Descriptive method: It is a technique that uses vivid and vivid language to describe the characters or scenery in detail.
According to content, description can be divided into two types: character description and scene description. There are six main methods of character description, namely general description, portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, and detailed description; scene description includes three types: static and dynamic, objective and subjective, and contrast and contrast.
Classified by characteristics: 1. Line drawing. The so-called "Bai drawing" refers to a writing method that grasps the main characteristics of things and outlines the image of things in concise language. Mr. Lu Xun is very good at using line drawing techniques. For example, there is an introduction about Mr. Fujino in "Mr. Fujino": "At that time, a dark and thin gentleman with a mustache and glasses came in, holding a stack of large and small books. As soon as he put the book on the podium, He introduced himself to the students in a slow and frustrated tone: "My name is Fujino Genkuro..." The language was concise and impressive. 2. Fine description. Fine description refers to the meticulous carving of things stroke by stroke. Compared with white description, fine description can also be called fine brushwork. For example, Alai's "One Side" describes Lu Xun more carefully than Lu Xun writes Fujino Mata. Some: "His face is yellow, black and white, and he is worryingly thin, like someone who has just recovered from a serious illness, but he is in good spirits and does not look depressed at all. His hair is about an inch long. It has obviously not been cut for a long time, but there is only one hair. The beard stood up straight and full of energy, like the word "一字" written in thick ink. Xin Fengxia's "Silly Second Brother" was written more delicately. The "silly spirit" characteristics of a laborer who sells medicine and candy are vividly described, from the clothes he wears, the tools he uses, the preparation before shouting, the tone of the shout, the content of the shout, to his treatment of customers and poor neighbors. His attitude was written down in detail, creating a vivid character and image of a kind, diligent, optimistic, poor but ambitious young man. 3. Set off, set off refers to the method of using other people or things to set off or contrast the main object in order to highlight the main object in the process of writing about people and events. People often say: "Although red flowers are good, they still need the support of green leaves." This is what it means. The foil can be set off from the front or the back, the person can be set off by the scenery, the person can be set off by the person, or the person can be set off by the object, but these must be used according to the needs of the expressed content. Lu Xun is a literary master who is very good at contrasting writing. His "At the Restaurant" has excellent front and back contrasts, and students can read it again and again. Here are two excerpts for everyone to enjoy: ?
“Outside the window there are only stained walls, covered with dead berry moss; above is a lead-colored sky, white and nothing spectacular, and light snow is flying. Get up." The scenery is used to set off Lu Weifu's lazy and nostalgic mood from the front. ?
“Several old plum trees competed with the snow and bloomed with flowers all over the tree, as if they didn’t care about the deep winter;...The hawthorn tree showed more than a dozen red flowers from the dark green leaves. , bright as fire in the snow, angry and arrogant, as if he despises the traveler's intention to travel far. "Use "plum" and "flower" to contrast Lu Weifu's lazy mood.
About expression methods:
①Expression methods are divided into narrative, description, explanation, lyrical and argumentative expression methods;
②An article You can mainly use one expression method and use other expression methods;
③ There are also related expressions in the requirements for popular topic compositions - you can choose one expression method to be the main one and use other various expressions comprehensively. expression.
Taken together, "expression" should be the method and form used to express thoughts and feelings through language, art, music, and actions.
About the technique of expression:
To express one's ambitions with objects, to describe scenes, to express emotions, to express emotions directly, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's ambitions, to contrast and contrast Highlighting, uplifting, beautiful scenery, lining up sadness, rendering virtual and real, combining side description, frontal description, direct lyricism, indirect lyricism, etc., the number is not limited
Writing techniques: Writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (i.e.: artistic techniques and expression techniques, Also includes expression techniques (techniques)), common ones include: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, anaphora, association, imagination, combination of circumlocution, combination of points and surfaces, combination of movement and stillness, combination of narrative, blending of scenes, contrast and foreshadowing Anaphora, supporting things to express ambitions, detailed descriptions, foreshadowing suspense, front and side metaphors to symbolize, borrowing from the past to satirize the present, showing ambitions at the end of the chapter, connecting the previous and the following, going straight to the point, contrasting, rendering, contrasting the dynamic and the static, the virtual and the real, real writing and virtual writing, supporting things Meaning, chanting things and expressing emotions, etc. The means of expression are common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it is also an artistic expression technique).
A brief introduction to rhetorical methods
The college entrance examination stipulates that there are 8 common rhetorical methods: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, hyperbole, antithesis, parallelism, question, and rhetorical question.
1． Metaphor: The structure of metaphor generally consists of ontology, metaphor and metaphorical words. The ontology and metaphor of the metaphor must be different things, but have similarities with each other. The use of metaphors can turn the plain into vivid, the profound into the simple, and the abstract into the concrete.
2. Analogy: includes two categories: personification and objectification.
Personification is to describe things as if they were people, and endow things with human emotions, will, actions, etc.; personification is to describe people as if they are things, or describe this thing as that thing. The use of analogy can make people or objects vivid in color, vivid in description, and rich in content.
3． Borrowing: Substituting borrowed form for the original form. It does not directly state the person or thing to be expressed, but uses its related things instead. Parts can be used to replace the whole, characteristics can be used to replace the ontology, and proper names can be used to replace general names. For example, in "Medicine", "grey beard" can be used to replace it. Characters use characteristics instead of entities. Metaphor requires similarities between the entity and the metaphor, and metonymy requires similarities between the borrowed entity and the entity. Metaphorism can express a specific image.
4. Exaggeration: including reasonable exaggeration or reduction of things. Lu Xun wrote in "Medicine": "...the eyes are like two knives, stabbing Lao Chuan and shrinking him by half." The latter sentence uses the exaggeration of "shrinking". Exaggeration must be reasonable and its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people, and enhance the effect of expression.
5. Duality: Commonly known as "pairs", in poetry it is called "duals". There is a difference between lenient pairing and strict pairing. Generally speaking, the upper and lower sentences should have the same number of words, relative parts of speech, the same structure, and related meanings; they can be phrases or sentences. There are types such as positive, negative, and running water. Use antitheses, the sentences are neat, the expressions are concise, and the lyrics are smooth.
6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content, and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen the tone, emphasize the content, and heighten the emotion.
7. Asking questions: Asking without doubt, attracting attention and inspiring people to think in the process of self-questioning and answering.
8. Rhetorical question: It is also a question without doubt, but the answer is in the question, that is, using the positive form to express the negative meaning, and using the negative form to express the positive meaning. It has the effect of strengthening tone and emotion.
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