Sung River Uprising (1111121)
Since the establishment of Zhao Kuangyin in the Song Dynasty, it has been pursuing the policy of "humiliating the outside and emphasizing the inside". Political power, financial power and military power were highly concentrated in the central government, and feudal oppression was very serious. Especially in the late Northern Song Dynasty, due to the implementation of the above policies, land annexation was fierce and feudal exploitation was extremely cruel. Therefore, although industry and commerce were relatively developed at that time, people's livelihood was broader, social contradictions were still quite acute, and there were many peasant uprisings. After the war in Xixia during the Renzong period, there were countless small-scale peasant uprisings with dozens to hundreds of people. Sung river is in such a situation, raised the banner of justice. In December of the first year of Xuanhe in Song Huizong (119), 36 people rallied in the area north of the Yellow River under the jurisdiction of JD.COM East Road, aiming at cracking down on social injustice, killing the rich and helping the poor, resisting the cruel rule of the Northern Song Dynasty and causing panic among rulers. Shortly after the uprising, JD.COM East Road and Jingdong West Road were sentenced and arrested by Song Huizong Evonne. However, due to Song Jun's lack of training and long absence, his combat effectiveness is extremely poor; Because Song Jiang is "brilliant", all his 36 men are brave men and heroes. Therefore, instead of destroying the Sung River Rebel Army, this crackdown made it famous. In the following more than a year, Song Jiang and others did not go 800 miles to Liangshan, Shui Bo, as depicted in the literary works such as Water Margin, but "ran through the land of Qi Wei" and traveled thousands of miles to Luji. Sung Jiang led the troops to attack Heshuo (referring to the north and south areas in the lower reaches of the Yellow River today) and JD.COM East Road (governing Qingzhou, now Yidu, Shandong Province), fought between Qing, Qi (now Jinan, Shandong Province) and Zhou Pu (now Juancheng North, Shandong Province), captured more than ten counties and cities, punished corrupt officials, killed the rich and helped the poor, and gained momentum. In the siege of tens of thousands of loyalists, the insurgents attacked the city and plundered the land, and attacked flexibly. Although the number is small, it is like a steel knife, which makes the rulers smell it. "Loyalists dare not step forward" and become an influential peasant uprising team.
In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), Song Jiangling led the troops to attack Jingxi and Hebei counties. When Song Huizong and Evonne heard about it, they adopted Hou Meng's strategy of "pardon and surrender" in Bozhou, and issued a decree to woo Hou Meng, but the matter went away. So Song Huizong ordered Zeng Xiaoyun, the secretariat of Zhangzhou, to lead an army to beg for it. Song Jiang avoided the battle and led his troops south from Qingzhou to Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong), where he worked with loyalists for more than ten years. At the beginning of the third year of Xuanhe, he turned south to attack Yizhou (now Linyi), and the battle was very hard. As a result, because they were outnumbered, they were defeated by the magistrate Jiang Yuan. In February, the rebel army continued southward, attacking Huaiyang Army (now southwest of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province), then occupying Chuzhou (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province) and entering Haizhou (now southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province). In these fierce battles, Song Jiang gave full play to his intelligence and military ability, with decisive command, extraordinary strategy and flexible tactics. At the same time, as Chen Tai later said in the Preface to the Legacy of Suoan in Yuan Dynasty, "Song was a brave and arrogant man". Song Jiang was also very brave in fighting, taking the lead in killing the enemy and playing down a peg or two, which made some court officials have to admit his bravery and resourcefulness. In the same month, Fang La, the leader of the peasant uprising in Zhejiang, led the rebels to attack Zhenzhou and Xiuzhou (both in Zhejiang), and the offensive was sharp, which frightened the Northern Song Dynasty. In order to disintegrate and suppress these two peasant insurgents, Hou Meng of Bozhou wrote to Song Huizong, saying: "Song Jiang, with 36 men, ran past Heshuo, JD.COM and tens of thousands of loyalists, and no one dared to resist. It can be seen that his talents must be more than ordinary people. It is better to forgive and surrender, let him lead the troops to ask Fang La to redeem him, and perhaps to quell the rebellion in the southeast. " Song Huizong appreciated this idea very much, and immediately wrote a letter to Zhang Shuye, who had just been appointed as the magistrate of Haizhou, asking him to try to own Song Jiang.
After Zhang Shuye arrived in Haizhou, the insurgents were preparing to attack the city. Song Jiang and Wu Jialiang, deputy commander of the rebel army, carefully analyzed the characteristics of Haizhou Binhai and the Yugoslav capital situation, and decided to break through the sea, so they took the seashore directly and seized more than 0 ships 10. However, all this was detected by detectives sent by Zhang Shuye. Zhang Shuye quickly recruited more than 1 1,000 death squads to ambush near the city; Then, send a small number of foot soldiers to the seaside to lure the war, and ambush the elite soldiers at the seaside at the same time. After the war between the two sides, the ambush swarmed and burned Song Jiang's ships. Although Song Jiang led the troops bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, he was a little flustered when he saw the fire on the ship and his retreat was broken. At this time, Zhang Shuye 56-point thrashing, captured Wu Jialiang alive. Song Jiang was surrounded by heavy troops, and he was in pain, so he had to lead his troops to accept it.
The End of Sung River in Dai Dunbang's Works.
What did Song Jiang do after he accepted the harness? On this issue, there is a great debate among historians, mainly focusing on whether Song Jiang went to levy Fang La. The Fang La Uprising was a peasant uprising that happened almost at the same time as the Sung River Uprising, which was much larger in scale and had much greater influence. After Song Jiang surrendered, he was sent by Song Dynasty to suppress Fang La, which is clearly recorded in the history books. For example, Li Tao's Long History and History as a Mirror, Yang Zhongliang's Long History and History as a Mirror, the compilation of Northern League in the Three Dynasties, and the Outline of Emperor Song in the Ten Dynasties all clearly recorded that after Song Jiang surrendered, he took officers and men to suppress the Fang La uprising, and Song Jiang changed from a peasant uprising leader to an executioner who slaughtered peasant uprisings. However, in 1939, the epitaph of General Gu Wu Yi and General Hedong in the Song Dynasty was unearthed, which is known to historians. It is clearly recorded in the epitaph that Song Jiang did not go to Fang La, and Fang La was arrested after his victory. So some people think that after Fang La Uprising was suppressed by Tong Guan, it turned against Song again. In the fourth year of Xuanhe (1 122), the uprising was finally suppressed by the soldiers who could be saved, and Song Jiang was also killed. Both of them are historical materials, which is true or false, and the historians are arguing endlessly. But two things are certain: Song Jiang only had a little over a year from the uprising to the final failure; He died shortly after the failure of the uprising.
According to the folklore of Haizhou, Sung River did not surrender to Zhang Shuye. Thirty-six Liangshan heroes, including Song Jiang, were killed by Zhang Shuye and buried under the White Tiger Mountain. This is the legendary "Hero Ying". There is also a poem circulating among the people: the white gecko is in the shade of the tree, and the vegetation in front of the grave is lush. Ask whose grave it is, Liangshan hero. However, according to a poem by Li Ruoshui, an American scholar discovered by Ma Tailai at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Last year, Song Jiang set out for Shandong and invaded the battlefield by day. Killing people and mowing grass one after another, I heard it badly nine times. Big book and yellow paper flew in, and 36 people paid homage to each other. The ugly and fat man is arrogant, and the ladies and gentlemen are still surprised. This year, Jiang Yang set out from Hebei, and the rules of war were ahead of schedule. Oh, my God, I'm sorry, but I hope the regime will quit soon. I heard that the official position should be with Germany, but it is wrong to accuse Cao Wu. It is not the best policy to surrender the situation, and politics lures potential fierce heirs to abuse their power. Why don't you send a letter to the ministries and agencies, and he will come back to keep the appointment. I can't fight against Gao Tian, so I'm relieved to be crazy about the temple. " Li Ruoshui wrote this poem in the second year after Song Jiang surrendered, when Fang La was also killed. As can be seen from the poem, thirty-six people of Sung River really surrendered to Zhang Shuye, and they were all sealed off, which was still a quite sensational event at that time.