows, steadily drive his troops for three thousand miles; at the highest position, he turned against the mountains and rivers, only sleeping on the clouds, not caring about the sound of wind and rain in the rivers and lakes. Captain Lu Zhong was good at elucidating the unique, magnificent and extraordinary stories. He wanted to make plans, but he refused to serve as an official. He once traveled to Zhao State. "Historical Records of Lu Zhonglian and Zou Yang Biography" said that Lu Zhonglian was a Qi man who was curious about the great and suave paintings. It is good to maintain high integrity when serving as an official. In 284 BC, Yan general Le Yi led the five-nation coalition to sweep across the Qi State and captured more than 70 cities in Qi within half a year. Except for the two cities of Ju and Jimo, the entire Qi State was vast. The area was tragically occupied, but Lu Zhonglian used his words to help Qi capture Liaocheng, and defeated the enemy's millions of soldiers with one arrow, creating a miracle in the history of Chinese military and debate. Lord Pingyuan wanted to reward Lu Zhonglian, but Lu Zhonglian refused. He accepted it and gave Lu Zhonglian a thousand gold coins as a gift, but Lu Zhonglian still refused.
Finally, Lu Zhonglian, who abandoned money like dirt and regarded wealth like floating clouds, said: "For people in the world, the most valuable quality is to help others solve problems without asking for anything in return. If you take something, then It's just a businessman's business, I don't want to do it." He drifted away.
Lü Buwei
Lü Buwei (292 BC - 235 BC), with the surname Jiang, Lu family, and Buwei, was a native of Puyang (now Hua County, Anyang City, Henan Province). In the late Warring States period, he was a famous businessman, politician, and thinker, and became the prime minister of Qin. Lu Buwei (of the Tang Dynasty) talked about hoarding rare goods, financing government affairs, and governing the world as a king. From then on, officials and businessmen became sworn friends. So he learned from many experts, traded money and words, and was very wise in debugging. It turns out that success or failure can be speculated on. In 251 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin died. Prince An Guojun succeeded to the throne and became King Xiaowen of Qin. He died a year after his death. Crown Prince Yingzi Chu succeeded to the throne and became King Zhuangxiang of Qin. In 249 BC, Lu Buwei was appointed as the prime minister of the country and was granted the title of Marquis Wenxin. There are 100,000 households in Luoyang, Henan Province, with 3,000 diners and 10,000 children. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, the young Prince Zheng was established as the king, and Lu Buwei was appointed as the prime minister. He was known as "Zhongfu" and arbitrarily ruled the government. Wang Shizhen: "Those who have used skills to obtain wealth and power since ancient times are not as dirty and humble as Lu Buwei, but they are also not as skillful as Buwei. All the efforts made by Buwei have been hollowed out until the end of time, and it should be like this Xiang, he was lucky by nature, and he had the skills to capture it. "The strange thing can be lived in: "Historical Records: Biography of Lu Buwei": "Lü Buwei from Handan saw (Zi Chu) and took pity on him, saying: 'This strange thing can be lived in'. Some goods are hoarded, waiting to be sold at high prices. It is also a metaphor for using a certain expertise or exclusive thing as capital and waiting for the opportunity to gain fame, wealth and status.
Zhang Liang
Zhang Liang (about 250 BC - 186 BC), courtesy name Zifang, father of Yingchuan City, was an outstanding counselor and minister in the late Qin and early Han dynasties, and a close friend of Han Xin , Xiao He are also known as the "Three Heroes of the Early Han Dynasty". Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, commented on Zhang Liang in the Nangong Palace of Luoyang: "My husband is planning and managing the curtains, but he is worse than his wife who is thousands of miles away. I am not as good as the ovary." This shows Zhang Liang's witty planning, literary and military strategies. Later generations respected him for his outstanding strategy and called him "Sage Seeking". Zhang Liang (embracing Kunlun) A true hero must be born according to his destiny, so he can wave the golden cone and teach the yellow stone. In this world, the Tao is very sick and weak. How can I recommend my innocent son to fly over the blue clouds? Huang Shi awarded the book: "Historical Records." "Liuhou Family": After Zhang Liangqian went to his old father's house, "My father went to his home and came back, saying: 'You can teach me, little boy. Come and meet me here at dawn in the next five days.' On the fifth day, the good night was not yet half gone. There was a feeling. , My father also came and said happily: "It should be like this." He published a book and said: "After reading this, I will be the master of the king." Thirteen years later, I saw me in Jibei, and I was at the foot of Gucheng Mountain. .' Then he left without saying a word and never saw him again. The book was written by Bolang Jinzhui in "Historical Records." There are three hundred children in the Liang family, and the younger brother is not buried. They all use their family wealth to seek revenge for Han. The iron vertebrae weighed one hundred and twenty kilograms. When the Emperor of Qin traveled eastward, Liang and his guests attacked the Emperor of Qin in Bolangsha. Changed his name and surname, died and hid in Xiapi.
Han Xin
Han Xin (about 231 BC - 196 BC), Han nationality, Huaiyin (formerly Huaiyin County, Jiangsu Province, now Huaiyin District). ), the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, an outstanding military strategist in Chinese history, one of the three heroes of the early Han Dynasty along with Xiao He and Zhang Liang, and the three most famous generals of the early Han Dynasty along with Peng Yue and Yingbu. Han Xin is the "strategist" of Chinese military thought. The representative figure of the sect was praised by Xiao He as "the unparalleled scholar of the country". Liu Bang commented: "We must win in battle and capture in attack. I am not as good as Han Xin." "Han Xin (of the time) remembered his mother's kindness for a long time, not to mention pushing food and undressing, which is a lesson from heaven; he did not discuss Kuai Tong's strategy for three minutes, and even the birds in the bow were exhausted, and the deep resentment was hard to bury. One meal Qianjin: "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "Xin was fishing under the city, and all the other mothers were floating. One mother saw that Xin was hungry and had no food for her. She actually floated for dozens of days. "Also: "If you believe in the country, you will be given a thousand pieces of gold by your mother. "Undressing and pushing food: "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "The King of Han granted me the seal of general and gave me tens of thousands of people to undress and clothe me, and push and feed me. "Three points should not be discussed about Kuai Tong's strategy: "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": Xiang Yu sent his envoy Wu She to persuade Han Xin to stand on his own feet and divide the world into three parts. Kuai Tong even showed off his eloquence, "The lives of the two masters now hang at one step. If Han is under his feet, Han will win, and if Chu is victorious." "It is better to have both interests, and divide the world into three parts, and live together as a tripod." , Zhao, came out of the empty land to control the following. Due to the people's desires, Xixiang asked for orders for the people, and the world responded. "In the eleventh year of the Han Dynasty, Empress Lu ordered the warriors to bind Xin and kill him in the bell chamber of Changle. Xin Fang killed him and said: "I regret not using Kuai Tong's plan, but I was deceived by my children. Isn't it God's fault! "The three tribes of Suiyi and Xin.
Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming, nicknamed Wolong, was in Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong) He was the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. He was named Wuxiang Hou when he was alive, and he was named Zhongwu Hou after his death. The Eastern Jin Dynasty government named him King Wuxing because of his military talents. He "dedicated his life to his masterpiece." There are "Chu Shi Biao", "The Book of Commandments", etc. Zhuge Liang (contact person) has great virtues in his family, and one command to his son is as good as Yan Zhuxun; Talent. Yan Zhu: Yan Zhitui and Zhu Xi, respectively, have "Yan Family Instructions" and "Zhu Xi Family Instructions". Yilu: Allusive name, cited in "Hanshu" Volume 56 "Praise to Dong Zhongshu".
Refers to Yi Yin and Lu Shang, Yi Yin of Shang Dynasty assisted Shang Tang, and Lu Shang of Western Zhou Dynasty assisted King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. They all had great achievements. Later, they were also called Yi Lu, which generally refers to the important ministers of Fu Bi.
Wang Meng
Wang Meng (325-375), courtesy name Jinglue, was born in Ju County, Beihai County (now southeast of Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He later moved to Wei County. A famous statesman and military strategist during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, he served as an official to the prime minister and general in the former Qin Dynasty. He assisted Fu Jian to defeat the heroes and unify the north. He is known as "the first person to have contributed more to Zhuge". Emperor Kangxi commented: "Wang Meng served Qin with all his loyalty and wisdom. Even when he was about to die, he continued to do good deeds. He hoped that the King of Qin would follow the example of his former sage. It would be appropriate for his master to be a good and prosperous family member, and he should be encouraged by others." "Wang Meng (Ye Kai) bowed without stinginess, held the wat without shame, chased Jiang Shang with an air of lice, hated the ruthless writing of history, and taught Gao Kui to bury it in the dust. No matter where the people's hearts go, Mr. Zu Dou has never been worshiped.