Water is the source of life for flowers.
No flower can grow without water. If the water supply is unbalanced, it will have a bad influence on flowers. Why do you say that? Because water is an important part of flowers, especially protoplasm, a component of living matter. That is to say, if there is no water, cells cannot divide, protoplasm will stop moving and life will stop. Water is also a medium for absorption and transportation of nutrients. Various substances, such as sugar, oxygen and carbon dioxide. , must be dissolved in water, can be absorbed by flowers, material circulation. Water can also maintain the tension of plant cells and tissues, and keep flowers in a stretched state, which is beneficial to the physiological activities of flowers. Water is one of the main raw materials for flowers to make organic matter through photosynthesis. Without raw materials, photosynthesis cannot be carried out, and flowers will "starve to death".
Most of the water in flowers exists in cells, but there is also water between cell walls and cells. When the water supply of flowers is insufficient, the stomata are closed due to the lack of water in leaves, which affects the entry of carbon dioxide and reduces the permeability of carbon dioxide between cells, thus reducing photosynthesis. Water shortage in flower leaves can reduce photosynthesis by 10-90%, and the degree of reduction is closely related to the degree of water shortage in leaves.
Water supply directly affects the growth and development of flowers, which is called "physiological water demand" and can also affect the ecological status of flowers, which is called "ecological water demand". This is because water can regulate soil temperature, affect fertilizer decomposition and form microclimate. Therefore, flower cultivation should not only consider the "physiological water demand" of flowers, but also consider the "ecological water demand" of flowers.
The water needed by flowers is mainly absorbed from the soil by the root hairs of flowers, and then diffused to all parts of flowers. The relationship between water absorption and consumption is called "water balance of plants". Water absorption exceeds consumption, too much water in flowers, weak growth, decreased cold resistance, weakened disease resistance, rotten roots, fallen leaves and death; If the water absorption is less than the consumption, the flowers will wither and die when there is serious water shortage; Only when the absorption and consumption of water reach a balance, it is most beneficial to the growth of flowers. Therefore, in the process of flower cultivation, whether water supply is scientific and reasonable is the key to the success of flower cultivation.
How to water the flowers?
First of all, we should water the flowers with a scientific attitude and method. It depends not only on the varieties and habits of flowers, but also on the size of flowers, the texture of flowerpots, the temperature difference between cold and warm weather and the soil conditions all year round. Flowers with different physiological characteristics must be treated differently. Generally, drought-tolerant flowers include cactus, stone lotus and so on. Semi-drought-tolerant flowers include camellia, rubber tree, geranium, asparagus and asparagus. Middle-growing flowers include roses, hibiscus, cycads and so on. Moisture-resistant flowers include Phyllostachys pubescens, calla lily, taro (dripping Guanyin) and so on; Aquatic flowers include lotus, water lily, bowl lily, water hyacinth and water chestnut.
Some books and periodicals say that watering flowers should be "dry" and "wet when it is dry". These words should be understood rationally and not blindly. It can be said that no flower can be dried thoroughly, and the dried soil will cause physiological diseases to the growth of flowers. In principle, no matter what flowers, the soil in the flowerpot should be "wet without water, dry without water". Of course, it is not easy to do this step, and more attention, observation and practice are needed.
Presbyopia workers have a true saying, that is, "no leakage is found through watering". This is not only unrealistic, but also very unscientific.
When you realize it's time to water, but the soil doesn't seem to be too dry, put it off for another day or two. Don't water it in advance, so as not to make the soil too wet. When watering, be sure to water it thoroughly, and don't water it halfway-that is, if the soil on the basin is wet and the soil at the bottom is dry, the flowers will be hurt.
Another way to water the flowers is to spray water on them. Spraying water can not only increase the humidity of flower leaves and air humidity, but also wash away dust and pests on the leaves. Spraying water on flowers in the north is a very good way to supply water.
What water should I use to water the flowers?
Personally, I think it's best to water the flowers with tap water. Because it is sterile water, it is hygienic, clean, free of impurities and sterile. Most cities in Shanxi are seriously polluted, so it is not recommended to water flowers with rain and snow.
Watering precautions
Pay attention to the water temperature when watering. Throughout the year, the temperature is different and the temperature difference varies greatly. Pay attention to the change of water temperature when watering. No matter which season, don't take cash from the tap water pipe, but store it for two or three days, and then water the flowers when the water temperature is equal to or close to the temperature. Spraying the leaves of flowers with water is also a way.
How to raise indoor potted plants
Potted plants should not be watered too much: because potted plants are placed indoors in a cool or slightly sunny place, too much watering of potted plants will make the soil wet and waterlogged, and lead to suffocation and rot of potted plants, and the leaves will fall off again. Therefore, indoor watering of potted plants should adhere to the principle of "seeing dry and wet, then watering thoroughly", and do not water sporadically or excessively.
Potted plants should not be fertilized too much or too little: potted plants without fertilization for a long time will cause yellow leaves; Too much fertilization, potted plants can not absorb burned roots, can not absorb water, but also lead to yellow leaves falling off. Usually, indoor potted plants are applied with thin fertilizer in late spring and every other week in summer and autumn. Don't apply thicker fertilizer. If there is too much fertilization, some fertilizers in the soil can be diluted and washed away by watering more. Lack of fertilizer will lead to hardening of basin soil, yellowing of potted leaves and slender yellow branches. At this time, fertilizer should be applied immediately, and it will be effective within one week.
Potted plants should not have too much or too little light: it depends on the growth characteristics of potted plants. Some potted plants like sunshine, such as pomegranate, azalea and rose. If it is placed in a place with too weak light for a long time, the plant will gradually weaken, the leaves will become thinner and yellow, and it will not bloom or bloom less.
Prevention and control of potted plant diseases and insect pests: The common diseases and insect pests in indoor potted plants mainly include leaf spot caused by aphids, red spiders, fungi and other viruses. Its harmfulness lies in that it is easy to cause local necrosis or withering of the leaves of potted plants, and even the whole plant becomes green. Therefore, indoor potted plants only need to make more fuss about water and fertilizer conservation and light management, keep indoor ventilation and spray drugs in time to prevent them.
How to maintain indoor potted plants!
Three elements that must be done well in the maintenance of indoor bonsai. As long as we pay attention to these three elements, indoor bonsai will grow well and be full of vitality.
■ watering
Flowers and plants are planted in pots, whether deep or shallow, the soil is always limited and the water content is limited. If flowers and plants are not watered for a long time, they will wither due to lack of water, so they should be observed in time to maintain soil moisture. Of course, watering should not be excessive. If you water too much, the pot soil will be too wet for a long time, which will easily lead to hypoxia and rot of the root system. At the same time, the amount of watering depends on different specific tree species, seasonal changes and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water it once in the morning and evening, once every day or every other day in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening when flowers sprout in spring. In rainy season or rainy day, you don't need to water, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more and cohesive soil less. Spray water on the leaves first, and then thoroughly irrigate the roots. When pouring "half water", you should pay attention to the phenomenon that the surface of the basin is wet and the inside of the basin is dry. Don't spray too much water on the leaves, which will easily cause the branches and leaves to grow white.
■ fertilization
The soil in bonsai basin is limited, so the nutrients are limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, bonsai of flowers and plants should not be fertilized too much and too frequently. It is necessary to master the contents and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of flower branches; Phosphate fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits; Potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and roots, so the choice of fertilizer depends on the types of flowers and their growth. At present, many bonsai sites will have some gardening fertilizers or plant nutrient solutions for sale. When buying bonsai, you can ask the store to help you prepare the fertilizer you need for bonsai.
■ Exchange soil
After the plants grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots are densely distributed at the bottom of the basin, so it is difficult to permeate drainage and absorb fertilizer, which will affect the normal growth of trees. At this time, it is necessary to turn the pot upside down and change it. Turn the flowerpot upside down, use the original flowerpot or change it to a bigger one, depending on the size of the tree. Changing soil can improve soil permeability and increase soil nutrients. The soil for changing pots with stumps is mainly humus, paddy soil and mountain mud. When changing soil, some nutrients can be added to the soil to ferment and volatilize in the soil to become slow-acting nutrients. As for the grasp of soil pH, it depends on the specific situation of tree species. When changing pots, a screen or tile is usually fixed at the hole at the bottom of the pot, and soil with larger particles is added to facilitate drainage, then a stump is put in, and the culture is filled with soil with smaller particles, and bamboo and wooden sticks are inserted tightly. Generally, small bonsai should be turned over every 1 ~ 2 years, medium bonsai every 2 ~ 3 years and large bonsai every 3 ~ 5 years. If it is an old stump site, it can be turned over every few years. If it's an old stump scene like pine and cypress, it's not advisable to turn over the pot more.
How to raise indoor bonsai?
Generally speaking, most bonsai belong to woody plants, and the requirements for lighting are strict. If it is placed in a place with poor light, the bonsai needs to be put back into the outdoor shade shed regularly (about 7 days) for maintenance, and then put into the room after the plants are restored. It is generally recommended not to place bonsai in similar places. If placed at doors and windows, it is suitable for placing bonsai. There are two maintenance points: one is water. According to the principle of indoor plant watering: don't do it without watering, water it thoroughly at one time, and don't water it halfway. Of course, if the weather is dry, you can also spray water on the leaves. The second is to rotate the bonsai regularly so that it can receive photosynthesis evenly, which can not only keep the plants healthy but also maintain the tree shape ... In addition, if it needs to be replaced for a long time, after the plants grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots will be densely covered with the bottom of the basin, making it difficult to permeate drainage and absorb fertilizer, which will affect the normal growth of trees. At this time, the basin should be turned over and replaced. Turn the flowerpot upside down, use the original flowerpot or change it to a bigger one, depending on the size of the tree. Changing soil can improve soil permeability and increase soil nutrients. The soil for changing pots with stumps is mainly humus, paddy soil and mountain mud. When changing soil, some nutrients can be added to the soil to ferment and volatilize in the soil to become slow-acting nutrients. As for the grasp of soil pH, it depends on the specific situation of tree species. When changing pots, a screen or tile is usually fixed at the hole at the bottom of the pot, and soil with larger particles is added to facilitate drainage, then a stump is put in, and the culture is filled with soil with smaller particles, and bamboo and wooden sticks are inserted tightly. Generally, small bonsai should be turned over every 1 ~ 2 years, medium bonsai every 2 ~ 3 years and large bonsai every 3 ~ 5 years. If it is an old stump site, it can be turned over every few years. If it's an old stump scene like pine and cypress, it's not advisable to turn over the pot more.
How to water the miniature bonsai? When to water it?
There is a saying in the bonsai world: three years of watering means it takes three years to learn to water. Early apprentices learned bonsai from their teachers. When they started, they had to water for three years. After understanding the essentials of watering, the master began to teach other skills (explaining the importance of watering).
On the basic principles of watering:
1. First, understand why water is needed.
As we all know, people are easy to die of thirst without drinking water, and plants will dry up and die without watering. Water is a necessary condition for human beings, animals and plants to sustain life. Because the plants raised in bonsai pots are affected by external conditions (the amount of soil in pots, seasons, weather, lighting, ventilation and other factors, the amount and frequency of watering is a comprehensive problem); For example, watering is not only watering, but also depends on whether the bonsai is breathable (bonsai is breathable: expelling old air from the original soil and introducing new air to promote the roots of plants in the basin to absorb water and breathe).
Secondly, when should we water it?
I usually go to the flower market to buy bonsai and ask, "How often does the boss water it?" ? The answer you get is often: "once a day" or "once every two days" or ... the bonsai plants you buy are often misled by this and die or develop poorly. The root was either drowned by water or died of thirst. Because each family's temperature environment, sunshine and ventilation conditions are different, it can't be treated equally!
When should I water it? Personally, I think the basin soil can be watered when it is dry. The simple analysis is as follows:
1. Water the basin soil before it dries. After a long period of accumulation, the roots of plants will suffocate and rot because the soil is too wet to breathe.
2, the pot soil is too dry to the bottom of the pot without watering, and the roots will wither due to water loss. When you find it, water it again, the roots will wither and lose the function of water absorption, and then soak in water and rot ... (My favorite bonsai plants are also alive, and it is a pity to raise bonsai later).
3. I suggest you keep in mind the eight-character policy: do it thoroughly, do it or not.
4. It is suggested that you adjust the watering time and times according to the environment, season, sunshine, ventilation and the amount of soil in potted plants.
Step 3: Once again
How to control the amount of water when watering? You can't just look at the wetting of the soil surface of bonsai or the seepage of the basin bottom. (Because the space above the pot soil is small, there is a gap between the pot soil, which is easy to cause misleading illusion when watering. It seems to have been soaked, but in fact the bonsai soil has not been soaked. The control principle of water seepage is: slow pouring with fine water and frequent pouring.
Friendly reminder: after watering, the bottom of the basin flows. According to the size of the bonsai, the small bonsai should be watered once every five minutes (the big bonsai every ten minutes).
4. In short, the watering quantity and frequency of bonsai are adjusted according to the season, climate and plant growth:
Environmental conditions in different fields will change with the changes of seasons, climate and sunshine all year round. Therefore, it is recommended that you carefully observe the changes of environmental conditions at home, and then adjust your watering time (it is recommended to water at noon in winter, and it is best to water in spring, autumn, summer and evening).
5, water matters needing attention:
Remarks: In addition, if the plant conditions are different, such as new soil replacement, flowering, fruiting, hardwood, softwood, etc. The amount of watering must also be adjusted. In short, we must master the basic principles: dry thoroughly, do not do it or water it.
A. misleading watering time:
The following two situations often mislead our judgment and make bonsai dehydrated or too wet:
A. When it rains, especially when it rains lightly in the rainy season in summer, it is easy to make the basin soil only wet the surface, and the roots at the bottom of the basin really can't absorb water, especially if the canopy is large like an umbrella, you should be more careful (it is recommended to observe the leaves of plants, which are curly and need watering when they are not energetic).
B. When the surface of the basin soil is completely covered with moss, or because of fertilization, decoration and other reasons, the surface of the basin soil is covered with moss. Or when the fertilizer can't see the pot soil at all, (the moss looks green and wet, but the soil underneath is really dry), or the pot friends try their best to water it first to make sure it is dry without touching the soil, and so on. Remember!
B. Precautions when watering:
A. It is best to use a watering can or install a water nozzle at the end of the water pipe. The finer the spray, the better.
B. When turning on the faucet in the sun, drain the "hot water" in the front section of the water pipe first, and then water the bonsai to avoid scalding the branches and leaves.
C. water so that the spray falls naturally like rain. It is recommended not to flush the soil!
6. "Five Views" and "One Principle" for watering miniature bonsai.
Look at the plant pot.
Second, look at the soil used for bonsai.
Third, look at plant leaves.
Fourth, look at the growing season.
Fifth, look at the climate of the day.
A principle >>
Does indoor potted aloe need watering?
Yes, but not too much water. Aloe vera is very vigorous, easy to raise, like sunshine, but afraid of scorching sun; Love wet, avoid water; High temperature resistance, but fear of cold.
Aloe vera grows most vigorously in spring and autumn. To keep enough water, it is usually watered once every five days. There is a short dormant period in midsummer. At this time, the moisture should be controlled, and it is advisable to dry in the sun, and avoid damp heat, otherwise it will rot easily, especially when watering in the hot sun, which will easily cause rotten leaves. You can water it once every day after the sun goes down. Aloe vera is drought-tolerant, and it needs less irrigation on weekdays, so there can be no water in the basin. /kloc-after 0/0 months, it should be moved indoors to the sunny place, and it should be thoroughly watered before watering, so that the surface soil can be wet. In addition, when the temperature drops to 0℃, aloe will suffer from freezing injury, so pay attention to the indoor temperature.
What should I do if indoor potted plants wither?
Grab the soil with your hands and hold it down. It's just fine if you can't squeeze water.
The premise is whether the plant is dead or not ~ it is useless to toss it after it is dead.
What if the indoor bonsai is dying?
It's simple. Take it to the balcony where you can see the sun for a month, water it in the morning and evening, and it will soon be green.
How to raise indoor potted plants
Potted plants should not be watered too much: because potted plants are placed indoors in a cool or slightly sunny place, too much watering of potted plants will make the soil wet and waterlogged, and lead to suffocation and rot of potted plants, and the leaves will fall off again. Therefore, indoor watering of potted plants should adhere to the principle of "seeing dry and wet, then watering thoroughly", and do not water sporadically or excessively.
Potted plants should not be fertilized too much or too little: potted plants without fertilization for a long time will cause yellow leaves; Too much fertilization, potted plants can not absorb burned roots, can not absorb water, but also lead to yellow leaves falling off. Usually, indoor potted plants are applied with thin fertilizer in late spring and every other week in summer and autumn. Don't apply thicker fertilizer. If there is too much fertilization, some fertilizers in the soil can be diluted and washed away by watering more. Lack of fertilizer will lead to hardening of basin soil, yellowing of potted leaves and slender yellow branches. At this time, fertilizer should be applied immediately, and it will be effective within one week.
Potted plants should not have too much or too little light: it depends on the growth characteristics of potted plants. Some potted plants like sunshine, such as pomegranate, azalea and rose. If it is placed in a place with too weak light for a long time, the plant will gradually weaken, the leaves will become thinner and yellow, and it will not bloom or bloom less.
Prevention and control of potted plant diseases: The common diseases and pests of indoor potted plants mainly include leaf spot caused by aphids, red spiders, fungi and other viruses. Its harmfulness lies in that it is easy to cause local necrosis or withering of the leaves of potted plants, and even the whole plant becomes green. Therefore, indoor potted plants only need to make more fuss about water and fertilizer conservation and light management, keep indoor ventilation and spray drugs in time to prevent them.