Yongzheng
Emperor Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty
Gender: Male
Age: Qing Dynasty
Nationality: Manchu
Date of birth: 1678-1735
Constellation: Sagittarius
No.: Yuanming Jushi (Yuanming). Broken dust layman
Zodiac: Ma
Date of birth: October 3th, 17th year of Kangxi (December 13th, 1678)
Eight characters: Ding You, Jiazi of Wuwu
Date of death: August 23rd, 13th year of Yongzheng (September 28th, 1735)
Died: Qingyan, Yuanmingyuan, Kyushu. 1735)
TempleNo.: Sejong
posthumous title: Jing Tianchang, Yun Jianzhong, Table Text Wu Yingming, Kuan Renxin, Yi Rui, Sheng Daxiao and Emperor Cheng Xian
Mausoleum: Tailing in Yizhou (now Yixian in Hebei)
Star Zone: Sagittarius III
Zodiac Palace Location: Sagittarius 18-27 degrees
Dominated. Self-confidence and ambition
Disadvantages: lack of self-knowledge, inner insecurity, and picky
Father: Aisingiorro Xuanye (Emperor Kangxi, the holy father of Qing Dynasty)
Birth mother: Wu Yashi, Princess De (Empress Xiao Gongren)
Adoptive mother: Tong Jiashi (Empress Xiao Yiren)
Children's condition: 1 children; 4 females; 3 adopted daughter
Married in the 3th year of Kangxi (1691), aged 14
Original match: Wulanara
Number of wives and concubines: 23. Among them, the latter two, five concubines, one concubine, five nobles, often seven, Gege has 3 people (all the grades are calculated according to their status when they are buried after death)
Among the empresses, Qi Fei and Nian Shi, the imperial concubine of Dunsu, have the most children.
Favorite color: black.
Pets: Faux dogs and Baifu dogs.
Most cherished favorite items: the little flat number beads of Bodhi given by the great-grandmother Xiaozhuang Wen and the cheng given by the father Emperor Kangxi. The glass snuff bottle, the relic of Prince Yi, the thirteenth brother
The worst year: the sixth year of Yongzheng, and the eighth year of Yongzheng
The most relaxing day: the feast of the ministers on the Double Ninth Festival in the fourth year of Yongzheng (the first festival after all political enemies were eradicated)
The most fearful thing: the summer heat
Religion: Taoism (Buddhism)
After 13 years in office, legend has it that she was assassinated by Lv Siniang, a chivalrous woman, at the age of 58. (Legend has it that Lv Siniang entered the Palace three times, and with his wonderful flying skill, one night, while Yongzheng was asleep, Lv Siniang cut off his head. Now there is still a golden head of Yongzheng in the Beijing Museum. Yongzheng had to be buried without a head, so he asked a craftsman to make a golden head for him.) He died naturally and was buried in Tailing, Hebei Province (now Yixian West, Hebei Province).
Yongzheng is a very complicated and contradictory historical figure. He is an outstanding politician who is brave in innovation and diligent in managing politics. He reformed and rectified the accumulated malpractices in Kangxi's later years, swept away the decadent style, and made the official administration clear, the rule stable, the national treasury full and the people's burden reduced. But after all, he was a feudal emperor, with great faults and limitations, and his succession to the throne was also very doubtful.
Yongzheng's main achievements are
spreading the land into the mu. This is a major tax reform. China has been taxed since ancient times, and adult men, rich or poor, have to pay poll tax. Yongzheng carried out the reform, spread the per capita tax into mu, and determined the amount of tax according to the amount of mu. Those who have more land will pay more, those who have less land will receive less, and those who have no land will not receive it. It means "spreading one's money into the ground", and the poll tax was abolished in one fell swoop. This measure is beneficial to the poor and not to the landlords, and it is a major reform in the history of China's finance and taxation. Return envy to the public. In ancient China, silver and copper were used as currencies. When collecting taxes, silver and copper were lost in exchange, casting, preservation and transportation, so there was a certain surcharge when collecting taxes. This surcharge, called "consumption envy" or "fire consumption", has always been levied by local counties as the extra income of local offices and officials. Consumption envy can't set the amount of levy, and counties can do whatever they want, and they will be heavily levied. Some of them will take one or two taxes and consume five or six yuan, which is a heavy burden for the people. Yongzheng carried out the policy of "returning envy to the public", and changed this surcharge into statutory tax and fixed tax, which was managed by the governor in a unified way. The tax income, in addition to office expenses, was used as a "yanglianyin", which greatly increased the salaries of officials. In this way, it not only lightens the burden on the people, but also ensures the implementation of a clean government. Therefore, Yongzheng said, "Since this law was enacted, the official administration has been clarified a little, so that it is unnecessary to be bothered."