Hundreds of surnames initially collected 4 1 1 surnames, and later added 568 surnames, including 444 single surnames and 24 compound surnames1. The China Surnames Dictionary contains as many as 1 1969 surnames, including 4,820 Han surnames.
According to preliminary statistics, among the 1 1969 surnames listed in China Surnames Dictionary, 4,925 surnames are unknown and 2,224 are ethnic minority surnames, totaling 7 149, accounting for 59.7% of1kloc-0/969. Based on a large number of ancient documents, the author studied these 4820 surnames one by one, and the result showed that there were * * you 1834 surnames originated in Henan, accounting for 38% of the 4820 surnames. However, the number of surnames alone is not enough, because the population of each surname is very different.
In order to further understand the important position of Henan in China's surnames, the author makes textual research on the most common Han surnames in China one by one according to the demographic data of surnames provided by this book. At present, the top 120 surname * * accounts for 90. 1 1% of the Han population, which means that11700,000 people have this 120 surname.
Among the 120 surnames, 52 are from Henan, namely: Li, Zhang, Chen, Huang, Zhou, Lin, He, Song, Zheng, Xie, Feng, Yu, Yuan, Deng, Xu, Fu, Su, Jiang, Ye, Yan, Pan, Dai and Xia. Namely Wang, Liu, Zhao, Wu, Xu, Sun, Hu, Zhu, Gao, Guo, Luo, Liang, Han, Tang, Dong, Xiao, Cheng, Shen, Lu, Lu, Cai, Ding, Wei, Xue, Du, Zhong, Jiang, Xiong, Lu, Bai, Mao and Qiu. On the whole, there are 97 surnames of * * * originating from Henan, accounting for 80.8% of China 120 surnames and 79.49% of the Han population in China.
If you subtract some multi-source surnames originating outside Henan, the percentage of the population will decrease, but the total number of surnames originating in Henan is 1834, minus 97, and 1737. Together with these surnames, surnames originating in Henan still account for more than 80% of the Han population in China.
Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that Henan is the largest province in surname resources, and most of the ancestors of Chinese at home and abroad are in Henan. Why does Henan occupy such an important position in China's surname? To sum up, Henan is the main birthplace of China culture and naturally the cradle of China's surname.
If we further analyze and compare the history of surnames in China and Henan, it is not difficult to find that the germination, emergence, popularization and stereotype of surnames are closely related to Henan.
The word "surname" consists of "female" and "sheng", and the surname in ancient times was mostly next to "female". The origin of surnames can be traced back to the matriarchal clan system in primitive human society. Many ancient surnames are beside or at the bottom of female roles, such as Jiang, Yao and Ji. Surnames are a branch of surnames, and descendants reproduce. The family is divided into several branches and scattered all over the country. Each branch has a special symbol, which is the surname. Later, there was little difference between surnames and surnames.
The names of ancient people are more complicated than those of modern people. Generally, there are four names: surname, first name, word and number. Modern people are not as particular about naming as ancient people. Except for a few people who have words and numbers, ordinary people generally have only one name, most of which are one or two words. Hundreds of surnames initially collected 4 1 1 surnames, and later added 568 surnames, including 444 single surnames and 24 compound surnames1. The China Surnames Dictionary contains as many as 1 1969 surnames, including 4,820 Han surnames.
At first, the surnames of Han people were different. The original surname is the clan number of the matriarchal clan commune. The word "surname" is a combination of the words "female" and "born". Many ancient surnames have the word "female" beside them, such as Jiang, Yao and Ji. History is a branch of surname. Due to the reproduction of offspring, the family is divided into several branches, scattered all over the country, and each branch has a special symbol as a symbol, which is the surname. Later, there was little difference between surnames and surnames. Most Han surnames come from the Yellow Emperor, after Emperor Yan, so they are also called "descendants of Emperor Yan".
The origin of surnames can be traced back to the matriarchal clan system in primitive human society, so many ancient surnames in China are beside or at the bottom of female characters. Surname is a specific symbol to distinguish clans, such as the name of a tribe or the name of a tribal leader.
Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor lived on the bank of Jishui and took Ji as his surname. Living next door, taking Jiang as his surname. Dayu was in charge of water conservancy, and the emperor made great contributions and gave his surname as the secretary. In addition, the son of a tribal leader can also have a surname.
The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom were given surnames, namely Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Ren, Xun, Wei, Xian and Yi, and four of them belonged to the second surname. After Zhu Rong, he established eight surnames for himself, namely, Dong, Peng, Bald, Yi, Cao, Zhu and Mi, which was called Zhu Rong's eight surnames in history. With the development of social productive forces, the matriarchal clan system has changed into the paternal clan system, and the clan system has been gradually replaced by the class social system, and there have been ways and means to give life to the land to govern the country.
The appearance of stone is a step towards class society in human history. Surnames and surnames are two stages of human progress and the product of civilization. In Xia and Shang dynasties, nobles all had surnames.
The branch of surname is surname, which means family or clan. Xia royal family took the surname of Yi, and Kunwu, another overlord, took his own surname, including Su, Gu, Wen, Dong and Qilong. Shang royal family is the son's surname, while overlord and Qian Wei are Peng's surnames.
There were thirteen surnames in Shang Dynasty, such as Tiao, Xu and Xiao. The Zhou Dynasty was an important period for the great development of surnames in China, and the surname system was found in many records. The king of Zhou is Ji, and the princes of feudal vassal States share the same surname as Qing Dafu. By the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were 22 surnames that could be tested, including Ji, Yi, Zi, Feng, Ying, Ji, Ren, Qi, Qian, Cao, Dong, Jiang, Yan, Gui, Man, Xiong, Kui, Qi and Yun.
Although Zhou nobles had surnames, only women called them surnames. Unmarried women such as Qi Jiangsong, whose name is Qi Song and whose surname is Jiang Zi. Married women, such as Jiang Qian and Luan Qi, Jiang and Luan are husband's family country and surname, while Qian and Qi are women's real surnames. At that time, there was a custom of not marrying with the same surname, so your daughter's surname was called to show that she was different from her husband's family. The Zhou Dynasty practiced patriarchal clan system, which was divided into large and small clans.
The establishment of a clan shows that a small clan has split from a large clan and set up another portal. The establishment of the state of Hou needs the approval of the king of Zhou, and the establishment of Dr. Qing's new house needs the permission of the monarch, which is called the "home of the dead land".
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Han surname