Classical Chinese is an ancient issue and contains profound truths. Do you want to know the original text and translation of "Encouraging Learning"? The following is the "2022 Selected Original Texts and Translations of the Classical Chinese Essay "Encouraging Learning"" compiled by me for your reference only. You are welcome to read it. Selected original text and translation of the classical Chinese text "Encouragement to Learn" 2022
Original text:
The gentleman said: Learning can't be stopped.
Green, taken from blue, and green from blue; ice, derived from water, and cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle. It is shaped like a wheel and its curve is regular. Although there is violence, those who no longer stand up are the ones who make it happen. Therefore, when wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and when metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day will know how to act without making mistakes.
Therefore, if you don’t climb a high mountain, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t go to a deep stream, you don’t know how deep the earth is; if you don’t listen to the last words of the past kings, you don’t know how great knowledge is. The sons of Qian, Yue, Yi, and Raccoon were born with the same voice, grew up and had different customs, and they were taught to do so. The poem says: "Sigh, you gentleman, there will be no eternal rest. Jing is in your position, it is good and upright. God listens to you, and you are blessed." God is not greater than the Tao, and blessings are better than the absence of disasters.
I have been thinking about it all day long, which is not as good as what I have learned in a moment; I have been on my knees and looking at it, but it is not as good as climbing up to gain broad insights. When you climb high and move, your arms are not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away; when you call along the wind, the sound is not accelerated, but the person who hears it is louder. A fake horse is not capable of running a thousand miles; a fake boat is not capable of running water, but it can stop a river. A gentleman's life is not different, he is good at things and false in nature.
There is a bird in the south, called the Mongolian dove. It uses its feathers as a nest, braided with its hair, and tied with reeds. When the wind blows, the eggs break and the eggs die. The nest is not endless, but it is tied to it. There is a tree in the west, called Shegan, with a stem four inches long. It grows on a high mountain, near the abyss of hundreds of feet. The fluffy hemp grows upright without support; the white sand grows black in the nirvana. The root of the orchid locust tree is Zhi, and as it gradually grows, gentlemen will not approach it, and common people will not accept it. Its quality is not unattractive, but it is so gradually. Therefore, when a gentleman lives, he must choose a hometown, and when traveling, he must find scholars. Therefore, he must guard against evil and stay close to the right.
The origin of things must have a beginning. When honor and disgrace come, they must be like their virtues. Insects appear in the rotting meat, and beetles appear in the fish. If you neglect yourself and forget yourself, you will cause disaster. Strength takes its own pillars, softness takes its own bundles. Evil and filth are in the body, and resentment is the cause. If the firewood is applied in one layer, the fire will be dry; if the flat ground is in one layer, the water will be wet. Plants and trees grow everywhere, birds and animals flock together, and everything follows its kind. When the nature is stretched, the bow and arrow reach far; when the trees are lush, the ax reaches far; when the trees form shade, the birds rest. It's sour and sour. Therefore, words can bring disaster, and actions can bring disgrace. A gentleman should be careful about where he stands!
When soil accumulates, it becomes a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; when water accumulates, it forms a chasm, and dragons emerge; when accumulation of good deeds becomes virtue, gods become gods. Self-satisfied, the holy heart is ready. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps, you cannot reach a thousand miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times without giving up its merits. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, nor strong bones and muscles. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. They have the same intention. A crab with six knees and two pincers is not a snake and eel whose cave has nothing to rely on, so it is a sign of impatience.
Therefore, those who have no deep ambitions have no clear understanding; those who have no shameful things have no great achievements. Those who follow the road will not come, and those who serve the two kings will not tolerate it. The eyes cannot see both ways and the ears cannot hear both ways. The tan snake has no legs and can fly, and the mole has no skills. "Poetry" says: "The corpse dove is in the mulberry, and its sons are seven. A gentleman's manners are one. His manners are one, and his heart is like a knot!" Therefore, a gentleman is tied to one.
In the past, the gourd played the harp, and Liuyu came out to listen; Boya played the harp, and the six horses raised their heads. Therefore, even if the sound is small, it will not be heard, and if the action is not hidden, it will not be visible. Jade is in the mountains and the grass and trees are moist; pearls grow in the abyss but the cliffs are not withered. Do good deeds without accumulating evil? Is there anyone who doesn’t hear it?
Does learning evil begin or end with evil? He said: The number begins with chanting sutras and ends with reading rituals; the meaning begins with doing A scholar will eventually become a sage. If he accumulates his strength for a long time, he will advance, and if he learns nothing, he will stop. Therefore, learning numbers has an end, and if its meaning cannot be abandoned even for a moment. To do it is a human being; to leave it is a beast. The old book is the discipline of political affairs; the poem is the end of the sound; the ritual is the division of the law and the discipline of the class. Therefore, learning only ends with etiquette. This is what is called the ultimate morality. The respect of etiquette and writing, the harmony of music, the breadth of poetry and calligraphy, and the subtleties of spring and autumn are all in between heaven and earth.
The learning of a gentleman enters the ears, the chopsticks touch the heart, spreads throughout the four bodies, and forms the shape of movement and stillness. To put it simply, creeping and moving can be the law. The learning of a small person enters the ears and exits the mouth; between the mouth and the ears, four inches of ears are enough to beautify a body of seven feet! The ancient scholars were themselves, but today's scholars are people. A gentleman's education is for the sake of beautifying his body; a villain's education is for the purpose of beautifying his body. Therefore, if you don't ask, you will tell you that you are proud; if you ask one question, you will tell others that you are embarrassed. Proud, not, 囋, not; a gentleman is like Xiang.
If you don’t learn from others, then you should get close to them. The rituals, music, and methods are not mentioned, the poems and books are not specific, and the Spring and Autumn Festival is not fast. If the people learn what a gentleman says, they will respect it and spread it throughout the world. Therefore, it is said: If you don't learn, don't approach others.
The best way to learn the classics is to be good to others, and the second best thing is Takarai. The person above cannot be kind to him, and the person below cannot be courteous. Ante will learn from miscellaneous knowledge, and just follow the poems and books. Then in the last days and in the poor years, one will inevitably become a crude scholar. The original king was benevolent and righteous, and his meridian and latitude were straightened out. If you pull out the fur collar and pause with five fingers, there will be countless people who obey. If you don't follow the rules of etiquette and use poems and books to do it, it's just like measuring a river with a finger, pounding millet with a spear, or using a conical dining pot. Therefore, if the rituals are not clearly understood, he is a Dharma scholar; if the rituals are not extended, although he is investigating and debating, he is a Confucian scholar.
If you ask for help, don’t complain; if you ask for help, don’t ask; if you ask for help, don’t listen. Don't argue with those who are ambitious. Therefore, you must arrive at the path and then pick it up; if it is not the path, avoid it. Therefore, courtesy and respect can then be related to the way of speaking; diction can be related to the principle of speaking; color can be related to the way of speaking. Therefore, if you can't talk about it, it's called pride; if you can talk about it and don't talk about it, it's called hiding; if you don't look at your complexion, it's called blindness. Therefore, a gentleman is not arrogant, does not hide himself, and is not blind, but obeys his own rules. The poem says: "The bandit makes peace with the bandit, which is given by the emperor." This is what it means.
To miss one of a hundred shots is not good at shooting; to miss one step a thousand miles away is not good at controlling; to be inconsistent with ethics and benevolence and righteousness is not good at learning. Those who study hard must learn one thing firmly. As soon as they come out and enter, they are the people in Tuxiang. There are few good people and many bad people. They are Jie and Zhou who steal the plant. If they are all eliminated, then they will be scholars.
A gentleman knows that incompleteness and purity are not enough to be beautiful, so he should recite it several times to understand it, think about it to understand it, deal with it for others, and maintain it to eliminate its harm. Make your eyes have no desire to see what is not right, make your ears have no desire to hear anything not right, make your mouth have no desire to speak anything not right, and make your heart have no desire to think about anything not right. When it comes to good things, the five colors are good for the eyes, the five sounds are good for the ears, the five tastes are good for the mouth, and the mind is good for the whole world. Therefore, power cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken. Life is based on this, death is based on this, this is called moral conduct. Moral ethics can then be determined, and if one can be determined, then one can respond. Being able to calm down and respond is called an adult. The sky sees its brightness, the earth sees its light, and a gentleman values ??all of it.
Translation:
A gentleman says: Learning can never stop.
Indigo is extracted from indigo, but it is darker than indigo; ice is made of water, but it is colder than water. If the wood is straight enough to conform to the straightened ink line, and it is made into a wheel using a burning process, then the curvature of the wood will conform to the standard of a circle. Even if it is dried up by wind and sun, the wood will not be straight again because it has been processed to make it like this. Therefore, wood measured with ink lines and then processed with auxiliary tools can be straightened, swords can be sharpened by grinding on a whetstone, and a gentleman who studies extensively and examines and reflects on himself every day will be wise and clear and his behavior will be faultless.
Therefore, if you don’t climb the mountains, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t face the deep streams, you don’t know how thick the earth is; if you don’t understand the teachings of the previous emperors, you don’t know the breadth of knowledge. The children of Qian, Yue, Yi and Raccoon all cry the same when they are born, but their customs and habits are different when they grow up. This is due to education. The Book of Songs says: "You, a gentleman, don't always be greedy for comfort. Treat your duties with respect and love upright virtues. When the gods hear all this, they will bestow you with great blessings and auspiciousness." There is no spiritual cultivation like being moral. The influence of the influence is greater, and the blessing is no more lasting than the absence of disaster.
I used to think all day long, but I couldn’t learn as much knowledge as I did in a moment; I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it wasn’t as broad as climbing to a high place. When you reach a high place and wave, your arms are not lengthened, but others can see it from a distance; when you call along the wind, your voice does not become louder, but the listener can hear you clearly even from a distance. People who use cars and horses are not good at walking, but they can reach thousands of miles; people who use boats are not good at swimming, but they can cross rivers. The qualifications and temperament of a gentleman are no different from those of ordinary people. It's just that a gentleman is good at using external things.
There is a bird called the "Mongolian dove" in the south. It makes a nest with feathers and braids the nest with hair. The nest fell and all the eggs were smashed. It’s not that the nest wasn’t made properly, it’s that it shouldn’t be tied to the reeds. There is a kind of grass called "Shegan" in the west. It grows on the high mountains. It is only four inches high, but it can overlook hundreds of miles away. It is not because the grass can grow tall, but because it grows on the top of the mountains. The fluffy grass grows in the hemp field and can stand upright without support. When the white sand is mixed into the black soil, it will no longer turn white. The root of the orchid locust tree is called fragrant mugwort. Once immersed in the smelly water, gentlemen and servants will avoid it. It's not that the moxa itself doesn't smell good, but that it smells bad after being soaked in it. Therefore, a gentleman should choose a good environment to live in, and he must be close to people with knowledge and character when traveling, so that he can guard against subtle mistakes and maintain his moderation and integrity.
Things happen for a reason, and honor and disgrace come in accordance with virtue. When meat rots, maggots will grow, when fish die, insects will grow. If you are lazy and neglectful and forget the principles of life, you will be in trouble. Objects that are too hard are easy to break, objects that are too soft are easily bound, being unkind to others will arouse resentment, dry firewood is flammable, low-lying areas are easily wet, overgrown vegetation, wild beasts swarm, and all things flock together. So when the target is set, bows and arrows will be fired, when the trees grow into a forest, they will be chopped down with axes, and when the trees are lush and shady, birds will come to stay. When vinegar becomes sour, mosquitoes will be attracted. So words may bring disaster, and actions may bring disaster. He may be humiliated, but a gentleman must be cautious in his dealings with others.
The accumulation of earth and rocks creates high mountains, from which wind and rain rise; the accumulation of water flows becomes an abyss, from which dragons emerge; the accumulation of good deeds develops noble morals, the spirit is elevated, and the state of mind of a saint is acquired. Therefore, without accumulating one and a half steps, there is no way to reach a thousand miles; without accumulating small flows, there is no way to form rivers and seas. A good horse takes less than ten steps in one leap; a bad horse can walk for ten days in a row, but its success lies in not stopping. If you stop after a few carvings, then the rotten wood will continue to carve. If you keep on carving, you can also carve gold and stone successfully.
The earthworm does not have sharp claws or teeth, but it has strong muscles and bones, but it can eat up to the soil and drink down to the underground spring water. This is because it is single-minded. The crab has six legs and two claws, but it has nowhere to hide without the caves of snakes and eels. This is because it is impetuous.
Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant achievements in study; without the practice of hard work, there will be no great achievements in career. If you walk on the wrong road and cannot reach your destination, if you serve two monarchs at the same time, neither party will tolerate you. The eyes cannot see two things clearly at the same time, and the ears cannot hear two sounds clearly at the same time. The tan snake has no legs but can fly; the mole has five abilities but still can't do anything. "The Book of Songs" says: "The cuckoo builds its nest in the mulberry tree, and its young birds have seven. Kind gentlemen, their behavior should be single-minded and not biased towards evil. Only if their behavior is single-minded and not biased towards evil, will their will be as strong as a rock." Therefore, a gentleman’s will is firm and single-minded.
In ancient times, there was a gourd playing a harp, and the fish in the water would come out of the water to listen. When Boya played the harp, the horse pulling the cart would stop eating and look up to listen. Therefore, voices will not go unheard because they are weak, and actions will not go unnoticed because they are secretive. If the jade is buried deep in the mountains, the vegetation will be moist; if the pearl falls into the abyss, the cliffs will not dry up. Can't you accumulate good deeds? How can you accumulate good deeds and become virtuous without being widely recited?
Where should learning begin and where should it end? Answer: According to its path. In terms of meaning, it should start from reciting classics such as "Poems" and "Books" and end with "The Book of Rites"; in terms of its significance, it should start from being a scholar and end with becoming a saint. If you practice sincerely and accumulate over a long period of time, you will be able to deeply appreciate the fun involved, and you will never be able to do anything until you die. Therefore, although the course of study has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. A lifelong love of learning will make you a human being, but on the contrary, how is it different from an animal? "Book of Songs" is the record of political affairs; "Book of Songs" is the summary of the voice; "Book of Rites" is the premise of the legal system and the general outline of various regulations, so we must learn "Book of Songs" Only when the Book of Rites is completed can it be considered that it has reached the pinnacle of morality. The "Book of Rites" respects etiquette, the "Book of Music" talks about the voice of harmony, the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu" are broad and broad, and the "Spring and Autumn" talks about great meanings. They have included all the great knowledge in the world.
A gentleman learns by listening to his ears, remembering it in his heart, and manifesting it in dignified behavior and etiquette-compliant actions. Every action, even the smallest words and deeds, can set an example for others. The villain learns from his ears and his mouth, and the distance is only four inches. How can he perfect his seven-foot body? The ancients studied for their own moral cultivation needs, but today's people study just to show off to others. Gentlemen study to improve themselves, while villains study to show off and impress others, treating knowledge as gifts such as poultry and calves to please others. Therefore, it is called impetuous to teach others when no one asks you for advice; asking one and two questions is called verbose; impetuous and verbose are all wrong. A gentleman's answers should be like echoes in the empty valley, no more, no less, just right.
There is nothing more convenient than being close to a good teacher. "The Book of Rites" and "The Book of Music" have laws but are sparse; "The Book of Songs" and "Book of Records" are simple but not close to reality; "Spring and Autumn" is subtle but not comprehensive enough; imitating a good teacher and learning the knowledge of a gentleman is both noble and comprehensive, and it is okay Understand the world. Therefore, there is nothing more convenient for learning than being close to a good teacher.
Respecting a good teacher is the most convenient way to learn, followed by advocating etiquette. If you don't respect your teachers at the top, don't show courtesy at the bottom, and just read some miscellaneous books and explain the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu", then you will be nothing more than a humble scholar throughout your life. To study the wisdom of saints and seek the foundation of benevolence and righteousness, starting from etiquette is the shortest way to understand it. Just like bending your fingers to lift the collar of a leather robe, then pull it down for a moment, and the hair will be completely smooth. If we ignore etiquette and rely only on the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents to conduct our affairs, it will be like measuring the water in a river with your fingers, pounding millet with a hammer, or taking food from a rice pot with an awl. It is impossible. Therefore, if one respects etiquette, even if he is not clear about knowledge, he can still be regarded as a moral and cultivated person; if he does not respect etiquette, even if he is perceptive and eloquent, he is just a simple Confucian scholar with a loose mind and body and no real cultivation.
If someone comes to ask you about something that is not in line with etiquette and law, do not answer; if someone comes to tell you something that is not in line with etiquette and law, do not ask; if someone talks about something that is not in line with etiquette and law in front of you, do not participate; it is better to have a barbaric attitude. Don't argue with someone who is trying to impress you. Therefore, we must welcome people who are in line with etiquette and righteousness; avoid those who are not in line with etiquette and righteousness; therefore, only those who are respectful and courteous can talk to them about the purpose of Tao; and those who speak docilely should be treated with courtesy. Only those with a sincere attitude can discuss the profound meaning of Tao with them. Therefore, talking to someone you cannot talk to is called impetuous; not talking to someone you can talk to is called laziness; talking casually without looking at the other person's response is called blindness. Therefore, a gentleman should not be impetuous, nor should he be negligent, nor should he be blind. He should treat everyone who comes to seek advice with caution. "The Book of Songs" says: "Not impetuous and not lazy is what the emperor approves of." This is the truth.
If one of the hundreds of arrows missed misses the target, it cannot be regarded as a good shot; if one drives a chariot and horse to travel a thousand miles and only misses half a step but fails to complete the journey, it cannot be regarded as a good driver; If one cannot fully understand the ethical norms and adhere to the principles of benevolence and righteousness, one cannot be considered a good learner. Studying is something that requires a lot of concentration. Studying for a while and stopping for a while is just like ordinary people in the market.
There are few good deeds and many bad deeds. Jie, Zhou and Tuo are such people. Only one who can comprehensively and thoroughly grasp the knowledge he has learned can be regarded as a scholar.
A gentleman knows that he is not perfect if he has not learned everything and is not perfect, so he should read a lot of books in order to gain a comprehensive understanding, use thinking and exploration to understand, follow the example of good teachers and friends to practice, and get rid of his own wrong habits and dispositions to maintain maintenance. Make your eyes have nothing else to see but these (questions that make what you have learned incomplete and incomplete), make your ears have nothing else to hear but these, your mouth to have nothing else to say but these, and your heart to have nothing else to say except these. There's nothing else to think about. When you reach the ideal state of being completely absorbed in learning, you will be just like your eyes that love the five colors, your ears that love the five sounds, and your mouth that loves the five tastes, and your heart will covet the world. If this is achieved, then there will be no evil thoughts in the face of power and selfish desires, there will be no succumbing to the power of numbers, and nothing in the world will be able to shake their faith. This is true in life, and it will remain the same until death. This is called being virtuous and ethical. Only with virtue and integrity can we be steadfast, and only with steadfastness can we respond randomly. If you can be firm and responsive, you are a mature and perfect person. At that time, the sky will show its brightness, the earth will show its vastness, and the value of a gentleman will lie in the perfection of his virtue.
Comments:
Gentleman: refers to a learned and cultivated person.
Learning can’t stop (yǐ): Learning can’t stop.
Green comes from blue: indigo, obtained from indigo grass. Cyan, indigo, a dye. Indigo, Polygonum indica, is an annual herb whose leaves contain blue juice, which can be used as a blue dye.
Zhong (zhòng) rope: (wood) conforms to the straightened ink line. Rope, ink line.
輮(róu): Tong "煣", an ancient craft of bending wood strips by roasting them with fire.
Compass: Compass, a tool for drawing circles.
Although (yòu) is exposed (pù): even if it is dried in the sun again. Yes, it passes "you". Haggard, withered. Bao, same as "exposure", sun-drying.
Stand: straight.
The rope is measured with an ink line.
Gold: refers to metal swords, etc. Just sharpen: take it to a whetstone and grind it. Sharpen, whetstone. Just, verb, close, close.
Japanese ginseng (cān) province (xǐng) almost oneself: reflect on yourself every day. Shen, the first translation is to check, check; the second translation is the same as "三", multiple times. Save, check. Hu, preposition, at. Erudite: Learn widely. Day: every day.
Zhi (zhì): through "wisdom", wisdom. Ming: Mingda. Conduct without fault: Conduct without fault.
Last words: Still ancient teachings.
Qian (hán): Same as "Han", the name of an ancient country in the northeast of present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. It was destroyed by the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period and became Wu Yi, which refers to the State of Wu. Yi: The ethnic group living in the east of China in ancient times. Raccoon dog (mò): Tong "貊", a nation living in the northeast of China in ancient times.
Six sentences of "Sigh, you gentleman": The introduction of the poem can be found in "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Xiaoming". Jing, An. ***, through "for". To introduce, to give. View, big.
Xuyu (yú): a moment, a while.
跂(qǐ): stand on tiptoe.
Bojian: The scope of seeing is wide and the scope is broad.
Ji: fast, fast, here it is extended to "loud".
Akira: Obvious, clear. This means hearing more clearly.
False: rely on, use. Yu: carriage, here refers to the car.
Advantages of feet: walking fast.
Water: swimming.
Jue: crossing.
生(xìng) non-different: There is no difference in nature (from ordinary people). Sheng, through "nature", talent, qualification.
Mongolian dove: that is, the wren, commonly known as the yellow bird, also known as the clever woman bird. The whole body is gray* with spots. It often uses reeds and velvet as its nest. )
滫 (xiuyiyin): rice washing water, this refers to dirty water and smelly water.
苕(tiáo): the flower spike of reed.
She (yè) Gan: Also known as Black Fan, it is a herbaceous plant with roots used as medicine and slender stems. It mostly grows between cliffs and looks like a tree, so Xunzi called it "wood". In fact, It's a kind of grass. One mistake is to say that "wood" is the word for "grass".
Four sentences of "Pengsheng Hemp": Grass grows in the hemp field and can stand upright without support. When the white sand is mixed into the black soil, it will become as black as the soil. It is a metaphor that you can become a good person if you live in a good environment. Peng, Pengcao. Hemp, hemp bush. Nirvana, alumite that can be used to make black dye. "Ji Jie" does not have the characters "the white sand is black in nirvana". According to "Shang Shu·Hong Fan", "people at that time were only the emperor at their best" and "Zhengyi" quoted and supplemented.
Orchid Sophora japonica: the name of vanilla, also called Angelica dahurica, with white flowers and fragrant smell. The ancients called its seedlings "Lan" and its roots "Zhi".
gradually (jiān): dip. 滫(xiǔ): swill, sour rice water. This leads to dirty water and smelly water.
Clothes: to wear.
What happens gradually is this: this is the situation of being nurtured and influenced. Of course, this is it.
Evil: People with bad conduct. Zhongzheng: A man of integrity.
beetles (dù): insects that eat away at utensils.
Strong self-picking pillar: It means that if the physical properties are too strong, it will break easily. The pillar, connected to "Zhu" (Wang Yinzhi said), is broken. "Book of Rites of Da Dai Encouraging Learning" is written as "Zhe".
Softness draws its own restraints: Weak things bring about restraints on their own.
Structure: knot, cause.
Category: through "俦", category.
Quality: target. 的(dì): the center of the target.
Jin: axe.
饯(xī): The original meaning is vinegar.
蹹(ruì): the name of a flying insect, belonging to the mosquito category.
嬬(kuǐ): The distance between the two feet when walking is equal to what is now called one step and what the ancients called half a step. Step: The ancients said that one step refers to the distance that both left and right feet step forward once, which is equivalent to two steps today.
骐(qí)骥(jì): horse, thousand-mile horse.
Ten Horses and Chariots: A poor horse-drawn carriage can reach the destination in ten days. A bad horse, a bad horse. Driving, in ancient times, when riding a horse-drawn cart, you would put it on the cart in the morning and unload it at night. Driving a carriage is called driving, so "driving" is used here to refer to a day's journey of a carriage. Ten drives means ten trips, which refers to a ten-day trip. This refers to a journey of thousands of miles.
She: give up. It means not giving up on the journey.
锲(qiè): carving with a knife.
Engraving (lòu): originally refers to engraving on metal, and generally refers to engraving.
The crab kneels six times and has two pincers (áo): The crab has six claws and two pincers. Six knees, six legs. Crabs actually have eight legs. Kneel down, crab legs. One thing is that the two legs on the back of a sea crab can only be used for paddling and cannot be used for walking or self-defense, so they cannot be counted in "kneeling". Pincers are the large claws in front of crabs and other arthropods, shaped like pincers.
Ming Ming: dim and unclear, describing concentration and hard work. "惛惛" below has the same meaning as this.
Zhaozhao: I understand.
螞(téng) snake: a flying divine snake in ancient legends.
缼鼷(shí)rat: The original work is "武rat", which was modified according to "Book of Rites of Great Dai·Encourage Learning". The mole can fly but cannot fly onto the roof, can climb trees but cannot climb to the treetops, can swim but cannot cross valleys, can dig holes but cannot hide, can run but cannot chase people, so it is said to have "five skills". poverty". Poverty: embarrassment.
Six sentences of "Corpse Dove in the Mulberry": The introduction of the poem can be found in "The Book of Songs·Cao Feng·Dove". Yi means "righteousness".
Knot: to gather together and never disperse, a metaphor for being focused and unswerving.
皠(hù)ba: A native of Chu State, he is good at playing the harp.
Shen: Same as "Shen". "Ji Jie" is written as "Liu", which was modified according to "Book of Rites of Great Dai·Encouraging Learning".
Bo Ya: A person who was good at playing the piano in ancient times.
Six horses: In ancient times, the emperor’s chariot was driven by six horses; this refers to the horses that pull the chariot. Raise the fodder: "Huainanzi Shuo Shan Xun" Gao You's note: "Raise the fodder, raise your head and blow vomit, it is said that the horse laughs." It is said that "Mo" refers to "mo", head.
Cliff: the shore.
xie: same as "ye", interrogative modal particle.
Shu: Technique, that is, method, approach, extended to "subject".
Oita: big principles and boundaries.
Creep (rú): Same as "creep", micro-movement.
Proud: impetuous.
囋: To describe words that are complex and broken.
Direction: "ring", echo.
Fang: Tong "imitate", imitate.
Shun: understand "training" and explain the meaning of words.
Original and original: both are used as verbs, referring to tracing back to the origin.
Longitude and latitude: straight lines and horizontal lines, here refers to roads. Find another way: path, here generally refers to the road.
戈: Lift, carry. Qiu: fur coat.
毎: Tong "Qu", bend. Dayton: dither, sort out.
Tao: You, follow. Li Xian: Etiquette.
Chumb: pound the skin off the cereals. Millet: Millet, cereal.
飡: means "meal", eat. Pot: A vessel used to hold food in ancient times, here it refers to rice.
楛: It originally means that the utensils are rough and bad, but here it means bad, that is, it means that it is not in line with etiquette and justice.
Achievement: Refers to acting on one’s own initiative.
Extreme: the ultimate, the highest state.
Hidden: Concealed intentionally.
罽: To engage in blindly.
Being obedient: A gentleman carefully cultivates himself so that he is not arrogant, hidden, or blind, and treats others appropriately.
Two sentences of "The gangster makes love with the gangster": the Chinese version of "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Cai Shu". Bandit, non, no. Traffic, traffic "fluke", fluke impatience. Comfortable, slow, slow. Yu, through "with", agrees.
Lun: synonymous with "category", referring to category.
Jie Zhou: The subjugated king of the Xia and Shang dynasties. Zhi Zhi: A great thief named Zhi in ancient times.
Number: Number theory has a similar meaning to "reciting".
It means: it refers to the beauty of complete and pure etiquette.
The five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, here refers to beautiful music.
The five flavors: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, salty, here refers to delicious food.
Response: refers to the ability to adapt to external things.
Adult: whole person, perfect person.