It is unprecedented to raise the peak of carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality to the height of national development. Why is carbon neutrality so important?
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(1) The general trend of energy structure transformation has arrived.
The international energy structure is undergoing profound changes. It is basically a foregone conclusion that global oil demand will peak, and major oil-producing countries plan their transformation in advance. As all parties invest in new energy fields, the supply capacity of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal will face serious difficulties in the future.
Judging from the energy structure of China, we will consume 4.8 billion tons of standard coal in 2020. From the perspective of energy structure, 85% is fossil energy, of which 60% is coal, and green renewable energy only accounts for about 15%. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, the ratio of the two should be reversed-clean energy or renewable energy accounts for 85%, and fossil energy accounts for less than 15%.
At present, China's energy consumption per unit GDP is more than twice the average level of developed countries, which can be completely reduced, saving energy from the source, reducing both pollutant emissions and carbon emissions. China has great potential for energy conservation and consumption reduction. In the next 5 10 years, while vigorously developing clean and renewable energy, we should focus on energy conservation and consumption reduction. This can not only reduce the stock continuously during the transition period, but also avoid the movement and radical behavior of closing enterprises.
Crude oil in fossil energy mainly depends on imports in China, and the main crude oil producing areas are located in the hot spots of the international situation such as the Middle East and West Africa. The transportation of crude oil to China must pass through Suez Canal, Persian Gulf and Malacca Strait, and the transportation channel is controlled by people, so it is easy to be cut off.
Therefore, whether it is to reduce dependence on external energy, or to adjust the energy consumption structure internally, reduce the proportion of fossil energy and encourage clean energy, it is the general trend.
(b) Building a new development model under the background of "peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality"
At present, our carbon emissions account for 28% of the world, and have not reached the peak. The proportion of economic scale (China's total economic output accounts for 17% of the world's total economic output in 2020) is far less than the proportion of carbon emissions, indicating that the quality of our economic development is not high enough, and the energy consumption per unit GDP is much higher than that in Europe and America.
Commitment to achieve carbon neutrality before the peak of carbon emissions is not only for the international community to actively fulfill its responsibilities as a big country, occupy the commanding heights of political correctness, and seize the right to speak in formulating carbon-neutral carbon trading standards, but also for internal reform, forcing backward development methods out of the game and exploring a practical way to turn "green mountains and green hills" into "golden mountains and silver mountains".
The way of rural revitalization in the future may not be limited to eco-tourism and green agriculture, but the revaluation of the whole green assets.
Here we continue to introduce two concepts: "carbon footprint" and "carbon sink".
Carbon Footprint refers to the collection of greenhouse gases emitted by enterprises, activities, products or individuals through transportation, food production and consumption, and various production processes. The European Union has introduced standards to levy a "carbon tax" on products with excessive carbon emissions in the production process.
For example, iron and steel enterprises in China and Ukraine mainly adopt blast furnace and oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking method, which has high carbon emission intensity and emits about 2 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent for every ton of steel produced. In the steel industry of Canada and South Korea, the proportion of small electric arc furnace steelmaking plants is higher and the overall carbon efficiency is higher. China's automobile steel plate manufacturers may be subject to additional "carbon tax" if they export to Europe. If they want to meet the standards, they will have to increase investment in equipment and raise costs.
Carbon sink refers to the solidified carbon dioxide that can be absorbed by nature and human activities, and refers to the process of absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through measures such as afforestation and vegetation restoration.
Carbon sink, I think the future is the most important link to turn "green mountains and green hills" into "Jinshan Yinshan", nothing else. The meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee mentioned that it is necessary to enhance the ecological carbon sink capacity, strengthen the spatial planning and use control of land, effectively play the role of carbon sequestration in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soils and frozen soil, and increase the increment of carbon sink in ecosystems. It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation in tackling climate change, promote the formulation of international rules and standards, and build a green Silk Road.
Forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, frozen soil ... just to name a few, the imagination space is huge enough.
According to the data of State Forestry Administration, as of June, 20021year, the national forest area reached 220 million hectares, the forest coverage rate reached 23.04%, and the forest stock was 65.438+0.756 billion cubic meters.
According to the calculation that 1 hectare of forest absorbs carbon dioxide every day 1 ton, the national forest absorbs 220 million tons of carbon dioxide every day and 80 billion tons every year. At present, the price of national carbon emission quota is 50 60 yuan/ton, which is a market worth 4 trillion yuan.
There are 400 million hectares of grassland, 53 million hectares of wetlands, 3 million square kilometers of marine land, 9.6 million square kilometers of land and 25% of frozen soil ... If all land and marine resources are used to play the role of "carbon sink", the value of carbon emission trading will be astronomical, then people in our poor areas will really sit on the "Jinshan Yinshan", which can be described as "Jinshan Yinshan"
Of course, this road to wealth is not smooth. We have such rich carbon sink resources, whether it can be used for us or not, the key lies in making internationally recognized standards for "carbon sink" and "carbon emission trading" based on China.
The dispute over the right to speak has always been a key dispute that determines the future development of a country, which reflects the wrestling between comprehensive national strength and international economic politics. In this field, the dispute between China and the United States has shown signs.
In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, countries have entered the fast lane of coping with climate change and developing low-carbon economy. However, the international community lacks consensus on industry identification, standard formulation, rules and regulations, market access threshold and other aspects of emerging green and low-carbon industries, and some differences are still considerable.
For example, it is difficult for China and the United States to unify the information disclosure mechanism of green projects and enterprises; Only about 10% of the tagged green bonds issued by China meet the international CBI standards, and so on. What is certain is that all kinds of low-carbon standards will face severe international negotiations in the future.
We have also taken the lead in formulating standards for grassland carbon sinks and marine carbon sinks, so as to take the lead in formulating international standards. Whoever can take the lead in action is likely to master the leadership of global low-carbon development.