Located in: Li County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province
Li County is located in the west of Sichuan Province, the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, on the southeastern edge of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, at 30°54′43″ north latitude— 31°12′12″, east longitude 102°32′46″-103°30′30″. National Highway 317 runs through the entire territory along the Zagunao River, bordering Maoxian and Heishui in the northeast, Xiaojin in the southwest, Wenchuan in the southeast, and Malkang and Hongyuan in the northwest. The county has a total area of ??4313.42 square kilometers, 202 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu, and 193 kilometers away from the state capital Malkang. The geological structure is interrupted by the Longmenshan fault zone. The territory has undulating mountains with an average altitude of 2,700 meters. The climate is a mountainous three-dimensional climate, with heavy precipitation in spring and summer and short frost-free period in winter. The annual rainfall is between 650 mm and 1,000 mm. The valley area has an annual The average temperature is 6.9℃-11℃. The county's soil is divided into 9 soil categories, 15 subcategories, 17 soil genera, and 27 soil species.
Li County is rich in resources and has beautiful scenery. The main resource advantages include forests, fruits, livestock, peppers, vegetables, medicines, electricity, minerals, etc., with great development potential. Forestry land accounts for 51.8% of the county's total land area, with a standing stock volume of 26 million cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 30.07%. Economic forest trees are mainly apples, peppers, and walnuts, as well as grapes, cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, pomegranates, etc. There are 1.61 million acres of natural pastureland, and the effective utilization area is 1.12 million acres, providing good prospects for the development of animal husbandry. Li County is also rich in various natural medicinal materials, such as Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Gastrodia, Astragalus, Qianghuo, Angelica, etc., all of good quality. The construction of Lixian commodity base has begun to take shape. It is one of the main autumn and off-season vegetable bases in Chengdu. The main vegetables include Chinese cabbage, lotus root, etc.
Li County is criss-crossed with ravines, rich in water resources, and has large river heights. The amount of hydropower that can be developed reaches more than 1.04 million kilowatts. The industry focuses on developing water energy resources. At present, Ganbao Power Station, Li County Power Station, Hongye I and II power stations, etc., those under construction or in early development include Huilongqiao Power Station, Miyaluo Power Station, Dagoukou Power Station, Shibaguai Power Station, Shiziping Longtou Reservoir, Xuecheng Power Station, Gucheng Power Station, etc. , and there are also some high-energy-carrying enterprises.
Mineral resources have been initially proven to include copper, tin, iron, lead, zinc, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium, etc. Non-metals include marble, silica, emery, quartz stone, mica, and granite. , sulfur, etc.
Li County has high mountains and deep valleys, and beautiful scenery. It has a provincial-level scenic spot-Miyaluo Red Leaf Scenic Area, a provincial-level famous spring-Gulgou "Shenfeng Hot Spring", and an Oriental Castle-Taoping Qiang Village. , Bi Penggou natural scenery, etc.
The county has jurisdiction over 4 towns (Zagunao Town, Miyaluo Town, Xuecheng Town, Gurgou Town) and 9 townships (Jiabi Township, Putou Township, Ganbao Township, Pu Xi Township, Shangmeng Township, Xiameng Township, Muka Township, Tonghua Township, Taoping Township). There are 81 village committees, 202 village groups, and 4 neighborhood committees. The total population at the end of the year was 43,902, including: 21,064 Tibetan people, accounting for 48% of the total population; 13,894 Qiang people, accounting for 32% of the total population; 8,699 Han people, accounting for 19.5% of the total population; and 245 people of other ethnic groups, accounting for 30% of the total population. 0.5%. The agricultural population is 36,000 and the cultivated land area is 40,000 acres. The birth rate is 6.7‰, and the natural population growth rate is 2.7‰.
Physical Geography
Li County is located in the west of Sichuan Province, the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southeastern edge of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. National Highway 317 runs through the entire territory along the Zagunao River, bordering Maoxian and Heishui in the northeast, Xiaojin in the southwest, Wenchuan in the southeast, and Malkang and Hongyuan in the northwest. The county has a total area of ??4313.42 square kilometers, 202 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu, and 193 kilometers away from the state capital Malkang.
The terrain is in the form of a winding and undulating three-dimensional unit, with the surface sloping from northwest to southeast. The landform type is low-mid mountain - medium mountain - high mountain - very high mountain, which is a typical mid-alpine canyon area. The territory has continuous mountains with overlapping peaks and ridges, with an altitude of 1,422 to 5,922 meters. There are huge differences in height and crisscrossing valleys.
Li County is crisscrossed with ravines, rich in water resources, and has large river heights. The amount of hydropower that can be developed reaches more than 1.04 million kilowatts. The Zagunao River (historically known as Tuoshui River) flows from northwest to southeast, across the entire territory, and flows into the Minjiang River in Wenchuan County.
Soil, climate, vegetation and even agricultural and animal husbandry production all have obvious vertical distribution differences in mountainous areas, showing the characteristics of a multi-level distribution structure of the main body of the mountains. The climate is affected by three circulations: the northwest Asian westerly air flow, the Indian Ocean warm current and the southeastern Pacific monsoon, forming a monsoon climate. Due to the wide altitude difference, complex terrain and significant climate differences, it has mountainous three-dimensional climate characteristics. In winter, affected by the cold air flow from the north of the Tibetan Plateau, precipitation is scarce, sunshine is strong, sunny and windy; in May and June, the southwest monsoon strengthens, the air is warm and humid, and precipitation increases, forming a rainy season; in July and August, the Tibetan high pressure is stable, and the subtropical high pressure extends westward , precipitation decreases, forming a latent drought; rainfall increases in September and October, forming a low-temperature rainfall season.
Mineral resources Mineral resources include copper, tin, iron, lead, zinc, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium and non-metallic minerals marble, silica, emery sand, quartz stone, mica, granite, Sulfur etc. Among them, only marble, emery sand and silica have been developed and utilized.
Water Energy Resources The rivers have large differences and are rich in water energy resources. The developable capacity reaches 420,000 kilowatts. 37 small and medium-sized power stations have been built, with a total installed capacity of 47 units and 35,400 kilowatts.
Li County is rich in resources and has beautiful scenery. The main resource advantages include forests, fruits, livestock, peppers, vegetables, medicines, electricity, minerals, etc., with great development potential. Forestry land accounts for 51.8% of the county's total land area, with a standing stock volume of 26 million cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 30.07%. Economic forest trees are mainly apples, peppers, and walnuts, as well as grapes, cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, pomegranates, etc. There are 1.61 million acres of natural pastureland, and the effective utilization area is 1.12 million acres, providing good prospects for the development of animal husbandry. Li County is also rich in various natural medicinal materials, such as Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Gastrodia, Astragalus, Qianghuo, Angelica, etc., all of good quality. The construction of Lixian commodity base has begun to take shape. It is one of the main autumn and off-season vegetable bases in Chengdu. The main vegetables include Chinese cabbage, lotus white, etc.
Historical History
In the 17th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1752), Cangwang, the chieftain of Zagu, was exterminated, and the Tujiu Tusi was reorganized into the Fanzhili Hall, with the intention of governing the Fan people. . In the early years of the Republic of China, the prefecture was changed into a county. In the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), the name "Fan" was removed in order to ease ethnic conflicts. Zagunao Town, the county seat, is a homophone of the Tibetan word "Tashilang", which means "auspicious place". It is one of the transportation fortresses and trade markets in northwest Sichuan.
Li County has a long history. Humans lived and multiplied along the Zagunao River in the Neolithic Age. "Yu Gong" is the territory of Liangzhou, and the Qin Dynasty belongs to Jiandidao. In the sixth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Wenshan County was established and entered the central territory. In the third year of Dijie in the Western Han Dynasty (67 BC), Guangrou County was established and belonged to Shu County. In the seventh year of Guanghe (178), Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Hanshan Yu. In the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (587), Jinchuan County was established (the administrative seat is now Kazi Village, Tonghua Township). In the first year of Renshou (601), it was changed to Tonghua County. In the eighth year of Tang Wude's reign (625), Weizhou and Xuecheng counties were established, and later Xiaofeng County, Weizhou and Dinglian counties were established successively. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Bazhou and Baoning counties were established. In the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1407), the Zagu Appeasement Department was established. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1752), he changed his land and returned it to his native land, abolished the Zagu Chieftains, and established the Zagu Hall (the administrative seat is now Xuecheng); in the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1760), it was promoted to Zhili Hall; in the eighth year of Jiaqing's reign ( 1803) was changed to the Lifan Zhili Hall, with a vast jurisdiction, known as "Four Tu, Wu Tun, Jiu Ku, Shi Jia, San Fan, and Liu Li".
In the 2nd year of the Republic of China (1913), it was changed to Lifan County and belonged to Western Sichuan Road. In the 24th year of the Republic of China, it belonged to the 16th Administrative Supervision District of Sichuan Province. In the 35th year of the Republic of China, Lifan County was renamed Li County.
The Li County People's Government was established on January 16, 1950, and it belongs to the Maoxian Prefecture. In November 1951, the county seat was moved from Xuecheng to Zagunao. In July 1958, the county was divided into Maowen Qiang Autonomous County, including Wenchuan and Maoxian. In June 1963, the county was divided into counties and restored to the county level to this day. Zagunao Town, the county seat, is a homophone of the Tibetan word "Tashilang", which means "auspicious place". It is one of the transportation fortresses and trade markets in northwest Sichuan. Zagunao Town spans both sides of the Zagunao River, with a bridge over the river valley, connecting traffic on both sides. It is the hub and center point of National Highway 213 (Cheng-A Highway). It is 202 kilometers away from Chengdu and 190 kilometers away from Maerkang. In 1990, the county was administratively organized into 2 towns, IZ Township, and 82 villages. 4 neighborhood committees and 203 villager groups.
Customs
Guozhuang for Happy Events - Qiang people love to dance Guozhuang for happy events when celebrating the New Year, holding weddings or gatherings of relatives and friends. Everyone sang and danced all night long, it was very lively. Happy event Guozhuang includes "ceremonial dance", "congratulation dance", "Farmer's Day dance", "Game Guozhuang", etc. danced at traditional wedding ceremonies. _
When holding a traditional Qiang wedding, first of all, the village's singing and dancing experts each form a twelve-person "welcoming guest" (male party) and "bridesmaid" (female party). On the wedding day, no matter it is hot or cold, when the guests approach the gate of the village, the bridesmaids will ruthlessly pour water on them to prevent them from entering the village, and wait for the guests to hand over the "entry gift" ” can pass. After entering the village, a "Qiawu Mi" (Qiang language) ceremony will be held. The welcoming guests will give speeches about the origin of human beings and the love story of the new couple. After the speech, the banquet began. The naughty bridesmaid replaced the chopsticks on the table with wheat straws, so that the guests could not eat while seeing the delicious food and wine. The eloquent bridesmaid also made up impromptu lyrics based on the appearance of the guests, and sang and danced, which was full of fun. She also added firewood to the fire pit, making them sweat profusely and miserable. While everyone was laughing happily, the woman's relatives and friends (must be married women) danced a lyrical and beautiful "ceremonial dance". Wearing red skirts and red belts, these women stood in a semicircle in front of the fire pit and sang the joyful song "Japan and West are hot" to wish the people prosperity and harmony. The dancers work in pairs, grabbing each other's partner's red leather belt, doing broken steps and shaking their upper bodies, and then dance in turn. The movement is characterized by keeping the upper body still and turning the waist and hips. "Ritual dance" is still preserved in Weicheng in Chibusu District, Maowen County (the center of the ancient "Nanshui" Qiang tribe) and Yaoping Qiang Village in Li County (this was the center of the ancient "White Dog Qiang" tribe) zone). According to legend, "ceremonial dance" was performed by shamans in ancient times when presiding over ceremonies, and later evolved into women's singing and dancing, but it still retains the characteristics of broken steps, hip thrusting and hip turning. On the morning of the second day of the wedding, the bridesmaids dressed up the bride and sang a "dressing song". Then a young man of the same age carried the bride out of the village gate. The bride was dressed in red, holding a red umbrella in her hand, mounted a horse, and followed the bridesmaids. Surrounded by the bride and groom's guests, they headed to the groom's home in great force. After the ceremony and banquet, singing and dancing began again.
"Congratulations dance" is a dance performed by relatives and friends at banquets. The lyrics are simple and the content is closely related to the wedding. The dance moves mostly start with the right foot stepping forward to the left foot once or twice, which is called "one step" or "two steps". ".
Weddings are inseparable from wine, and there is a wine-themed wine dance. The dance simulates the shape of a peacock and the movements are lively. Throughout the year and in different farming seasons, the Qiang people also like to dance the Guozhuang Dance, also known as the "Farmer's Day Dance". The "Sunless Children" Festival held in the golden autumn period (the first day of October) is popular among some Qiang people such as "Nanshui". On that day, men all wear women's red skirts, hold feathers in their hands and go to the mountains to sing and dance all day long to welcome the singing fairy and pray for blessings and ward off disasters. The "Oyojiu" festival is held on the first day of May to pray to the mountain gods not to rain hail or cause floods, which means praying for good luck and fulfilling wishes. During the festival, people dance the Guozhuang dance "Busy before the Gods", which involves lowering the body, circling the feet, and clapping the hands. The Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, is an important festival for the Qiang village in Li County. It mainly focuses on worshiping the mountain gods. On that day, the "Washawa foot patch" dance is performed. During the dance, the feet alternately step to the left and right, and the arms are stretched out. The steps dance up and down, like an eagle flying. The Qiang Village in Puxi area performs the Guozhuang Dance of "Mi Quan Mi Quan" on the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month. When the guests arrive in front of the village building, the host will serve them highland barley wine, and then the men and women will face each other and dance with rolling pins in hand, in a very happy mood.
The Guozhuang dance with a game color is also called "Game Guozhuang", such as the game Guozhuang in Qazi Qiang Village. The dancers hold hands and stand in a row. After the leader leads everyone around, everyone starts in turn. Went under the armpits of the second and third place people, put their hands on their right shoulders, then walked around in a circle, passed under the armpits of the third and fourth place people, until they had everyone's hands on their shoulders. Like a chain with clasps, it then emerged from the armpits of the last three until it was free. Jumping and walking, the sound of laughter is endless. _
Due to the different regions where it is spread, the style and characteristics of Xishi Guozhuang also have their own characteristics. There are 25 common Guozhuang dances in Maowen County. Many of them praise mothers in content, but few praise love. The dance is held outdoors and is very large, and everyone in the village can participate. Due to the different content and form of dance, the formation changes a lot. When dancing, stand in two rows and dance opposite each other. The movements include "two-sided flips", also called "Qiangduoqiang", which means flipping to the left and right; "four-corner flips", also called "Reying Bo", which means flipping in four directions; "jumping in three directions" is also called "Xilai Vasya" means jumping to the left, right and forward. The characteristics of this dance can be seen from the names of these movements. In addition, there are also many dance names named after joyful cries, such as "山山里", "来来狠" and "北北素", which are all happy refrains that appear during dances. In the whole Guozhuang dance, the "Qiduona Yima Maka" in Chibusu District, Maobun County, has a unique movement of kicking the left foot in a lower position. During the dance, they hold hands and stand in a horizontal row. When the right foot steps down, At this time, the left foot kicks in a low position, and the hips swing due to the continuous kicking. There are more than 20 kinds of Guozhuang dances often danced in Wenchuan County and Li County: "Qingcaihua", "Baicaihua", "Youxiyi", "Muxi", "Zhouzhoulai", etc., and their contents are mostly related to production. Labor and agricultural harvest are closely linked. The "sifting" of Guozhuang in Xuecheng County, Ruli County is reflected in the threshing floor. When people are sifting wheat and raising ashes, they think of having enough food and clothing, as if they can hear the clanking of shovels and pots. The sound of stopping. The "Corn Turn" in Jiashan Guozhuang is also related to the harvest. In short, the Guozhuang in Wenchuan County and Li County have a trembling pace, like to flap their wings or clap their hands while walking, and are in a cheerful mood; Kazi Guozhuang has special flexibility; Some Guozhuang are humorous, and their characteristic movements are to tease the feet, such as turning the knees inward, extending the left hand sideways above the left foot, and raising the left foot slightly when the palms are upward.
Zuoshi. Guozhuang - the Qiang people attach great importance to funerals, and the funeral rituals are very ancient. "Weizhou Chronicles" of the Ming Dynasty records: "When a person dies, he sits in a barn on a wooden frame, wearing clothes, hats, and bows as if he were alive, and offering a pig after the Duan Gong curse." Sheep, burn it with fire. "The Qiang people dance the Youshi Guozhuang on the night of the funeral. The movements and names of the Qiang village dance in the Youshi Guozhuang are different in different places. The "Nankansuo" of Longxi mainly uses one-legged hopping steps, that is, with the left foot pointing towards When kicking out, dance your right foot slightly on the spot, and then change your feet. When dancing, move your hands from downwards to the chest and clap your hands. There is a set of very standardized dance steps in Yanmen Township, Wenchuan. The music and dance of Youshi Guozhuang cannot be understood in terms of solemnity and solemnity that are customary by the Han people. For example, the melody of "Jiasa Jiasa" is lively and the movements are simple, or express condolences. Or to recall the deceased's love for their children during their lifetime.
Witch Dance - Before liberation, except for some Qiang people in neighboring Tibetan areas who believed in Lamaism, the rest generally believed that all things were animistic and worshiped white stones on their roofs as gods. The ancestors of the Qiang people moved from the north to the Minshan area due to a defeat in a war, and had a war with the local indigenous clan Goji people. The Goji people were a hunting clan, strong and good at fighting, and they repeatedly defeated the Qiang people. When the Qiang people were about to move, A god entrusted the leader with a dream, asking them to use hard white stones and wooden sticks as weapons, and hang wool around their necks as signs. So the Qiang people followed this instructions, and after a bloody battle, they defeated the Goji people and settled down. In order to thank the gods, they settled down. Baishi has become the highest god of the Qiang people. The Qiang people call witches "Xu" and Baishi "Oxu". Witches are the mediators between the Qiang people and the gods. They have been among the Qiang people for generations. According to legend, most of them also participate in labor. During the festival, villagers ask shamans to recite epic poems, pray for villagers to exorcise ghosts (such as "returning the yak's wish"), and pray for rain when there is a drought, which are all the functions of shamans. Reflected through dance.
"Yak Wish" is usually held for three to five days in the seventh month of the lunar calendar. It is said that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was quite popular in the Xuecheng area of ??Li County. This ancient custom still existed in the early days of liberation. At that time, the leading wizard is wearing a cassock and a ceremonial hat, holding a sheepskin drum in his left hand, beating rhythmically, sometimes squatting and jumping, sometimes squatting and rushing; the crowd holding high spears, knives, open flame guns and sticks, in Under the leadership of the wizard, they walked around the village to the rhythm of leather drums, and then gathered in the Qiang Village Square to kill cattle to sacrifice to the gods. The crowd beat the drums and danced accordingly. Since liberation, the Qiang people have gradually got rid of the shackles of religious superstition, and the activities of holding "Yak Wish" have disappeared.
The Qiang people pay special attention to funerals. Zhuangzi once said: "When the Qiang people die, they burn their ashes." "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals·Yi Shang" once recorded: "The people of the Di and Qiang are captives. They do not worry about their bamboo shoots, but they worry about their death and do not burn them." It can be seen that the Qiang people's funeral custom of using fire sacrifices as the mainstay has a long history. In ancient times, it was a symbol of life, and cremation symbolized the immortality of the soul and eternal life. According to the custom of the Qiang people, a three-day funeral is held after death. It is even more grand for wealthy families, and a wizard is invited to preside over the funeral. On the first day of the funeral, the "Ye Long" dance is performed, on the second day the skin drum dance (called "Mordasha" and "Reribeng" in Qiang language) is performed, and on the third day, a grand funeral dance is held in the form of a military salute. To commemorate the dead. This is an expedition ceremony originating from the ancient Qiang people. Its purpose is to commemorate the meritorious soldiers and boost the morale of the people. It is presided over by the wizard accompanying the army. He holds a crossbow, hangs two copper bells on his shoulders, and inserts wheat stalks and pheasant feathers on his leather helmet. , leading the team and jumping. Now this dance has been lost. The funeral dance is divided into three parts: a funeral song at the beginning of the funeral; a second armor dance; and a third funeral song at the end of the burial. _
The Qiang witch dance has the following forms:_
1. Skin drum dance. This is the main dance of the Qiang shamans. It is usually performed by two people, one holding a short sword in front, and the other following behind by beating the drum (the right hand holds a drumstick and an iron sound pan, and the left hand holds a single-sided leather drum). According to the custom of the Qiang people, when a person is sick or has died and a funeral is held, the dance must be led by a wizard and relatives and friends must participate. The habit of drumming is to dance from right to left, and then from left to right, which is called "beating on both sides". The speed is from slow to fast, and gradually adds the movement of squatting and jumping forward. Some wizards even spin in place. It is so exciting that it is said that there are 108 kinds of drum beats. The main steps of leather drumming include "squatting and jumping cat steps" (one foot in front, making people feel as if the front foot is holding the back foot and moving forward), "jumping on tiptoe on both sides" (leaping the left foot to the left front, and the right foot immediately Move close to him, point your toes on the ground, and do it with your feet alternately), "walk with your knees loose" (step your right foot forward and then relax your knees, do it with your feet alternately, and the special dynamic of slightly trembling due to the loose knees), "Squat and jump step with eight-character step" (jump up with both feet and then lower down to squat with eight-character step and beat the drum at the same time), "Drum-swinging and drum-beating step" (stand up with eight-character step, swing the drum upward between the legs and beat the drum at the same time) . _
2. Cat dance. The Qiang people believe that cats can eliminate pests in agriculture and respect them. It is a sacrificial witch dance during the Farm Festival. The dance movements mostly imitate the shape of a cat. It is very agile in squatting, jumping, turning, and jumping. It also appears in the shape of standing on one leg, with both arms bent at the elbow and fingers spread out like claws, exaggerating and exaggerating the image of the cat. Deification. _
3. Dance "Ma Long". This kind of witch dance is spread in the Wenchuan area and is danced by a wizard. He holds an exquisitely made dragon head in his hand and uses a thick hemp rope more than two feet long as the dragon body. During the dance, the dragon head raises its head and leads, and the dragon tail makes a snapping sound. The hemp ropes are circling and flying, which is unique and quite spectacular. To dance the Malong smoothly and dexterously, you need both arm strength and skillful energy. What's more, the wizard swings a long rope based on the squatting and jumping steps, which adds to the difficulty. Tiao Ma Long may be related to the troops stationed in the vast Qiang areas during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The soldiers stationed at that time were all Han people. They brought the culture and customs of the mainland into the Qiang areas. Tiao Malong may have absorbed the Han areas under such circumstances. It evolved from the dragon dance.
4. Armor Dance. The armor dance in the funeral dance is a sacrificial dance in the military ceremony. It consists of two parts: the expedition part and the victory song. The expedition part has the shout of "Hey, hi" to intimidate the enemy; the victory song part has "the whole village's soldiers have returned after winning the battle." " lyrics. When performing the armor dance, the dancers are divided into two rows and stand facing each other, holding "crossbows" or "ge" in their hands. Their steps are like offensive and defensive postures on the battlefield. They mainly dance on both sides (one step to the left with the left foot, one step with the right foot). Point your toes to the side and do this alternately). The second step is a shrugged side dance step, accompanied by a tiptoe jump on one foot. The third type is to hold the weapon forward and make a charging gesture. The dueling dance uses broken steps to advance and retreat, and is accompanied by songs. When the Maowen Three Dragons dance this dance, two people wear a bear skin in addition to helmets and armor. They lead the dance among the two opposite dancers. The two people have copper bells hanging on their shoulders. There is a jingling sound when jumping, and the main steps are broken steps. These two people are actually the images of ancient wizards presiding over funeral ceremonies.
Economic Overview
(Li County’s tourism industry is booming)
Agriculture and animal husbandry
Vegetables, economic trees and animal husbandry are the most important industries in the world. The main source of income in rural areas of the county. In accordance with the development idea of ??"based on green agriculture", Li County has intensified the adjustment of the agricultural and animal husbandry structure, focusing on the construction of pollution-free vegetables, special small fruits, yaks, deer deer, wine grapes, sea buckthorn, Chinese medicinal materials, and captive breeding. Goats and other eight bases. In 2002, the county completed 30,000 acres of vegetable sowing, with a total vegetable output of 41,644 tons, and vegetable economic income of 14.71 million yuan, accounting for more than 35% of rural economic income.
More than 1,100 acres of European sweet cherries and more than 1,630 acres of Korean radishes have been promoted. The output of small fruits is 2,793.49 tons and the output of peppercorns is 115.59 tons; the total income from animal husbandry is 12.45 million yuan. In 2002, Li County accelerated the construction and application of pollution-free vegetable bases, and obtained the pollution-free vegetable base certificate in August and the pollution-free agricultural product label certificate in September. Gurgou Town was listed as the first batch of agricultural standardization in the province. Model towns. The main tree species of animal and plant resources include fir, birch, cypress, spruce, pitch pine, larch, alpine pine, and elegans, camphor, poplar, sumac, sandalwood, sea buckthorn, etc. There are rare animals such as red panda, takin, tufted deer, leopard and parrot, thrush, cuckoo, pheasant, etc. There are Ganoderma lucidum, shiitake mushrooms, fungus and other wild edible fungi. It produces high-quality cordyceps, fritillary, gastrodia elata, astragalus, qianghuo, angelica, musk, deer antler, bear bile, leopard bone and other valuable medicinal materials.
Industry
The hydropower industry has become the leading industry in Li County. Focusing on the development of hydropower resources, it has been listed as a high-energy-consuming industrial economic development park by Aba Prefecture. Based on its own actual conditions, Li County has planned more than 3,000 acres of high-energy-consuming industrial economic parks in Xiameng Township and more than 1,500 acres of green economic parks in the county. In 2002, the sales rate of the county's industrial products reached 97%, and the capital profit and tax rate was 18%; the main product output: power generation reached 110.5 million kilowatt-hours, and the new product ferrosilicon was 2,500 tons. The total income of township enterprises was 42.31 million yuan; the total output value of township enterprises was 38.25 million yuan, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year, and a profit of 2.8 million yuan was achieved.
Tourism
The tourism industry in Li County has developed rapidly, and the tourism industry has developed from a "reception industry" to a "pillar industry". At present, Taoping Qiang Village has entered the final moment of applying for world cultural heritage, and Miyaluo Scenic Area is also rushing to apply for world natural heritage together with Siguniang Mountain and Wolong. In 2002, *** received 220,000 tourists (including 3,895 overseas tourists) and achieved a total tourism income of 66 million yuan, an increase of 53% over the previous year.
Administrative divisions
Li County is located in the west of Sichuan Province, the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southeastern edge of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. It is located at 30°54′43″-31°12′12″ north latitude. , 102°32′46″-103°30′30″ east longitude. National Highway 317 runs through the entire territory along the Zagunao River, bordering Maoxian and Heishui in the northeast, Xiaojin in the southwest, Wenchuan in the southeast, and Malkang and Hongyuan in the northwest.
LiXian
513222
623100
The County People’s Government in Zagunao Town
In 2004, Li The county governs 4 towns (Zagunao, Miyaluo, Xuecheng, Gurgou) and 9 townships (Putou, Ganbao, Jiabi, Puxi, Shangmeng, Xiameng, Tonghua, Muka, Tao ping).
Scenic spots
Li County is located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, on the eastern edge of the Qionglai Mountains. The territory has continuous mountains and overlapping peaks, with an altitude of 1,422 to 5,922 meters. There are huge differences in heights and crisscrossing valleys. Miyaluo Scenic Area is the most famous. It is 153 kilometers away from Chengdu. Miyaluo means "fun place" in Tibetan. The provincial famous spring Gurgou contains more than 20 kinds of trace elements. Bipenggou Fairy Mirror is the most essential part of the scenic spot, integrating plateau, mountain and canyon scenery. Taoping Qiang Village is known as the "Oriental Castle" and is one of the best-preserved ancient village castle buildings in the world.
Miyaluo is one of the largest red leaf scenic spots in my country and another scenic spot on the Jiuzhaigou-Huanglong Temple tourist route. In the scenic area, there are continuous mountains, crisscrossing rivers, vast forests, fresh air, and pleasant scenery all year round. Among them, it is especially famous at home and abroad for its magnificent golden autumn leaves and magical Tibetan and Qiang minority customs. The total area of ??the scenic area reaches 3,688 square kilometers, which is more than 180 times larger than the Xiangshan Red Leaf Scenic Area in Beijing. It is one of the largest and most spectacular red leaf scenic areas discovered and opened in my country.
Bipenggou original ecological landscape is famous for its beautiful natural scenery, perfect natural ecological landscape and excellent ecological environment. There are many kinds of red leaves and rhododendrons in the scenic area, gurgling streams, primitive forests, flying waterfalls and strange glaciers. This is a very well-known tourist destination in China. Because you can fully experience the beauty of Mount Siguniang and the beautiful natural scenery in the valley, this well-known hiking route at home and abroad attracts countless hiking enthusiasts every year.
The Taoping Qiang Village in Li County, Sichuan, the only Qiang castle still intact in China, has been eroded by wind and rain for more than 2,000 years, but it still stands tall and majestic. The local government is applying for world cultural heritage for this ancient cultural relic of the ethnic minority. Taoping Castle-style Qiang Village is a wonder in the history of world architecture. It was built in the Western Han Dynasty more than 100 BC. The castle-like buildings composed of residential buildings are all made of soil and rubble without drawing, hanging wires or scaffolding. They have withstood thousands of years of wind, frost, rain and snow and the Diexi Earthquake in 1933, and have basically survived to this day. In mint condition.
The mineral water in Gurgou has ancient myths spread. It is said that people who wash their eyes in Shenquan will always have clear eyesight and will never have dandruff after washing their hair.
In short, it is true that the water in the hot spring is extremely slippery. The red leaves beside the spring are beautiful, the Tibetan customs are sweet, and the water spurting out of the spring is hot... If tourists are thirsty after running, they can put their mouths in it. You can drink directly from the hot spring outlet. Passing tourists are happy to rest here and wash away the dust along the way. Gurgou Hot Spring is currently the only natural hot mineral spring in Sichuan Province that is used for bathing, drinking, and therapy. It has good curative effects on human digestive system diseases, rheumatism, skin diseases, gallstones, cholecystitis, etc., and has Beauty, skin care, weight loss, longevity and other functions.
Chiobian Tower is located on the top of a natural rock that rises abruptly from the ground in Xuecheng Primary School, Xuecheng Town, Li County. built. The building is a square, two-story, mountain-style wooden structure with double eaves, with a total height of 18 meters. The ground floor is square, with a side length of 7.38 meters and a height of 4.43 meters. There are 12 outer columns and 4 inner columns dividing the space into three rooms each in depth and width. The inner and outer columns are square, with four edges curling into arcs, and a square Xumizuo stone column base. A stone railing is built around the outside of the building. The stone railings, piles and bars are all square. The top of the column is a Xumi base holding stone beads with lotus petals. The second floor is 3.60 meters high, with a square hall in the middle and a side length of 3.64 meters. The surrounding panels and the top panel are painted with various figures and stories, and the content is mostly about Li Deyu's side stories, such as military discussions, soldier training, mountains and terrain, etc. There are three large square windows on each side of the hall, and there is a wooden fence around the outside of the hall.
Looking out from the railing, the green mountains are like black daisy, the scenery is like a painting, the breeze is blowing the paintings, and the nostalgia for the past can't help but make people cry. Chibian Tower is not only a historical witness to the confrontation between Tang and Tibet, but also a symbol of the local people of all ethnic groups who hate war and love peace. It is now a provincial cultural protection unit.
The Taoping Qiang Village in Li County, Sichuan, the only Qiang castle still intact in China, has been eroded by wind and rain for more than 2,000 years, but it still stands tall and majestic. The local government is applying for world cultural heritage for this ancient cultural relic of the ethnic minority. Taoping Castle-style Qiang Village is a wonder in the history of world architecture. It was built in the Western Han Dynasty more than 100 BC. The castle-like buildings composed of residential buildings are all made of mud and rubble without drawing, hanging wires or scaffolding. After thousands of years of wind, frost, rain, snow and the Diexi Earthquake in 1933, they have basically survived to this day. In mint condition.
There are 98 households in the whole village. Taoping Qiang Village has completely preserved the characteristics of the ancient Qiang people. It faces mountains and water, faces south, and has a strict and complete layout. When you walk into Taoping, you will see the staggered, simple and mysterious Qiang ancient residential buildings with thousands of years of history. These buildings are all made of stone, rising and falling. Walking into Taoping is like walking into a deep and circuitous enchantment array, so Taoping is called the "mysterious oriental castle". The tallest building in Taoping is the Qiang Fortress. It is a landmark building in Taoping and is mainly used to defend against enemies. The ancient blockhouses are like swords reaching into the sky, which has a strong visual impact. In areas where the Qiang people gather, there is such a watchtower at regular intervals, connecting villages hundreds of miles away. Once the enemy is discovered, they will immediately release smoke and quickly spread the war information hundreds of miles away. These watchtowers have become the unique cultural landscape of Taoping Qiang Village.
The houses here are called Zhuangfang and Wozhe in Qiang language. These houses are all made of flake stones and clay, are four or five stories high, and have a relatively scientific functional distribution. The lower floor is used to raise pigs, sheep and other livestock, the middle floors are used for kitchens and living rooms, the top floor is used for stacking grain and sundries, and the roof is used for grinding and drying grain. This kind of house uses local materials, is economical and practical, warm in winter and cool in summer, and has a long lifespan, generally lasting four to five hundred years. The masonry of the village house is an important symbol of the Qiang people's transformation from a nomadic people to a farming people. Moreover, this craft is the specialty of Qiang craftsmen and is quite influential in the entire Aba Prefecture.
What is amazing is the underground water supply system built by the Qiang people. This is a great innovation in ancient Chinese architecture. Its underground water channels are not iron pipes, rubber pipes or wooden pipes, but are made of local materials and made of huge bluestone slabs. Through many secret channels, clear streams flow to the door of every house, which is similar to modern tap water pipes. Wonderful.
This underground water supply system also has a fire-fighting function. If a fire accidentally breaks out in the village, every