The crossword puzzle is a word game, which is a unique language and cultural phenomenon of the Han nationality. Mainly based on the characteristics of complex strokes, relatively independent radicals and changeable structural combinations, Chinese characters are created in various ways, such as clutch, loss-increasing, pictographic and knowing. There are broad and narrow definitions of crossword puzzles. A word puzzle in a broad sense refers to all word puzzles, such as word puzzles, word puzzles, sentence puzzles and so on. In a narrow sense, a crossword puzzle refers to a riddle of a Chinese character. The latter pays attention to the combination of writing forms and the collocation of radicals, and describes the components of Chinese characters from the perspectives of form, function and meaning. The expression of words is short, and the rhetorical skills of writing words and riddles are also high. This book mainly discusses crossword puzzles in a narrow sense, that is, crossword puzzles.
Crossword puzzles have a long history in China, which are widely spread, varied and endless. It is very popular among literati, and it is also used in political struggle and divination. In modern times, crossword puzzles are more popular as a high-level entertainment. In the form of crossword puzzles, people split and clutch regular Chinese characters in various ways that are not in line with the principles of philology. In this unpredictable physical isolation process, it not only highlights the characteristics of physical knots contained in Chinese characters, but also fully demonstrates people's intuitive understanding of the physical structure of Chinese characters. Studying crossword puzzles can reveal the laws of creation and design contained in crossword puzzles, help to sort out traditional national culture, and reveal the folk interpretation characteristics of orthodox Chinese characters that are outside the orthodox writing theory.
[Edit this paragraph] 1. The artistic composition of crossword puzzles
From the expression of the language structure of crossword puzzles, crossword puzzles consist of three parts: crossword puzzles, answers and puzzles.
A riddle is a word that is said or written to provide clues to a riddle. The answer is the ontological thing that people have to guess. The answer is the real meaning of the puzzle. In most crossword puzzles, one answer is a Chinese character.
Like other art forms, the most memorable and attractive thing about crossword puzzles is its external manifestation-crossword puzzles. This riddle embodies the essence of crossword puzzle. It usually consists of short and pithy words, phrases, sentences or ballads and poems with expressive power. Mysterious language has very special requirements. First of all, it should be concise, vivid and easy to understand. The main features of Chinese characters in crossword puzzles can only be vividly expressed by the images of things. It is not popular to pile up long, obscure and boring conceptual terms. Secondly, the main contents of the mystery are highly concentrated and summarized, such as the typical characteristics of Chinese characters, such as strokes, glyphs or lexical meanings of Chinese characters, which provide a true and credible basis for people to find and reveal the mystery. If the conditions provided by the riddle are not sufficient, people can't find the answer through this riddle, that is, the face is opposite to the bottom, and the riddle is not the answer. Third, it is generally not appropriate to describe the characteristics of Chinese characters in crossword puzzles in a direct way, but to hide the various situations of Chinese characters in crossword puzzles very cleverly and express themselves. A good riddle should be implicit, subtle and tortuous; Unshielded straightforward expression will destroy the interest of crossword puzzles and make them lose their due value. So riddles usually use a sentence with different meanings and full of hints. On the surface, it tells another story that has nothing to do with the real intention of the riddle, which induces people to take the completely opposite road to the riddle, but on the other hand, it is closely related to the Chinese characters of the riddle, thus causing "another solution" in the riddle. Solving puzzles is the main means to add mystery and complete crossword puzzles.
Here are some examples to illustrate this point. For example, "birds can't find their feet on the mountain, and they can't find water everywhere." This passage depicts a strange and vivid scene: a big bird flies to a hill. It stops falling behind and finds water everywhere, even its own feet are gone. The scene described in the riddle is strange, but this is not the main meaning it wants to express. In addition to the direct meaning of the riddle, there is another deeper meaning. The riddle not only tells the scene of big birds and mountains, but also puts forward various conditions or regulations. These conditions and regulations are related to Chinese characters. "Birds", "landing on the mountain", "feet missing" and "water all around" are all riddles that show us the situation. Chinese characters that meet these conditions are the answer. A bird without feet () landed on the head of "mountain", which should be the word "island". The meaning of the word "island" also meets the requirement of "there is water on all sides of the mountain". It can be seen that the riddle, similar to a code word full of suggestive meaning, is ready to guess all kinds of conditions and clues under a evasive appearance. Speculators can't be fooled by its superficial meaning. What he has to do is to think and understand the true meaning of this "code word" and find the correct answer according to the various regulations and restrictions shown in the riddle.
A complete crossword puzzle, besides riddles and answers, there is also a riddle. Riddle is a word belonging to riddle, which plays a certain role in limiting the scope and quantity of riddle. The scope of the riddle is quite wide. Not only crossword puzzles, but also puzzles about things and things. The mystery of things is that the answer is the riddle of concrete things. A riddle is a riddle whose answer is a certain behavior or action. The mystery of things and the mystery of things are very different not only from the scope of puzzles, but also from the design and expression of puzzles. In order to make puzzles clear what answers they want to guess, it is necessary to use riddles in riddles to specify the approximate range of answers. At the end of a riddle, brackets are usually used to explain "typing" or "guessing" so that people can understand that this riddle is used to guess words. In crossword puzzles, another special function of puzzles is to distinguish one-sided puzzles from one-sided puzzles. One side is a riddle, which means there is only one answer to a riddle. Most crossword puzzles belong to this type. One side has many bottoms, that is, a riddle has two or more answers. This is also often used in crossword puzzles. For example:
Only poplars are horses. (type a word)-pestle
They are almost all soldiers. (Type)-Ping, Ping.
It's cloudy and dark, short and long, hot and cold day and night. (type a word)-Ming
Example 1 is a puzzle with one side and one bottom, and example 2 is a puzzle with multiple bottoms. As for example 3, it is a comparison between the left and right sides. If you only look at the words of the riddle, there is no obvious difference in expression between a riddle with one bottom and a riddle with many bottoms. In a sentence crossword puzzle, as long as it meets the conditions, it can be used to do one crossword puzzle or two or more crossword puzzles. In order to let the guesser know the exact meaning of this riddle, the number of riddles is specified by "typing one word" and "typing four words" after the riddle. The regulations and restrictions on the types of riddles and the number of words answered by riddles point out the way for riddles and expand their functions.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. Gorgeous and long history
The earliest crossword puzzles originated in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Hidden Chapter" said: "Since the Wei Dynasty, it has not been condescending, but the gentleman laughed and turned into a riddle." Liu Xie said that riddles came into being in Wei and Jin Dynasties because the literati at that time created many independent and complete crossword puzzles. For example, a poem named "Li Hezuo County" written by Kong Rong, a great writer at that time, has four words in each sentence, and every four or two sentences refer to one word. The whole poem is twenty-two sentences long, * * * eighty-eight. The full text is as follows:
Fishermen bend over and water hides; Keep pace with the times and leave the temple. Lv Gong Loki hook, lower mouth; The nine realms are sacred, and no soil is king. Goodness is integrity, and women belong to Kuang; There are herrings overseas, and falcons fly. Six purlins will be excited, but the feather instrument is not obvious; The sting of the dragon and snake makes it forget "(Kong Rong's Ci). Kong Rong's "Poems of Separation" is currently recognized as the earliest complete and mature crossword puzzle in China. In this period, in addition to the form of poetry, people often use objects other than language to express the mystery of words. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Wu Jie" records that when Yang Xiu was the editor-in-chief, he had built a state house for Cao Cao. When the roof truss was first built, Cao Cao came out to inspect it, which was quite unpleasant. So he wrote a word "live" on the door of Guo Xiang Mansion and left without saying a word. At the sight of this word, Yang Xiu immediately had the gate of Guo Xiang House torn down and rebuilt. He said: "The word' wide' is added to the' door'. Wang Wei thinks the door is too small. "After the story spread, Cao Cao's clever riddle guessing and Yang Xiu's riddle guessing victory were all described as beautiful stories by people at that time. In the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, crossword puzzles became popular. Many scholars and celebrities like crossword puzzles and think it is elegant music. Pan Yue in Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian and Bao Zhao in Southern Dynasty, Wang Rong in Qi State, Xiao Xunzhi and Chen Shenjiong in Liang State, etc. , have made a lot of similar to Kong Rong's clutch crossword puzzle. Of course, from the perspective of the jigsaw puzzle making skills in this period, there has been great development. On the side of clutch characters, pictographs, metaphors, understanding, name culture and other methods are also mixed, which has a positive impact on later crossword puzzles.
In the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, riddles and riddles were very popular. Crossword puzzles are no longer limited to scribes, but have penetrated into every corner of social life. Various traces left by crossword puzzles can be found in nursery rhymes, Fu Rui's divination, inscriptions, seal script, novel notes, acrobatic skills and wine argot. From emperors and princes to ordinary people, it has become a temporary trend to take mystery as fun, take mystery as a play and compete for riddles. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, crossword puzzles and crossword puzzles were also regarded as a skill, and some people could make a living by doing it. The best of them will be famous all over the world and will remain immortal. Song and Wu's "Dream Novel Telling History" notes: "Businessmen should congratulate them with drums first. Then gather people to guess poetry riddles, word riddles, crime riddles and social riddles, all of which are code words. " ..... Hang Zhi's riddle, say a word or two. If anyone goes back to the monk and Ma Dingzhai, remember to ask Bo Qia, who has long been famous. "This just shows the popularity of crossword puzzles at that time and people's respect for people who can do crossword puzzles and crossword puzzles.
The role of crossword puzzles in history is mainly manifested in the following five aspects:
(1) Use crossword puzzles to serve political propaganda, diplomatic activities and military struggles. The ancient micro-book quoted the deep agreement of filial piety, and there was a prophet's saying: "Bao Wen went out and Liu Ji held it." Jinmao Road, in the north. "The word' wozi' is suitable for the whole world." "Golden Knife", also known as "Liu"; "Wozi" is called "season". Emperor gaozu liu bang, word season. This prediction is obviously that Liu Bang wants to unify the world and create public opinion for the divine right of monarchy.
In diplomatic situations, crossword puzzles are often used as weapons of struggle. The story of the reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu Xue Zong: When he went to the State of Wu, he used a crossword puzzle to laugh at the name of Kan Ze, a senior minister, in front of Sun Quan. Kan Ze is not good at this and can't answer. Zhang Feng couldn't help feeling smug when he thought that he had lost the face of the Wu people. At this time, Xue Zong, the minister of Wu, took part in the answer and said, "I have a mystery to ask my husband:' Dogs are Shu without dogs; If you cross the fence, the worm will enter its abdomen. The word "Shu" is everywhere in this mysterious poem Zhang Feng felt that the name of this country had been insulted, so he reluctantly replied, "Please compare your country of Wu with this method. "Xue Zong replied:" No mouth is heaven, and the mouth of heaven is the country; King's Landing is the capital of all countries. " So all the officials laughed, and the shame Zhang Feng brought to himself made him very embarrassed.
In military struggle, crossword puzzles are often used as contact signals for military operations. During the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, Xu Jingye assembled Yangzhou troops to prepare for rebellion, and the secretariat ordered Pei Yan to coordinate within the imperial court. The result was not kept secret and leaked. When the imperial court tried Pei Yan's rebellion case, it only found a letter he wrote to Xu Jingye, in which only the word "Green Goose" was written. At last, Wu Zetian saw through it and said, "This is a code word. Young people,1February; Goose, I am self-sufficient. " It turns out that the word "green" can be divided into three fonts: "December"; The word "goose" can be divided into three words: "yourself and yourself". Pei Yan agreed to the Xu Jingye1February uprising, and he wanted to start from the inside. From then on, Pei Yan surrendered to the law and the rebellion was defeated.
People often use crossword puzzles as a weapon of struggle when they resist feudal rule and vent their dissatisfaction. According to Records of Five Elements in the History of the Later Han Dynasty, at the end of the Han Dynasty, Xian Di and Dong Zhuo were good at power, subverting the Chaogang and killing the people, which caused strong dissatisfaction among the people. Therefore, Beijingers make up nursery rhymes: "A thousand grasses, He Qingqing; Ten days before noon, no birth. In nursery rhymes, the word "Senecio" and the word "Dong" are combined into the word "Zhuo" after ten days of divination. He is green "and" not born "means that Dong Zhuo, despite his great power, can't escape the punishment of the people. This song cleverly curses the overbearing and unscrupulous authority.
(2) crossword puzzles are an important part of ancient proverbs, poems, novels, plays and various literary and artistic works. As early as the beginning of crossword puzzles in Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties, ancient poems and songs had fully absorbed various forms of crossword puzzles. According to Zhai Hao's "Common Compilation, Knowing Redundancy" in the Qing Dynasty, in the folk songs such as midnight and reading classics in Yuefu in the Six Dynasties, homophony was often used to compare the meaning of poetry. Such as: "Fog dew hibiscus, lotus is not clear." Take "Furong" as "Furong"; Take "lotus" as "pity" (love). "When you look at the trail of a cow at dusk, you know it's a hoofprint." Take "hoof" as "crow" "sunny in the east, rainy in the west, sunny on the road." Take "sunny" as "sentiment". Such mysteries are too numerous to mention. At that time, the literati also suppressed a sense of mystery and created many ancient poems with unique feelings. For example, a clutch poem written by Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "The ancients complained about the letter, and the ten days were not finished. It hurts to add me to my heart. The play is for tourists, don't forget your virginity. " This poem is five words and six sentences, full of sadness of parting. In every two sentences, the words "mouth", "force" and "knife" are implied by separation respectively, and the word "don't" is formed after synthesis. Like this kind of ancient poem, its poem (mystery) accords with mystery and its writing level is extremely high. The way of obscure meaning in ancient poetry is inherited by later poets, because it can gently pour out the poet's feelings and make poetry more implicit and rich. For example, Tang Mengchi's poem "Boudoir Love" said: "There are mountains on the mountain, and there is no return, and the Xiangjiang River is raining." "There is a mountain on the mountain" not only describes the difficulties and obstacles of the journey, but also hides the word "Chu", which gives full play to the expressive force of Chinese characters, just like making the finishing point and adding luster to the whole poem. Su Songshi's "Burning an Open Fire at Night": "Sit and watch the eighteen gongs and pitch the ashes." Using the word "eighteen males" to hide the word "pine" is very clever in personification and also benefits from the separation of crossword puzzles.
Crossword puzzles used in novels and operas often become an important part of the whole story. The legendary novel Xie Xiaoe written by Li Gong of Tang Dynasty tells that Xie Xiaoe's father and fiance were killed by thieves when they went out. Xie Xiaoe saw her father in a dream that night and said, "Whoever killed me is the monkey in the car." I dreamed that her fiance said, "whoever kills me will walk in the grass and be a husband for a day." These two words imply the names of the murderers "Shen Lan" and "Shen Chun". After Xie Xiaoe solved the mystery, she disguised herself as a man and made an unannounced visit, so she avenged her father's death. This story, which takes crossword puzzles as the main clue to catch the murderer and help solve the case, is very unique and has a unique conception, which opens the way for later crossword puzzles to enter the novel story. In China's traditional drama, crossword puzzles are full of fun. In the Romance of the West Chamber written by Dong Jieyuan in Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Sheng and Yingying meet privately, and there is a matchmaker's saying that "the month is on March 35", in which "March 35" means the fifteenth night. At this time, Yingying's conscious anger when answering the book and solving the riddle, the matchmaker's panic when he didn't solve the riddle, and the joy after seeing Zhang Sheng solve the riddle made the whole play reach its climax.
(3) The ancients also used crossword puzzles to test intelligence, talent and entertain people, and used them as elegant music in various gathering occasions such as banquets and amusement. Ji Xu's speed in solving crossword puzzles is a way for the ancients to identify each other's talents. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Enlightenment" records that Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, led an army to pass by the Cao E Monument. See the inscription on the tablet: "yellow silk young woman, grandson mortar." So he asked Yang Xiu, the Master Book, "Do you understand?" Yang Xiu replied, "Yes." Wei Wudi said: "Let's not talk about it for the time being, let me think about it." After traveling thirty miles, Wei Wudi said, "I found it." They answered each other's questions and knew that "yellow silk" is a kind of colored silk, and the combination of "color" and "color" is "unique"; "Young women" are "young" and "women", which together are "wonderful"; "Sun" is the "son" of "female", and when combined, it is "good"; "Nine" is a spicy thing, and the combination of "longevity" and "Xin" is "longevity". The inscription on the stone tablet contains the word "wonderful and good". As soon as this mystery was revealed, I sighed, "I am not as good as Qing, but I feel three miles."
At banquets and other gathering occasions, people often use crossword puzzles instead of drinking, singing and dancing for entertainment, rewarding those who guess correctly and punishing those who don't. Yang Xuanzhi's "Galand in Luoyang" in the Northern Wei Dynasty records that once Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty gave a banquet to entertain his ministers. When the wine is warm, the toast is puzzling: "Who can tell the difference between three and three horizontal and two and two vertical?" . "Three three horizontal lines, two two vertical lines" is a stroke to disassemble the word "feather", "Admiralty" is a wine glass, which was also called "Dabai" in ancient times. The words "feather" and "white" are combined into the word "Xi". This riddle was guessed by King Cheng Peng, which is a very pleasant thing. Gao Yuan Deji's Chronicle of Pingshan said that when Yuan Dalu's flowers were stripped of red thorns for the Lord of the country, they got together one day and once casually ordered: "A word has four words and a cross; One word has four crosses, and one word is spoken. " The first two sentences refer to "map" and the last sentence refers to "completion". The puzzle was so difficult that no one here guessed correctly, and everyone was fined a large glass of wine.
(4) Ancient crossword puzzles often contain the names of the authors of ancient books, the dates of construction and reconstruction of ancient monuments and tombs, and the names and formation dates of the owners of monuments and tombs. Whether you know the special expression of crossword puzzles and whether you can accurately decipher ancient crossword puzzles often becomes the key to textual research and identification of ancient books and cultural relics. There was a famous historical book Yue Jue Shu in Guangwu era of Eastern Han Dynasty. This book doesn't have the author's name, but it is replaced by poetry in the preface. The poem says: "Take going as your surname and getting clothes as your success. There is one meter in the name, which continues with Geng. Yu Donglai, buried in his hometown. If you don't blame yourself, class is self-evident. Wen is a word, and he is a sage of the country. Take the mouth as the surname and carry on the family line. Chu Xiang Qu Yuan, with the same name. " The author of this book has never been known because it doesn't say who wrote it. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen, a great writer, carefully studied the preface of this book, only to know that this book was written by Yuan Kang and Wu Ping from the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the original poem, "taking going as the surname and getting clothes as success" implies "one"? (Yuan) "The name of the word Jue has rice, which continues with Geng" is a reference to the word "Kang"; Yu Donglai came to bury his hometown and died ",which is the author's self-report that he is a Huiji person. Taking the mouth as the surname, inheriting the sky ",alluding to the word" Wu "; Chu Xiang Qu Yuan, with the same name, is a metaphor for the word "Ping" (Qu Yuan's name is Ping). With the solution of this mystery, Yuejueshu has been paid more and more attention and become an important historical book to study the history of wuyue during the Warring States Period.
When Xu Linyan, the father of Xu Xuan, a philologist in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was a county magistrate in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, he dug up a stone tablet of "Xu Wei Temple, Late Han Dynasty" in the county government. The inscription was written by Xu Shao, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He commented that Cao Cao was a "minister who could rule the world and a traitor in troubled times". The inscription is gorgeous and full of momentum, but the last eight words, "When you finish the ceremony, count seven in the main field", I don't know what it means. It took Xu a long time to guess that these eight words were a mystery, meaning "Restoration of Xu Bei". It turned out that the inscriptions on Xu Qi's tomb were eroded by wind and rain. By the Tang Dynasty, the inscriptions had all been eroded and blurred. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, when the Xu descendants were repairing the tomb, they re-engraved the original tablet and added these eight words. "Talking about horses" means "Xu"; "Libi" refers to the word "monument"; "Main field" means "heavy"; Counting to seven means standing. If you don't know the meaning of "after saying Ma Li, the main field counts seven", then you will mistake the stone tablets re-carved in the Tang Dynasty for those of the Han Dynasty.
(5) In addition, ancient crossword puzzles were also used by various superstitious activities. For example, testing characters, drawing lots, fortune telling, dream interpretation and divination all use Chinese characters to confuse and deceive people. Song Dynasty's "Cai Tae talks about Tiewei Mountain": When Song Huizong was in China, Xie Shi, a native of Chengdu, made a fortune by writing big characters in Beijing and was famous for his fortune telling. One day, Song Huizong asked the Prince of the East Palace to write a word "Tai" and asked Xie Shi to calculate it. Xie Shi knew about this for a long time. When he saw this word, he pretended to be surprised and said, "This word has the style of a son of heaven! The point below the word' too' is written longer, just like a horizontal line. " If you move this over the word "big", isn't that the word "heaven" of the son of heaven? "This method of changing characters by moving strokes is widely used in life signs.
[Edit this paragraph] Third, the characteristics of modern crossword puzzles
Modern crossword puzzles are developed on the basis of ancient crossword puzzles. After liberation, crossword puzzles, an ancient traditional cultural and recreational activity, gained a new life and showed a scene of vigorous development. This kind of "advanced riddle", which has always been appreciated and tasted by only a few literati, has appeared constantly in various organized collective activities, and has developed to an unprecedented stage in both form and content, playing an increasingly important role in enriching people's cultural life and cultivating people's sentiments.
The characteristics of modern crossword puzzles are mainly manifested in the following five aspects:
(1) crossword puzzles have received unprecedented attention and support, and crossword puzzles and crossword puzzles have been widely popularized. In the past, crossword puzzles were played by only a few people. Even in the traditional Lantern Festival, only a few crossword puzzles met the masses. Now, crossword puzzles have become a regular item in New Year's Day, Spring Festival, May Day, National Day and various entertainment and party activities. During the period of 1979, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province held a four-day "National Nine-City Lantern Riddle Competition", which brought together all kinds of crossword puzzles and became a great event in the history of contemporary crossword puzzles. In addition, the introduction of columns in various newspapers and magazines and their regular and irregular publication have greatly changed the way of spreading and guessing crossword puzzles. There are all kinds of books that collect and explain crossword puzzles in bookstores, which are in short supply. All these have played an important role in learning crossword puzzles, prospering the creation of crossword puzzles and promoting the study of crossword puzzles.
(2) Modern crossword puzzles have distinct characteristics of the times and play an important role in reflecting the development and changes of social life, the progress of the times and the prosperity of science. In modern crossword puzzles, many people eulogize a happy life and infinite yearning for the future. For example, the "Dan" crossword puzzle: "The old look is new." "Ling" crossword puzzle: "China leads by one goal." It reflects people's increasing understanding of national strength. Another example is the "Hui" crossword puzzle: "Unite around the CPC Central Committee." "Yu" crossword puzzle: "System reform changes people." It reflects people's confidence in reform and opening up. New socialist ideas, new morals and new fashions have also entered the crossword puzzle, injecting new blood into the crossword puzzle. For example, the "Russian" crossword puzzle: "There were ancestors first." "Eight" crossword puzzle: "Public and forget private." These puzzles have profound ideological significance and good social effects.
In order to meet the propaganda needs of situational education, some crossword puzzles are often done on a specific topic, which is entertaining and gives people a subtle influence. For example, in order to cooperate with afforestation and green the motherland, people have created a "straight" word puzzle: "Arbor Day." "Tea" crossword puzzle: "Planting trees and grass has greatly changed the face." "Fan" crossword puzzle: "Qi Xin, Qi Xin, build its forest" and so on. In order to promote family planning, a "Japanese" crossword puzzle was created: "Everyone should marry later." Zhong's crossword puzzle: "A couple and a child." "Jue" crossword puzzle: "The population of the whole country must be controlled" and so on. In addition, such as the "autumn" puzzle: "Smoking every day is the cause." It is to promote smoking cessation. "Xu" crossword puzzle: "Nanchang welcomes Chaoyang on August 1." This is to celebrate the Army Day. "Tan" crossword puzzle: "National Day welcomes the sunrise." This is to celebrate the National Day.
With the pace of reform and opening up and the strengthening of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, a novel crossword puzzle of "combining Chinese and foreign languages" has emerged and become popular. If you use "melon connected to vine, vine connected to melon" as a riddle, guess the English letter "Q". Do riddles with the English word "good morning" and guess the Chinese character "Tan". They are all novel and interesting. In addition, new knowledge and technology have also entered the crossword puzzle. If you use "unit for measuring sound intensity", please type "difference" (decibel). "Bingo", type "one" (the "one" in Zi), and so on. These puzzles consciously use their unique social functions to serve modern society.
(3) Modern crossword puzzles have fully absorbed the essence of traditional crossword puzzles and developed healthily on the basis of continuous innovation. The traditional crossword puzzles in China are basically healthy. But there are also a few vulgar and backward things, especially ancient Chinese characters such as Fu Rui, prophecy, prophecy and divination, which are superstitious activities in the form of crossword puzzles. Therefore, we must be critical of the traditional crossword puzzle, take its dross and its essence, and make the crossword puzzle develop healthily under the new historical conditions. The attitude of modern crossword puzzles to traditional crossword puzzles is nothing more than inheritance, transformation and elimination. The eliminated parts of crossword puzzles, in terms of ideological content, are mostly vulgar or unhealthy, as well as stale feudal ethics preaching. From the form of expression, the eliminated part is too far-fetched, or too uncommon or bizarre in terms of words, allusions and cases. Such crossword puzzles are also unacceptable to modern people. On the contrary, those legendary crossword puzzles with healthy content, full of life, clever bottom buttons, popular and fluent language and vivid and interesting forms are mostly absorbed by modern crossword puzzles. For example, according to legend, Wang Anshi wrote the riddle of "Day" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Draw a garden, write one side, the east is short, and the summer is long". It captures the shape and characteristics of the puzzle, highlights its internal contradictions, and the puzzle is concise and vivid, which is deeply loved by the people and widely circulated. Many crossword puzzles have also been rebuilt and appeared in a new look. Some take their manufacturing methods and endow them with the characteristics of the times. For example, Bao Zhao's "Earth" crossword puzzle in the Southern Dynasties: "Dry word nine, only standing without a couple; Kun is the second largest, it seems to be two nights. "This riddle is difficult for modern people to understand because it involves gossip knowledge. But according to its original meaning, the first two sentences of this riddle can get the word "one" and the last two sentences can get the word "ten". When "one" and "ten" are combined, the answer is obtained. So people today may change it to "mat sports" or make it "100 MINUS 89". This riddle is easy to understand, the language is fresh and concise, full of the flavor of the times and easy to accept and spread.
On the basis of inheriting traditional crossword puzzles, modern crossword puzzles constantly create many new riddles that reflect the characteristics of the times. As far as the forms of crossword puzzles are concerned, people not only accept and inherit the ancient riddles such as poems, words, stories, things, paintings and riddles, but also constantly come up with new forms such as mathematical formula riddles, foreign alphabet riddles, Chinese phonetic alphabet riddles, seal riddles, poker riddles, chess riddles, symbol riddles, two-part allegorical sayings riddles, ballads riddles, calligraphy riddles and clock riddles, all of which are new. In addition, the making methods and rhetorical skills of puzzles are constantly improving, which is more developed than traditional puzzles.
(4) The modern crossword puzzle is an eclectic style with simplified characters as the main body, and traditional characters and variant characters are not excluded. The main object of crossword puzzles is words. The historical changes of Chinese characters' glyphs and fonts have a great influence on the compilation of crossword puzzles. After liberation, the government promulgated a script reform plan, which simplified Chinese characters and abolished some traditional and variant characters. Therefore, the modern popular Chinese characters with simplified characters as the main body are the answers to modern puzzles. Such as "listen" crossword puzzle: "add half a catty." "Do" crossword puzzle: "A little effort." Wait, they are all designed for simplified Chinese characters. However, modern crossword puzzles do not completely exclude traditional Chinese characters and variant characters. If crossword puzzles are needed, they will also be used when variant characters or traditional characters enter. For example, gold is the traditional form of gold, which can be divided into benevolence, xing and Jia. To use "behavioral beauty" as a riddle, we must choose the traditional Chinese character "gold". For another example, "Sheng" is a variant of "sound". In order to express the meaning of "the east is red, the sun rises", we still have to choose "Sheng" as the puzzle. Besides using traditional Chinese characters and variant characters in puzzles, some puzzles also use them. For example, the word "Ling" is a crossword puzzle: "Over the mountains." "Ling" is the traditional form of "Ling". The riddle means that you can get the word "Ling" by turning over the "mountain" of "Ling". This riddle is obviously not suitable for simplifying the word "Ling". Although traditional Chinese characters and variants are not widely used in modern crossword puzzles, with the increasing cultural exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas, mainland crossword puzzles flood into Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan or overseas, or overseas crossword puzzles are introduced into the mainland, and the number of traditional Chinese characters and variants will continue to increase, which deserves the attention of crossword puzzle makers and guessers.
1 crossword puzzle (type a word) Where is the second wife?
Crossword puzzles (typing a word) interrupt thinking
3-word crossword puzzle (idiom) 100-meter race
4 crossword puzzles (type one word) person-to-person
5 crossword puzzles (typing a word) are like once.
A 6-word puzzle (typing one word) is a decisive and powerful man
Seven crossword puzzles around dusk (typing one word)
The crossword puzzle (typing a word) was pushed away and spread again.
9 crossword puzzles (typing a word) move to the right place.
10 crossword puzzle with four broken edges (type one word)
1 1 crossword puzzle (typing a word) She can't answer even if she pulls.
12 crossword puzzle (typing one word) comes last.
13 crossword puzzle (type one word) The scenery of Reunion
14 crossword puzzle (type one word) tables and chairs are ready.
15 crossword puzzle (type one word) Everyone walks on the crosswalk.
16 crossword puzzle (type one word)
17 crossword puzzle (typing one word) scores one foot a day.
18 crossword puzzle (type one word) Water pier pump
19 crossword puzzle (typing a word) can't break the cause.
A fire broke out in the 20-character puzzle (typing one word) and a no-smoking area was marked out.
2 1 crossword puzzle (type one word) fierce horizontal area
22 crossword puzzles (type one word) Large factories use more electricity.
23 crossword puzzles (typing a word) want to talk, but can't hear running water.
24 crossword puzzles (typing a word) have ulterior motives and are difficult to say.
Twenty-five crossword puzzles (typing one word) are all valuable in these two gold points.
26 crossword puzzles (typing one word) Tim Ding Can was imported.
27 crossword puzzles (typing one word) Miss Erzi
28-character crossword puzzle (typing one word) Singing Cao at sunset.
29 crossword puzzles (typing a word) are surrounded by mountains and waters.
30-word crossword puzzle (type one word) The rising sun never makes nine.
3 1 crossword puzzle (type one word) wave goodbye to the army
32 crossword puzzle (typing a word) is missing a horizontal line, don't stop guessing.
The crossword puzzle (typing a word) is not in place.
Crossword puzzle (type a word) Cyclops province
35 crossword puzzles (typing a word) The sunset is fragrant, and a little baldness is washed away.
36 crossword puzzles (typing a word) have a head and a tail, and there are four mouths in the middle.
37 crossword puzzles (typing a word) lose a lot because of small.
38 crossword puzzles (typing one word) are ingenious, with four sides and eight feet.
39 crossword puzzles (typing a word) are exposed at dusk.
A 40-word puzzle (typing a word) is an arrow through the heart.
4 1 crossword puzzle before taking office (typing one word), after failing the list
42 crossword puzzles (typing one word) Poor farmers are poor to decibels.
43 crossword puzzles (typing one word) CCTV grows a grass English.
44 crossword puzzles (type one word) People build health.
Crossword puzzle (typing a word) A man in a straw hat is standing on a piece of wood drinking tea.