Since the 1870s, Li Hongzhang further expanded the Westernization cause. In order to advertise "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", he founded a series of civilian enterprises mainly in the form of "official-supervised commercial enterprises". At the same time, preparations were made for the Beiyang coastal defense, mainly outsourcing and supplemented by self-made, and the Beiyang Navy was built in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888). In order to cultivate the talents needed for "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", various new schools were also established and students were sent to study in Europe and the United States. All these Westernization undertakings had a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese society. The huge disparity in power between China and foreign countries caused Li Hongzhang to develop serious "foreign fear" thoughts, and he always adhered to the policy of "compromising and seeking perfection" in foreign negotiations. Died in November 1901. He was given the posthumous title Wenzhong and was granted the title of first-class marquis in Jin Dynasty. Author of "The Complete Works of Duke Li Wenzhong".