The Chinese believe in "the connection between heaven and man" and the "unity of man and nature". Therefore, the structure of the Forbidden City is modeled after the legendary "Heavenly Palace".
The Forbidden City is located in the center of Beijing. Today people call her the Forbidden City, which means the imperial palace of the past. The Forbidden City is 750 meters wide from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, with an area of ??720,000 square meters, the largest in the world. The entire building of the Forbidden City is surrounded by two solid defense lines in the middle and surrounded by a moat 52 meters wide and 6 meters deep. ; Then there is the city wall with a circumference of 3 kilometers, nearly 10 meters high and 8.62 meters wide at the bottom. There are 4 gates on the city wall, the Meridian Gate in the south, the Shenwu Gate in the north, the Donghua Gate in the east, and the Xihua Gate in the west. There are also 4 turrets standing at the four corners of the city wall. The turrets have 3 layers of eaves and 72 roof ridges, which are exquisite and clear. , unique in shape, is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture.
The huge Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts. The south is the working area, which is the outer court, and the north is the living area, which is the inner court. All the buildings in the outer court and the inner court are arranged on the central axis, symmetrical from east to west and in order.
The main buildings of the outer dynasty that must be seen are: Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, and Baohe Hall. The three halls are all built on a huge platform 8 meters wide, with a total area of ??about 85,000 square meters. Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the tallest and most glorious, with a width of 60.1 meters, a depth of 33.33 meters, and a height of 35.05 meters. Grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement, wedding, canonization, and generals' expeditions were all held here. Thousands of people shouted "Long live" and hundreds of ritual vessels and bells and drums rang in unison, creating a truly human-like atmosphere. The Zhonghe Hall behind the Taihe Hall is where the emperor rested and received worship before attending major ceremonies. The Baohe Hall in the north is where the emperor gave banquets and palace examinations.
The inner court includes the three palaces of Qianqing, Jiaotai, and Kunning, as well as the East Sixth Palace and the West Sixth Palace on the east and west sides. This is where the emperor and his concubines live, and is generally called the Three Palaces and Six Courtyards. ". There is also a small and unique imperial garden to the north of the residential area, which is a place for royal family members to play. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty all lived in the Qianqing Palace, the queen lived in the Kunning Palace, and the Jiaotai Palace was the queen's activity Place. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the emperors and empresses moved to places such as the West Sixth Palace. The most famous one is Yangxin Hall. Since Emperor Yongzheng, this has been the place where emperors manage their affairs and sleep. Empress Dowager Cixi also hangs her curtain here. It lasted for more than 40 years.
What’s more interesting is that many details of the Forbidden City have certain symbolic meanings, reflecting the cultural essence of ancient China.
The Forbidden City. The name is related to ancient Chinese philosophy and astronomy. The Chinese believe in "the connection between heaven and man" and "the unity of heaven and man". Therefore, the structure of the Forbidden City is modeled after the legendary "Heavenly Palace". Ancient astronomy divided the stars into three walls. It is surrounded by 28 constellations, among which Ziweiyuan (Polaris) is at the center of the sky and is the center of all stars. The purple of the Forbidden City is the purple of "Ziweizhong", which means that the imperial palace is also the "forbidden center" of the world. It refers to the residence of the royal family, which is extremely dignified and is strictly prohibited from intrusion.
There are 9999 rooms in the Forbidden City, and each door has nine copper door nails. It is related to understanding. Ancient people believed that the character "9" is the largest number, and the emperor is the largest in the world, so the corresponding "9" must be used. For the country to last forever, it will never change.
Careful tourists will find that the names of the buildings in the Forbidden City all have the words "Ren", "He", "Zhong" and "An", such as Tiananmen, Tai. Hedian, etc., the meanings represented by these words are the core of Chinese Confucianism, namely "Zhongzheng" and "Renhe", which highlight the traditional Confucian concepts
The Qianqing Palace and Jiaotai Palace where the emperor and empress lived. The names of the palace and Kunning Palace are also related to the Confucian classic "Book of Changes", which says that "Qian" symbolizes "Heaven" and represents "Male"; "Kun" symbolizes "Earth" and represents "Female"; "Tai" means "peace and smoothness", and the whole meaning is "the harmony between heaven and earth", which implies the harmonious relationship between the emperor and the queen. Coupled with "purity" and "tranquility", the life in the palace is imagined to be extremely beautiful.
The colors in the Forbidden City also have profound meanings. Yellow glazed tiles are often used in the Forbidden City, and the interior colors are mostly yellow. This usage is especially prominent in the ancient classic "Shangshu". The world is composed of the five elements of "metal, wood, water, fire and earth". The five elements are mutually reinforcing and interfering with each other, so the world is constantly changing. "Yellow" represents "earth". Earth is the foundation of all things, and the emperor is also the foundation of all peoples, so yellow is often used in the palace. .
The only building in the Forbidden City that uses black glazed tiles is the Wenyuan Pavilion of the Library. In the Five Elements, "black" symbolizes "water", and "water" can overcome "fire", so the library uses black tiles. It represents water overcoming fire and means fire prevention. The design is well-intentioned. While appreciating the magnificent external buildings, you should carefully savor the cultural significance each building symbolizes, and you will be full of interest and meaningful. Only by understanding the materialized Chinese culture can we understand the great Forbidden City.
In 1406 AD, Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty began to build the Forbidden City. According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", 100,000 of the best craftsmen and 1 million ordinary laborers were used to build this huge palace, which was rare in the world. It took 15 years to finally complete. After that, the Ming and Qing emperors rebuilt and expanded it many times, but the overall appearance did not change much.
The Forbidden City is a brick and wood structure building, and its materials were the best at the time.
Before entering the Forbidden City, you might as well go under the city wall outside and look at the bricks used to build the wall. This kind of brick is called a slurry brick. The soil is first soaked in pool water, and after sedimentation, the filtered fine mud is taken out, and then the fine mud is dried to make a brick. The size of the bricks is also larger than ordinary ones, 48 ??centimeters long, 24 centimeters wide, and 12 centimeters thick. Each brick weighs 24 kilograms. A total of 12 million bricks were used to build the city wall. The floor of the Forbidden City palace uses bricks of another kind, called gold bricks. This kind of brick has a fine texture, a slight golden color, a resounding sound when knocked, and is extremely light and brittle. The workmanship is naturally much more complicated. The entire Forbidden City uses more than 100 million bricks.
A rather fine material is also used for the bonding between bricks and stone slabs. This material mainly includes boiled and mashed glutinous rice and egg white separated from eggs. The adhesive made by mixing them is not only strong but also smooth and beautiful. Thousands of kilograms of glutinous rice and eggs are required to make this Chinese-style "concrete."
The wood used in the Forbidden City comes from the mountains of Fangshan County on the outskirts of Beijing, and some also comes from Jiangnan and even Sichuan and Yunnan. Most of the wood from the south of the Yangtze River was transported from the canal and landed at Dongbianmen today. Some of the wood used in the Qing Dynasty also came from the Northeast.
The roof tiles in the Forbidden City are all pre-made, that is, the designer determines the size and sample tile makers and then manufactures them in large quantities according to the list. Tiles in different places have different patterns.
There are tens of thousands of giant stones used in the Forbidden City, the largest of which is behind the Baohe Hall. This huge stone with nine dragons carved on it is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide, 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons. It took 20,000 migrant workers to transport it from Fangshan, the place of origin, to the capital, consuming 110,000 taels of silver. The transportation time was chosen in winter. Water wells were drilled every 50 meters along the way, water was poured on the road to make ice, and then boulders were pulled to slide on the ice. The 50 kilometers distance took 28 days, which is evident from the hardship.
From materials to architecture, from layout to meaning, the Forbidden City can be called a Chinese treasure. In addition, the antique calligraphy, paintings, documents and archives preserved in the Forbidden City are also rare treasures and priceless. In fact, the Forbidden City is the largest museum and treasure house in China.
The Wenhua Hall in the Forbidden City contains more than 500 central and local government archives from the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a total of 74 files and more than 10 million items. This is the largest and most valuable collection in China. historical information. The Wenyuan Pavilion contains the complete "Sikuquanshu", which includes the most important academic works in ancient China, with 3503 categories and 6304 volumes.
There are more than 10 collections in the Forbidden City, including the Art Museum of the Past Dynasties, the Arts and Crafts Museum, the Painting Museum, the Qing Palace Toy Museum, the Bronze Museum, the Ceramics Museum, the Clock Museum, the Treasure Museum, the Inscription Museum and the Ming and Qing Dynasty Museum. The Furniture Museum has a precious collection of about 1 million pieces, some of which are orphans and can only be seen in the Forbidden City.
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3 Views 562019-07-30
What is the structural layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing?
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The entire palace is lined with pavilions, majestic buildings, carved beams and painted buildings, and is magnificent. Dazheng Hall is an octagonal pavilion-style building with double eaves. There are two coiled dragon pillars at the main entrance to show its solemnity. The Dazheng Hall is used to hold major ceremonies, such as the emperor's accession to the throne, issuing edicts, announcing the army's expedition, and welcoming the triumphal return of soldiers. The Ten Kings Pavilion is where the kings of the left and right wings and the ministers of the Eight Banners work. This phenomenon of monarch and ministers working together in the palace is rare in history. Architecturally, Dazheng Palace is also a pavilion, but it is larger and more ornately decorated, so it is called a palace. The architectural layout of the Dazheng Hall and the 10 pavilions arranged in a figure of eight is derived from the tent halls of ethnic minorities. These 11 pavilions are the embodiment of 11 tents. 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22 Views 4092019-08-01
What is the structural layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing?
The entire Forbidden City is 960 meters long and 760 meters wide, covering an area of ??720,000 square meters. It is surrounded by city walls and moats. It is surrounded by four gates: the Meridian Gate, the Shenwu Gate, the Donghua Gate, and the Xihua Gate. There are five main gates on the central axis of the Forbidden City, namely Tiananmen, Duanmen, Meridian Gate, Qianqing Gate, Shenwu Gate, with Donghua Gate and Xihua Gate on the left and right.
The entire palace is bounded by Qianqing Gate, with the southern half being the former dynasty and the northern half being the inner court. The outer part of the Forbidden City consists of the Taihe Gate Courtyard, the three main halls of Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, and Baohe Hall, Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall. The inner court part of the Forbidden City is divided into three roads. The middle road includes the back three palaces consisting of Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, the East and West Sixth Palace where the concubines live, and the Yangxin Palace where the emperor lives. The West Road includes Cining Palace, Cining Garden, Shou'an Palace and Shoukang Palace. The east road includes Huangji Hall, Ningshou Palace, Yangxing Hall and Qianlong Garden. In addition, there are Zhai Palace, East Five Institutes, West Five Institutes, South Five Institutes, etc.
17 Views 762019-12-26
What is the structure of the Forbidden City in Beijing?
The Forbidden City was built in 1406 AD and was basically completed in 1420. It was the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Di started its construction. The Forbidden City is 961 meters long from north to south and 753 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of ??approximately 725,000 square meters. The construction area is 155,000 square meters. It is said that there are 9999.5 rooms in the Forbidden City. According to the actual on-site measurement by experts in 1973, the Forbidden City has more than 90 large and small courtyards, 980 houses, and a total of 8704 rooms (and this "room" is not the current concept of a room, here "Jian" refers to the space formed by four pillars). The palace city is surrounded by a palace wall that is 12 meters high and 3,400 meters long. It is in the form of a rectangular city. There is a 52-meter-wide moat surrounding the wall, forming a castle with tight barriers. The palace buildings of the Forbidden City are all wooden structures, with yellow glazed tile roofs, blue and white stone bases, and are decorated with magnificent colorful paintings. The Forbidden City has four gates, the main gate is called Meridian Gate, the east gate is called Donghua Gate, the west gate is called Xihua Gate, and the north gate is called Shenwu Gate. Facing the Shenwu Gate at the north gate, there is a Jingshan Mountain built of earth and stone, full of pines and cypresses. In terms of the overall layout, Jingshan can be said to be the barrier to the Forbidden City complex. The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the "outer court" and the "inner court" according to its layout and functions. The "outer dynasty" and the "inner court" are bounded by the Qianqing Gate. To the south of the Qianqing Gate is the outer dynasty and to the north is the inner court. The architectural atmospheres of the outer court and the inner court of the Forbidden City are completely different. The outer dynasty is centered on the three main halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe. It is the place where the emperor held court meetings and is also called the "former dynasty". It is the place where feudal emperors exercised their power and held grand ceremonies. In addition, there are Wenhua Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion, Shangsiyuan and Nansansuo in the east of the two wings; there are Wuying Hall, House of Internal Affairs and other buildings in the west. The inner court is centered on the three palaces behind the Qianqing Palace, the Jiaotai Palace, and the Kunning Palace. The two wings are the Yangxin Palace, the East and West Sixth Palace, the Zhai Palace, and the Yuqing Palace. There is the Imperial Garden at the back. It was the residence of feudal emperors and concubines. The Ningshou Palace in the eastern part of the inner court was built by Emperor Qianlong for his retirement after his abdication. To the west of the inner court are Cining Palace and Shouan Palace. In addition, there are buildings such as Chonghua Palace and North Five Palaces.
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