Confucius's "Method of Combining Learning and Thinking": "Learning without thinking will lead to failure; thinking without learning will lead to peril."
Zi Si's "Five Methods": " Learn eruditely, interrogate carefully, think clearly, argue clearly, and practice it diligently.
Wang Chong’s "Ancient and Modern Law": "Knowing the past but not knowing the present is called Lu Shen; knowing the present but not knowing the past is called blind blindness." "
Han Yu's "Summary and Mystery Method": "Those who record events must mention their essentials, and those who usurp words must mention their mysteries." ”
Zhu Xi’s “Three Ways of Understanding”: “To understand with your mouth, with your eyes, and with your heart. ”
Breaking the scrolls to get the gods
Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty was an admirer of the poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty. When he compiled the Collection of Four Families, he ranked Du Fu first. Someone asked: "Why are Lao Du's poems so wonderful both ancient and modern?" Answer: "Lao Du Gu has tasted what he said. The other party didn't quite understand, so Wang Anshi chanted loudly: "If you read thousands of volumes, you will write like a god." "
These two poems were written by Du Fu when he was thirty-seven years old. "Broken" does not mean turning the book into pieces, "breaking the scroll to get the spirit, not using the dross wholeheartedly" (Qing Dynasty Yuan Meiyu). Ancient scholars not only read thousands of books, but also could "break" them to get the spirit. This reading method of breaking the books to get the spirit is of great inspiration to future generations.
Familiar reading. Thinking
Zhu Xi, a philosopher and educator in the Song Dynasty, said: "The method of reading is to proceed step by step, to read thoroughly and to think carefully. He also said: "There is no other way to study, but to be determined and open-minded, and to play it repeatedly and carefully will be effective." ”
Everyone can read books, but some people can’t read, can’t read, can’t read, and even become more confused the more they read. There is a sense of waking up from a dream, The method of reading can always be found. Reading without the method is like being incomprehensible through a layer of veil or a layer of smoke. On the contrary, a master understands the book and creates his own outlook on life and world. , Living alone with the gods indifferently. There is more than one way to read. Now I have selected the twelve methods of reading by the ancients for the reference of modern people...
Who will realize the big dream first, I will know it in my life.
1. "Thinking, Questioning, and Studying" This is the reading method advocated by Confucius.
① If you only study without thinking, you will be confused. If you are not a learner, it will be even more confusing. And our correct method of reading is to be knowledgeable and thoughtful, and to combine learning and thinking. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." ""The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng"
② If you don't understand, just ask. Reading is about seeking knowledge. If you don't understand and don't ask, you won't be able to seek knowledge. Confucius said: "Be quick and eager to learn, and you are not ashamed to ask..." " The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang"
③Confucius himself was also like this: "When Zi entered the Ancestral Temple, he asked about everything. Or he might say, "Who can say that the son of a man from Zou knows the etiquette?" When he entered the Ancestral Temple, he asked about everything. When the son heard about it, he said, "This is the etiquette." "'("The Analects of Confucius·Eight Hundreds")
④When he finds a problem, he must try to solve it, and the solution is nothing more than asking people or reading relevant books. Confucius said: " To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. "("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng")
⑤Promote regular and consolidated review. "Confucius said: "Study and practice it from time to time, don't you also say it?" ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")
⑥Confucius said: "You can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new," ("The Analects of Confucius: For Politics")
2. The "fake object" reading method was developed by Xunzi, a student of Confucius. Advocate.
The gentleman said: "Learning can't be done..." If I think about it all day long, it is not as good as what I learned in a moment. When you climb high and move, your arms will not be lengthened, but you will see far away; when you shout with the wind, your voice will not be faster, but when you hear it, it will be loud. Yes, and the rivers are the same. A gentleman is not different from others, and he is good at fake things. ("Xunzi Encouraging Learning") That is to say, we must make use of all favorable conditions to learn. He believes that there is not much difference in people's talents. As long as they are good at making full use of objective conditions, they can shorten the time to become talented.
3. "Refined" reading method. This is the reading method proposed by Wang Chong, that is, the method of reading with concentration.
When Bole learned to read horses, Gu Wan saw nothing more than horses. The cook Ding of the Song Dynasty learned to read cows, and he did not see any cows in three years. , everything you see is a dead cow. Wang Chong's "Lunheng"
(Analysis) Wang Chong's view of "refinement" is exactly a kind of reading that requires one to become obsessed with reading in order to learn "refinement". To".
Four. The reading method of "not asking for deep explanations". This is the reading method proposed by Tao Yuanming. It requires grasping the key points when reading, eliminating the complex and simplifying and thinking independently.
[Analysis] Yang Shen, the number one scholar in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Tao Yuanming did not ask for deep explanations in his reading, because he was not influenced by the cumbersome textual research in the classics since the Han Dynasty, but was able to maintain his own independent opinions. "(Volume 48 of "The Complete Works of Sheng'an") This explanation is reasonable and appropriate. Tao Yuanming's reading does not require a thorough understanding, that is, not to be influenced by some trivial, irrelevant, and not necessarily reliable materials in the book, but should have Read with purpose, discernment, and analysis. Don't read in a hurry, don't understand it half-heartedly, and don't just know the general idea.
This is the reading method advocated by Han Yu. Grasp the main points and clarify the main purpose, so as to explore the source directly and extract the essence of the content.
[Analysis] Han Yu believes that after achieving "hook mysteries" and "summary", the rich and brilliant parts of the book must be chanted repeatedly and constantly reviewed in order to grasp the wonderful meaning of the article. The main points become existing.
Han Yu was diligent in reading and paid attention to methods. There are two sentences in his "Jinxuejie" that summarize his reading method; "The person who records the story must mention the essentials, and the compiler must draw the mystery." His "summary and mystery" constitute his own effective method. Reading method.
6. The reading method of "counting words and reciting them every day". This is Ouyang Xiu's statistics of the total number of words that should be read, and then distributes it into the number of pages per day, which is used as the progress of that day's reading and a long-term reading method.
[Example] Ouyang Xiu's "Counting Words for Daily Recitation" reading method is carried out as follows: According to his own needs, he selected the total word count of ten books such as "The Classic of Filial Piety", "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Book of Songs" It has 455,865 words, and it is required to read 300 words every day, and it will take three and a half years to read them all. If you recite 150 words every day, it will take only seven years to memorize it. He said: "Although the books are voluminous, they can be accumulated over time, so why not worry about them?" This is a talk from experience, which shows the importance of reading and memorizing ancient texts. Counting words every day in a steady stream, accumulating a little makes a lot. This is a reading method that Ouyang Xiu has practiced and proven to be effective.
7. The reading method of "seeking what you want with one intention". This is what Su Shi advocated.
[Analysis] Su Shi believed: "Human energy cannot be absorbed in everything, but only those who get what they want can get it. Therefore, scholars seek it with one intention every time." This kind of reading of "seeking it with one intention" The biggest characteristic of the method is "seeking one", that is, reading classic works, each time you read it, you only focus on one center, focus on one content, grasp one clue, and solve one problem. This kind of reading and learning is like fighting a war, breaking the enemy into parts and defeating them one by one. In order to avoid distracting energy, anything that has nothing to do with the "seeking one" or "main attack" object in the reading will not be mentioned. Such directed reading is worth learning.
8. The reading method of "experience, order, and careful thinking". This is what Zhu Xi advocated.
①About "experience". Zhu Xi said: "In order to learn to read, you must be patient and careful to experience it, and you must not be careless...remove all the skin to see the flesh; remove all the meat to see the bones; remove all the bones to see the marrow." He also said: " When reading, you should not just look for the meaning on paper, but should instead make inferences based on your own experience. It is indeed kind to read the book based on your own experience, but it is better to read it based on your own opinions. I am afraid that things are not done well, and I want to be quick but slow down."
②About order. Zhu Xi said: "If we talk about two books, we should first "Lun" and then "Mencius", and then connect one book and then the other book; if we talk about one book, then the sentences of the chapters, beginning and end, should be in order and not messed up. "Ye." He also said: "You should do your best to follow the instructions and follow the instructions carefully. If you don't understand the instructions, you don't dare to pursue them. If you don't understand them, you don't dare to pursue them." He."
③About Jingsi. Zhu Xi said: "In general, when reading a book, you must first read it thoroughly so that all the words come out of my mouth; then think carefully so that all the meanings come out of my heart. Then you can get it." ("The Complete Works of Zhu Zi") "The Essentials of Reading") also said: "After reading and thinking, and thinking and reading, it is naturally interesting. If you read without thinking, you will not know the taste; if you think without reading, even if you know, you will end up feeling uneasy. ... If you read well and think carefully, you will naturally have the same mind and principles and never forget them."
9. The "Five Categories and Four Differentiations" reading method. This is the reading method advocated by Tang Biao as the representative.
[Example] Tang Biao divided books into "five categories": "There are books that should be read, there are books that should be read, there are books that should be read familiarly, there are books that should be read carefully over and over again, there are books that should be read carefully, "You should prepare books to prepare for exams." He believes that classified reading is helpful for handling the relationship between mastery and erudition. This "five categories" reading method is similar to the "four different" reading method proposed by some ancient scholars. "Four Differentiations" refers to the separation of "books for eye treatment (you only need to read them once), books for oral treatment (you must not only read but also memorize them), books for must treatment (you must not only memorize but also think about and study them seriously), and books for hand treatment (Not only read and memorize, but also summarize and write down the summary)" and other four categories of books.
10. "Five Essentials" reading method. This is Pu Songling's reading method to ensure the smooth progress of reading from three aspects: time, calligraphy and method.
① First, read every day. Pu Songling ordered a notebook for himself. After getting up every morning, he would mark in the notebook what books he would read and what articles he would write during the day. He would feel guilty if there was a blank space under the date.
② Second, read every night. Pu Songling was busy making a living during the day, and at night he often read hard with a book and a lamp. After going to bed, he would read a few pages by candlelight.
③Third, it should be read by old people. In his later years, Pu Songling became gray, deaf, and lost his teeth. However, his eyesight was good and could be used for reading, which was enough to make him happy. There is evidence from his poems: "Only one of the eyes can do the job, and reading a book is enough to cheer up the mood." In his poem "Sitting in Silence", he wrote: "I like to spread out books all my life, and I am as old as ever. The sun is at the south, The sun sets by the west window."
④The fourth step is to copy and read. Pu Songling had been teaching at Bijia for thirty years and was unwilling to leave. One of the biggest reasons was that there were many books in Bijia for him to copy and read. He enjoyed borrowing and copying books to read.
⑤Five essentials are read in categories. Pu Songling divided books into two categories: intensive reading and extensive reading, and read them differently. Some books are enough to understand the general idea; others need to be read repeatedly and pondered until they are read through. The requirements for reading through are: question yourself, seek answers from yourself, filter out the dregs and get the essence.
As evidenced by his poems, "Reading and analyzing doubts is like filtering water, making sure that all the water is drained to the bottom."
11. "Essential" reading method. This is a reading method advocated by Dai Zhen in order to obtain specialized knowledge.
[Analysis] Essence means to work hard in depth, to understand and gain something from reading the book. To get practical knowledge and learn something, you have to specialize in one thing, be serious and Dig deep.
12. The reading method of "seeking doubt where there is no doubt". This is Jiao Xun’s reading experience.
[Analysis] When summarizing his reading experience in his later years, Jiao Xun said: "Learning is valuable and good at thinking; in my life, the most effective thing is 'love to learn and think deeply, and know the meaning in my heart'". Jiao Xun's formula for reading is: "read - seek doubts - think deeply - read again - think again - seek solutions".
The idiom story of ancient people reading:
Don’t be ashamed to ask:
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius was revered as a "sage". He had two thousand disciples, and everyone paid homage to him. He asked for advice. His "The Analects of Confucius" has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.
Confucius was knowledgeable, but he still humbly asked for advice from others. Once, he went to the Ancestral Temple to worship his ancestors. As soon as he entered the Ancestral Temple, he felt novel and asked other people this and that. Someone laughed and said: "Confucius is outstanding in knowledge, why do you still ask?" After hearing this, Confucius said: "You have to ask about everything, what's wrong with that?" His disciples asked him: "After Kong Yu died, why did he call him Kong Wenzi? Confucius said: "Only those who are smart and eager to learn are worthy of being called 'Wen'." The disciples thought: "Teachers often ask others for advice, and they don't feel ashamed." People, including those with lower status than themselves, are called "not ashamed to ask"
Hanging beams are biting
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Sun Jing, a famous politician. When he was young, he was diligent and studious. He often closed the door and studied alone. I read from morning to night every day, often forgetting to eat and sleep. After studying for a long time, I was tired and didn’t rest. After a long time, I was so tired that I dozed off. He was afraid that it would affect his study and study, so he came up with a special method. In ancient times, men's hair was very long. He found a rope and tied one end firmly to the beam. When he was tired from studying, he took a nap. When he lowered his head, the rope would hold his hair, which would hurt his scalp. He would wake up immediately and continue reading and studying.
This is the story of Sun Jing’s hanging.
During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Su Qin who was also a famous politician. When I was young, due to my limited knowledge, I went to work in many places but was not taken seriously. After returning home, his family was also very cold towards him and looked down upon him. This stimulated him greatly. Therefore, he made up his mind to study hard. He often studied until late at night and was very tired. He often took naps and wanted to sleep. He also figured out a way to prepare an awl, and when he dozed off, he would use the awl to prick his thigh. In this way, I suddenly felt pain, woke myself up, and continued reading. This leads to the story of Su Qin's "gut stabbing".
[Note]: From the story of Sun Jing and Su Qin who were studying, the idiom "hanging beams and thorns" is derived, which is used to describe the spirit of studying hard and studying hard. Their spirit of studying hard is good, but their methods of studying hard do not need to be imitated.
Chiseling through walls to steal light
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a great scholar named Kuang Heng. He liked reading very much when he was a child, but his family was very poor and couldn't afford candles, so he couldn't read at night. He often worried about this. That night, Kuang Heng accidentally discovered that there seemed to be some light on the wall of his home. When he got up and looked, it turned out that the wall was cracked, and the neighbor's candlelight shone through the crack. After watching it, Kuang Heng immediately came up with a way. He found a chisel and made a small hole in the crack in the wall. Immediately, a candlelight came over, and Kuang Heng read the book seriously according to this candlelight. Every night from now on, Kuang Heng would lean against the wall and read by the neighbor's candlelight. Because he was diligent and studious since childhood, Kuang Heng later became a knowledgeable Confucian scholar.
Nangying Yingxue
The idiom "Nangying Yingxue" refers to Che Yin, a poor family in the Jin Dynasty. He had no money to buy lamp oil and wanted to study at night, so he In the summer evening, you can catch a handful of fireflies and use them as lamps to read; Yingxue is a method used by Sun Kang of the Jin Dynasty to use the light reflected by the snow to read at night in winter. Later, "the firefly in the bag reflects the snow" was used to describe a poor family and studying hard. "This idiom comes from "The Book of Jin. Biography of Che Yin (yin)", Yin... The poor family does not often get oil, Xia Yue will practice the bag to hold dozens of fireflies to illuminate the book. Sun Kang's family is poor, often reflected Xue studied. "During the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was eager to learn since he was a child, but his father could not provide him with a good learning environment due to his poor family. In order to maintain food and clothing, there was no extra money to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. For this reason, he could only use this time to recite poetry. "One night in the summer, he was reciting an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying in the low sky. The flickering light spots looked a bit dazzling in the darkness. He thought that if many fireflies were gathered together, Wouldn't it just become a lamp? So, he went to find a white silk bag, then grabbed dozens of fireflies and put them in it, then tied the mouth of the bag and hung it up. Although it was not very bright, it was bright. He could barely use it to read. From then on, whenever there were fireflies, he would grab one and use it as a lamp. Because of his diligent study and hard work, he finally became a high-ranking official. "The same was true for Sun Kang in the same dynasty. Since I had no money to buy lamp oil, I couldn't read at night and had to go to bed early.
He felt it was a pity to let time run away in vain. "One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep. When he turned his head to the window, he found a ray of light coming through the crack of the window. It turned out that it was reflected by the heavy snow, and he could use it to read a book. So he lost his tiredness and immediately put on his clothes. After getting dressed, he took out his books and went outside. The snow reflected on the vast land was much brighter than inside. Sun Kang immediately started reading despite the cold. His hands and feet were frozen, so he got up and ran. Rubbing his fingers. From then on, every snowy night, he would miss this opportunity and study hard. This spirit of hard study made his knowledge advance rapidly, and he later became a highly educated man. .
Liu Qi burned Di to study. During the Liang Dynasty, Liu Qi, a native of Pengcheng, "was alone and poor, so she often bought Di and burned Di to make lamps."
Su Tingchuihuo studied: "Young man did not like his father, he often hung out with servants, but he was eager to learn. Whenever I want to read, there is no lamp or candle, so I have to use the fire to illuminate the book and recite in the stable. It is so painful. "
Chang Lin was a plowing and hoeing expert. In the late Han Dynasty, Chang Lin was "a studious person, and he was a plowing and hoeing expert." His wife often pays her own salary. Although the forest is in the fields, they treat each other with respect as a guest. ”
Li Mi hangs books on horns. In the Sui Dynasty, Li Mi was assigned as a guard in the court of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty when he was young. He was flexible by nature. While on duty, he looked around and was discovered by Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. He thought The boy was not honest, so he was exempted from his duties. After returning home, he studied hard and decided to become a learned man. Once, Li Mi rode a cow and went out to see his friends. It is said that Dong Zhongshu didn't study in the garden for three years. Although there was a garden behind his study. But he concentrated on reading and studying and did not visit the garden for three years. Dong Zhongshu was so dedicated to studying knowledge that he became a famous thinker in the Western Han Dynasty.
Guan Ning and Guan Ning sat separately in the Han Dynasty. Hua Xin and Hua Xin were classmates. One day, when they were studying at the same table, a dignitary passed by. Guan Ning was not disturbed and was studying as usual, but Hua Xin went out to watch, and Guan Ning saw that Hua Xin and he were not real. Like-minded friends sat separately. Guan Ning finally succeeded in his career!
Kuang Heng cut through walls and stole money. During the Western Han Dynasty, there was a particularly learned man named Kuang Heng. When he was a child, his family was poor. In order to study, he dug through the wall of his illiterate neighbor and studied by stealing a ray of candlelight. Finally, he moved his illiterate neighbor. With everyone's help, little Kuangheng became successful in his studies. During the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng was promoted to doctor by the Grand Sima and Cheqi General Shi Gao.
Che Yin, named Wu Zi, was born in Nanping, Jin Dynasty. He was born in Gong'an City, Hubei Province today. His family was impoverished since he was a child, but he was very diligent in studying. "The poor family did not often have oil, so in the summer months, they would hold dozens of fireflies in their bags to illuminate the books, day and night." "The story of Che Yin and Nang Yingzhao reading has been passed down as a good story in history, inspiring generations of scholars in later generations.
Chen Ping endured humiliation and studied hard. Chen Ping was a famous prime minister in the Western Han Dynasty. When he was young, his family was poor. Dependent on each other with his brother, in order to uphold his father's destiny, shine in the family, not engage in production, and study behind closed doors, but his sister-in-law did not tolerate it. In order to eliminate the conflict between brother and sister-in-law, he endured repeated humiliation and kept silent. As the sister-in-law worsened, he finally couldn't bear it anymore. He ran away from home and wanted to wander around the world. After being chased back by his brother, he stopped his brother from divorcing his sister-in-law regardless of the previous grudges. Eventually, it became a good story in the local area. He came here because of his reputation and offered free lessons. After completing his studies, he assisted Liu Bang. , achieved great success.
Lu Yu, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was an orphan since he was a child and was raised by Zen Master Zhiji, but he did not want to chant all day long. Instead of chanting Buddhist scriptures, Lu Yu insisted on going down the mountain to study, but was opposed by the Zen master. In order to provide Lu Yu with a better education, the Zen master asked him to study the process of making tea. During the trip, Lu Yu met a kind-hearted old woman and not only learned the complicated tea-making skills, but also learned a lot about reading and life. When Lu Yu finally brought a steaming cup of Kuding tea to the Zen master, the Zen master was surprised. Finally agreed to his request to go down the mountain to study. Later, Lu Yu wrote the widely circulated "Tea Classic" and promoted the tea culture of the motherland!
Bao Zheng, a young man, learned to solve the case since he was a child. Intelligent, studious and inquiring, he especially likes to reason and solve cases. His father has close contacts with the county magistrate. Bao Zheng has been exposed to it since childhood and learned a lot of knowledge about solving cases. Especially in the case of burning temples and killing monks, Bao Zheng peeled off cocoons based on clues at the scene. After identifying the criminal suspect, he pretended to be the King of Hell to find out the truth, assist the county magistrate in arresting the murderer, and eliminate harm for the people. He worked hard to learn legal and criminal knowledge, so that when he grows up, he can solve cases like a god and uphold justice for the people. Wan Sitong, a famous scholar and historian in the early Qing Dynasty, participated in the compilation of the important history book "Twenty-Four Histories". Wan Sitong was also a naughty child when he was young. He lost face in front of the guests because of his playfulness, and was criticized by the guests. In anger, Wan Sitong overturned the guests' tables and was shut down by his father. When he arrived at the bookstore, Wan Sitong went from being angry and hating reading to thinking about his past mistakes. He was inspired by the "Tea" and began to study hard. In the blink of an eye, Wan Sitong read a lot of books in the bookstore, and his father forgave him. He gave birth to his son, and Wan Sitong also understood his father's good intentions.
After a long period of diligent study, Wan Sitong finally became a famous scholar who was familiar with history and read many books. He also participated in the compilation of "History of Ming Dynasty" in "Twenty-Four Histories".
Tang Bohu devoted himself to learning painting. Tang Bohu was a famous painter and writer in the Ming Dynasty. He showed superhuman talent in painting when he was a child. Tang Bohu became a disciple of the great painter Shen Zhou. Naturally, he studied harder and more diligently. He mastered painting skills quickly and was highly praised by Shen Zhou. Unexpectedly, due to Shen Zhou's praise, Tang Bohu, who had always been modest, gradually became complacent. Shen Zhou saw it in his eyes and remembered it in his heart. During a meal, Shen Zhou asked Tang Bohu to open the window. Tang Bohu found that the window under his hand was actually Tang Bohu was very ashamed of a painting by his teacher Shen Zhou, and devoted himself to learning painting from then on.
Qu Yuan studied hard in the cave. When Qu Yuan was a child, he ignored the objections of his elders and hid in a cave to secretly read the Book of Songs regardless of wind, rain or freezing weather. After three full years, he read 305 chapters of the Book of Songs, absorbed rich nutrition from these folk songs, and finally became a great poet.
Fan Zhongyan cut off the bones and carved the porridge. Fan Zhongyan grew up in a poor family. In order to study, he lived frugally. Finally, his diligence and studious moved the elders of the temple, and the elders sent him to Nandu Academy to study. Fan Zhongyan still adheres to a simple living habit and does not accept gifts from wealthy children in order to sharpen his will. After studying hard, he finally became a great writer.
Sima Guang police pillow is inspirational. Sima Guang was a child who loved to play and sleep. For this reason, he was often punished by his teacher and ridiculed by his peers. Under his teacher's earnest instruction, he was determined to get rid of his bad habit of sleeping. In order to get up early, he drank some alcohol before going to bed. His stomach was full of water, but he didn't wake up in the morning, but wet the bed. So the clever Sima Guang made a warning pillow out of garden wood. When he turned over in the morning, his head fell on the bed board, and he woke up naturally. From then on, he woke up early every day. He got up to study and persevered, and finally became a knowledgeable writer who wrote "Zi Zhi Tong Jian".
Xuan Zang studied Buddhism hard. Xuanzang was an eminent monk in the Tang Dynasty. In order to obtain the original text of Buddhist scriptures, Xuanzang left Chang'an in August of the third year of Zhenguan. He traveled thousands of miles to the west to obtain scriptures and finally arrived in India. It took seventeen years and he wrote "The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty". He has made great contributions to Buddhism, human progress and world civilization.
Yue Fei studied art. The national hero Yue Fei was born in troubled times, and his family was poor since he was a child. With the support of his neighbors, he studied martial arts with Zhou Tong, a famous Shaanxi master. During this period, he witnessed the broken mountains and rivers and the displacement of the people. He developed the ambition to learn arts to serve the country and overcame his pride and complacency. After practicing hard in the cold and summer, under the careful guidance of the famous teacher Zhou Tong, I finally mastered Yuejia Qiang, and led Wang Gui, Tang Xian and other partners to join the patriotic torrent of fighting against gold and saving the country.
Li Guizhen learned to draw tigers. Li Guizhen, a famous tiger painter of the Five Dynasties, liked painting since he was a child, especially tigers. However, because he had never seen a real tiger, he always painted tigers as sick cats. So he decided to go into the deep mountains and forests to visit real tigers, and went through many hardships. With the help of Uncle Orion, he finally saw a real tiger. Through a lot of sketching and copying, his tiger painting skills improved by leaps and bounds, and the tigers he painted were so lifelike that they could almost be real. From then on, he spent most of his life traveling to many famous mountains and rivers, seeing more birds and beasts, and finally became a master of painting.
Shen Kuo went up the mountain to see the peach blossoms. "The fragrance of April in the world has ended, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple have begun to bloom." When reading this poem, Shen Kuo's brows condensed into a knot, "Why do the peach blossoms on the mountain begin to bloom when all the flowers here have failed?" , in order to solve this mystery, Shen Kuo invited a few friends to go up the mountain for an on-the-spot investigation. In April, it was warm or cold on the mountain. The cool wind came, making people shiver with cold. Shen Kuo suddenly understood. It turned out that the temperature on the mountain was higher than It is much lower down the mountain, so the flowering season comes later than down the mountain. With this spirit of exploration and empirical methods, Shen Kuo wrote "Mengxi Bi Tan" when he grew up.
Xu Xiake’s ambition is to conquer the world. One day, a strange thing happened by the river. Many people were trying to salvage the stone lion that had fallen into the water, but they couldn't find it. At this time, a child named Xu Xiake said that as long as you go up the river, you can find the stone lions. Sure enough, the stone lion was found, and everyone praised this smart child. It turned out that he was Xu Xiake, who grew up to become a great geographer and traveler.
Li Sheng became a master archer. Li Sheng's father was a powerful general, and Li Sheng hoped to grow up to be like his father. However, his father always said that he was too young to practice martial arts. Unwilling to give in, Li Sheng secretly learned archery and finally became a perfect archer, which impressed his father.
Lu You studied diligently in Shuchao. Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, was diligent, sensitive and studious since he was a child. In his house, there are books on the table, books in the cabinets, and books piled on the bed, which is called a book nest. He was diligent in creation and left more than 9,000 poems in his life, becoming an outstanding writer in the history of our country.
Borrowed from Liu Xie Buddhist Hall. It was late at night, and the sound of reading suddenly came from the Buddhist temple. The young monks were frightened, thinking there was a ghost inside, and immediately reported it to the old monk. So the old monk led the young monk to catch ghosts. Unexpectedly, the "ghost" turned out to be a poor boy named Liu Xie, who was borrowing a Buddhist lamp to study. After studying hard, Liu Xie finally became a great writer.
Yan Ruocha’s stuttering has become a big deal.
Yan Ruochu, a well-known textual scholar, was a child who stuttered when she was a child. She was often laughed at and bullied by everyone. With the encouragement of her mother and teachers, Yan Ruoxuan relied on the spirit of diligence to make up for her shortcomings, studied hard, and worked several times as hard as others, catching up with normal students. Classmate, since then, Yan Ruoqi still relied on this spirit of being studious and willing to endure hardships to become a famous scholar.
Gu Yanwu read more than ten thousand books. Gu Yanwu, a thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, had a very unfortunate childhood. Smallpox almost took his life. Although he was frail and sick, under the guidance and encouragement of his mother, Gu Yanwu studied diligently and copied the "Zizhi Tongjian" by hand with extraordinary perseverance, and finally became a great scholar.
Ouyang Xiu borrowed classics. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was very talented since he was a child. However, due to his poor family, his family had no money to buy paper or pens. In order to let his son practice calligraphy, Ouyang Xiu's mother, Zheng, came up with an ingenious way to use Ogi grass instead of brush teaching. Little Ouyang Xiu writes. Ouyang Xiu worked hard, developed good calligraphy, and became a well-known child prodigy. This hard-working spirit also influenced his little friend Li Yaofu, leading Li Yaofu to the path of learning.
Pu Songling asked about the road in Caoting. Pu Songling, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, built a thatched pavilion on the roadside to record the stories told by passers-by. After decades of diligent collection, coupled with his own sleepless nights and creations, he finally completed the epoch-making and brilliant masterpiece "" in the history of ancient Chinese literature. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio".
Jia Kui studied secretly across the fence. Jia Kui, whose courtesy name was Jingbo, was born in AD 30. He was a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a famous Confucian scholar and astronomer. He is the ninth grandson of Jia Yi, a famous figure in the Western Han Dynasty. His father, Jia Hui, was also a scholar. Jia Kui was deeply influenced by his family and was very smart since he was a child. In order to be able to study, Jia Kui eavesdropped on the teacher's lectures through the bamboo fence when he was a child.
Meng Ke changed his mind and studied diligently. Mencius was a famous thinker and politician during the Warring States Period.
However, Mencius was not a naturally knowledgeable person. When he was young, he was very playful and did not like reading. Later, in order to educate him, Meng's mother moved three times and cut pieces of cloth to teach him. Finally, Mencius understood that if you want to become a talent, you must work hard and diligently.
Song Lian visited his teacher in the snow. Song Lian, a famous essayist and scholar in the Ming Dynasty, was eager to learn since childhood. He was not only knowledgeable, but also good at writing articles. He was praised by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, as "the first civil servant in the founding of the country." Song Lian loves reading very much, and always asks for details when encountering something she doesn’t understand. This time, in order to figure out a problem, Song Lian walked dozens of miles in the snow to consult Teacher Mengji, who no longer accepted students, but the teacher was not at home. Song Lian was not discouraged and visited the teacher again a few days later, but the teacher did not receive him. Because of the cold weather, Song Lian and his companions were freezing. Song Lian's toes were all frostbitten. When Song Lian visited alone for the third time, he fell into a snow pit and was fortunately rescued. When Song Lian almost fainted at the door of the teacher's house, the teacher was moved by his sincerity and patiently answered Song Lian's questions. Later, in order to gain more knowledge, Song Lian was not afraid of hardships and hardships, and visited many teachers, and finally became a famous essayist!
Tao Hongjing studied in the vegetable garden. In ancient times, there were many misunderstandings about the natural world. People believed in the absurd legend that Luoying turned a borer into his own son, and they also called the son he brought in "Bollfly Son". Tao Hongjing expressed doubts about this. He found a nest of midges in the vegetable garden near the village and squatted in the vegetable field to observe them attentively all day long. Tao Hongjing discovered that they were both male and female. After many days of careful observation, Tao Hongjing finally revealed the secret of the borers: it turns out that the borers also have their own offspring, and the borers are carried into the nest to serve as food for the larvae. They do not exist at all. There is such a thing as "a adopted son"! From then on, Tao Hongjing felt that it was best to observe everything personally, and never follow others' opinions. Young people work hard all their lives, and don't waste time and effort. (Du Xunhe)
When the body is dead, the spirit is the spirit, and the soul is the ghost. (Qu Yuan)
I don’t have the wings of a colorful phoenix, but I have a clear mind. (Li Shangyin)
He is a hero in life and a hero in death. (Li Qingzhao)
Life has its limits, and knowledge (wisdom) has no limits. (Zhuangzi)
The rope cuts the wood, and the water drops penetrate the stone. (Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing)
A sage will surely make a mistake if he thinks a lot; a fool will make a mistake after thinking a lot. There must be something. ("Yan Zi Chun Qiu")
With such a great reputation, it is actually difficult to live up to it. (Book of the Later Han Dynasty)
The prime years will never come back again, and it will be difficult to come back to the morning every day. You should be encouraged in time, and time waits for no one. (Tao Yuanming)
What is lost is the east corner, and what is gained is the mulberry tree. ("Book of the Later Han Dynasty")
It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. ("Guan Zi·Quan Xiu")
In times of crisis, one sees the integrity of ministers, and in times of chaos, one recognizes loyalty. (Bao Zhao)
A scholar must be ambitious and have a long way to go. (The Analects of Confucius)
A scholar dies for a confidant.
(Historical Records)