1. Metaphor.
"The Operating Table is the Position" uses metaphor. The title of this text compares the "operating table" to the "position" of the battle, vividly expresses the importance and particularity of the "operating table", highlights the tense and critical atmosphere, and praises Dr. Bethune who fought in front of the operating table. lofty qualities and great internationalist spirit.
2. Personification.
"Song of the Sea" uses personification. The title treats the inanimate sea as a living "person" that can sing, express feelings, and express ideas. The anthropomorphic technique is used in the topic, which not only makes the article vivid, lively and interesting, but also full of human touch, making it uniquely interesting to read.
3. Ask questions.
"What is Happiness" uses questioning techniques. Using questioning techniques to raise questions in the topic reveals the center of the full text, which can attract readers' attention, inspire thinking, and deepen understanding.
4. Pun.
"The Tall Back" uses puns. "The Tall Back" ostensibly refers to the unknown uncle's tallness, but in fact it refers to his willingness to help others, his noble moral character, and his admiration.
5. Quotes.
"You Are Wrong"" uses quotation techniques and is based on the original words of the protagonist in the text. "You are thinking wrong" is not only the stern refutation of the enemy by martyr Fang Zhimin, but also reflects the essential difference between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. It also highlights the center and clarifies the theme.
6. Flip.
"Goodbye, Dear" uses the inversion technique. Written in this way, it not only exaggerates the atmosphere, but also focuses on highlighting the incomparable love between the protagonist and his relatives.
Carefully studying the titles in the taste text will be of great benefit to everyone in reviewing and drafting questions. I hope everyone can pay more attention to them in their daily study.
⒈Metaphor
⑴Characteristics of metaphor
Metaphor is "an analogy". That is to grasp the similarities between two things of different natures and use one thing to metaphor another thing. The structure of a metaphor should generally consist of three parts, namely the ontology (the thing being compared), the metaphor (the thing being compared) and the metaphor (the symbol of the metaphorical relationship). The key to forming a metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise it cannot be established.
3 [Basic use of language] Correctly use common rhetorical techniques
⑵Types of metaphors
①Simile. The typical form is: A looks like B. Ontological metaphors all appear, and are connected with metaphorical words such as "like, like, as if, like" in the middle. For example: Harvested crops are piled in piles, like a hill standing tall and stable.
②Metaphor. The typical form is: A is B. All ontological metaphors appear, with no metaphorical words in the middle, and commonly used connections such as "is", "become" and "become". For example: the square is a sea of ??snow-white wreaths, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills.
③ Metaphor. The typical form is: A replaces B. The ontology does not appear, and the metaphor is directly described. But it is different from borrowing. Metaphor takes the related points of two things, and metaphor takes the similarities of two things. For example: "Closing your eyes to catch sparrows", "A blind man fishing for fish", being careless and boastful, and being satisfied with a half-knowledge. This extremely bad style... still exists among many comrades in our party.
④Bo Yu. Use several metaphors in succession to describe the same entity from different angles and using different similarities. For example: Look, that group of girls in windbreakers riding bicycles. Are they red butterflies, green parrots, or blue peacocks?
⑶The function of metaphor
It is mainly to turn the plain into vivid; or to turn the profound into the simple;
⑷In the following situations, although there are words such as "like" and "as if", they are not metaphorical sentences. Such as:
Her character is very much like her mother. (Comparing apples to apples)
It was dark and dark, and it seemed like it was going to rain. (Indicating a guess)
She seemed to hear her heart beating very hard. (Indicating imagination)
Many heroic figures have emerged in our era, such as Xu Honggang, Li Xiangqun, etc. (Indicates enumeration)
⒉ Comparison
⑴Characteristics of comparison
Treat objects as people based on imagination, treat abstract concepts as people or objects, or treat people To describe this thing as that thing. The form is: things are "humanized", or people are "materialized", or object A is "materialized".
⑵ Types of comparison
① Personification (write things as if they were people). For example: the green banana plant on the soft mud is swaying oilily under the water.
② To imitate objects (write people as objects or object A as object B). For example: When I arrived outside my house, my mother had already greeted me, and then my eight-year-old nephew Honger came out.
⑶The role of analogy
The correct use of analogy increases the vividness and imageness of language, allowing readers to not only have a vivid impression of the things expressed, but also to feel the The strong emotion of the thing, thus causing the cries.
⒊Methodism
⑴Characteristics of metonymy
Do not directly state the original name of the thing to be said, but borrow the name of something closely related to the person or thing name instead.
⑵Types of borrowing
①Characteristic ontology. For example: The bearded man roared fiercely.
②Material generation ontology. For example: Wood will be straight if it is supported by a rope, and metal will be sharpened if it is sharpened.
③The logo represents the ontology. For example: Who would have expected that he would fall into the hands of "three Taoist leaders"? Isn't this an injustice?
④ Names represent works. For example: We should read more Lu Xun.
⑤The nickname represents the person. For example: "Lu Chai Stick", go make a fire!
⑥The specific name replaces the general name. For example: a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets.
⑦Concrete replaces abstraction. For example: Don’t take advantage of the masses.
⑧Part replaces the whole. For example: After chanting, the eyebrows are lowered and there is nothing to write, and the moonlight shines on the clothes like water.
⑶The role of metonymy
Replace complexity with simplicity; It can attract people's imagination and make the expression have a prominent, distinctive, concrete and vivid effect.
⒋Exaggeration
⑴Characteristics of exaggeration
In order to pursue a certain expression effect, the original thing is expanded or reduced in a reasonable and reasonable manner. It is required that when using it, the foundation and basis of life should not be lost, it should not be exaggerated, and it should give people a sense of reality.
⑵ Types of exaggeration
① Expanded exaggeration. For example: I am kind in my heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets.
②Reduce and exaggerate. For example: Wuling has meandering waves and Wumeng has majestic walking mud pills.
③Ahead of time and exaggerated. For example: the heart is drunk before drinking, the eyes bleed, and the heart turns to ashes.
⑶The role of exaggeration
It is helpful to highlight the essence and characteristics of things, clearly show the author's emotional attitude towards things, and increase the vividness of language.
⒌Dualship
⑴Characteristics of duality
Two phrases or sentences with the same or roughly equal number of characters, the same or similar structure, and related or opposite meanings are symmetrical of arranged together.
⑵Types of duality
①According to content, it can be divided into positive pairs, oppositional pairs, and serial pairs.
Direct antithesis: a dual form in which the meanings of the upper and lower sentences are similar, close, complementary and contrasting. For example: the tame bird misses the old forest, and the pond fish misses the old abyss.
Opposition: a dual form in which the upper and lower sentences have opposite or opposite meanings. For example: worry and hard work can rejuvenate a country, and leisure can lead to death.
String pair: also known as "running pair". The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual form of relationships such as succession, progression, cause and effect, assumptions, conditions, etc. For example: I have read hundreds of thousands of books and written like a master.
4 [Basic use of Chinese language] Correctly use common rhetorical techniques
②According to form, it can be divided into work pairs and broad pairs.
The so-called correct pairing means that the number of words, part of speech, structure, level, word usage, etc. are all in compliance with the contrasting requirements; the so-called wide pairing means that the writing basically meets the contrasting requirements, but there are slight differences in some aspects. That is to say, the formal requirements are slightly looser.
③According to structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality.
Component duality. For example, the mountains and rivers are ignorant, and the butterflies and geese are ruthless. However, they treat human beings the most fairly and treat them equally. They neither show joy because of the dignitaries nor are they stingy with beauty because of the fishermen and woodcutter in the mountains.
Sentence duality. For example: reeds on the wall are top-heavy and light-footed; bamboo shoots in the mountains have sharp mouths, thick skin and hollow bellies.
⑶The role of duality
①The form is neat and the structure is symmetrical, which can achieve a balanced aesthetic effect.
② The words and sentences are concise and summarized, full of expressiveness, and can express the relationship between related things in a concentrated and clear way; it is a strong contrast between opposite things, with clear praise and blame.
③The rhythm is distinct and the rhyme is harmonious, making it catchy and easy to recite and memorize.
⒍Parallel
⑴Characteristics of parallelism
It is composed of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content, and consistent tone. become.
⑵Types of arrangement
①Ingredient arrangement. For example: Dayan River went away in tears! With the insult of more than forty years of human life, with the misery of countless slaves, with the four-dollar coffin and a few bunches of straw, with the several feet of land where the coffin was buried, with the A handful of paper money was ashes, and she went to the Dayan River in tears.
② Sentence arrangement. For example: their character is so pure and noble, their will is so tenacious and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, their mind is so beautiful and broad.
⑶The role of parallelism
Strengthen the momentum, emphasize the content, and heighten the emotion.
⒎Asking questions
Characteristics of asking questions
“Asking without doubt”. Often we ask questions knowingly, asking and answering ourselves, or just asking without answering. The purpose is to highlight issues to attract people's attention and inspire people to think.
For example: Who is our most lovable person? Our troops, our soldiers, I feel they are the loveliest people.
⒏Rhetorical questions
The characteristic of rhetorical questions is also "questioning without doubt". It uses the form of interrogative sentences to express definite meanings to strengthen the tone and enhance the effect of expression. A question mark is usually placed at the end of the sentence, with Also put an exclamation mark.
There are two forms of rhetorical questions
⑴Use an affirmative form to express negation. For example: The blood of more than forty young people is flooding all around me, making it difficult for me to breathe, see, hear, and see. Where can I find any words?
⑵ Use negative form to express affirmation. For example: There is no anti-people force in history that has not been destroyed by the people! Didn’t Hitler and Mussolini both fall in front of the people?
Distinguish several rhetorical techniques
Although the college entrance examination does not emphasize conceptually distinguishing figures of speech, this does not mean that general understanding is not needed. If you don't understand and master it, how can you correctly judge whether the rhetorical methods are right or wrong, and whether they are good or bad? How can we talk about using it correctly according to the requirements and context? When understanding various rhetorical methods, it is best to use the method of group comparison to compare the similarities and differences.
⒈Meonymy and metonymy
The distinction between metonymy and metonymy can be made from the following four aspects:
⑴The essence of metonymy is "metaphor", although its ontology Neither metaphor nor metaphor appears, but a comparable object (i.e. ontology) is implied. The essence of metonymy is "generation", which uses certain characteristics of things to refer to the ontology, and has no comparable object.
⑵ Because metaphor is a "metaphor", it can generally be supplemented with "ontology" and "metaphor". Borrowing has no comparable object and cannot be supplemented in this way.
⑶ Metaphors can generally describe an entity that does not appear. However, metonymy can only play the role of "generation". Most of its substitute words are nouns or noun phrases and cannot play a descriptive role.
⑷In an article, if the metaphor "×× is like ××" appears in the front, and the metaphor is used directly in the following text, it becomes metonymy.
⒉ Comparison and metaphor
The similarity between comparison and metaphor is that they both involve the comparison of two things A and B, and two things A and B are "comparable".
The difference between comparison and metaphor is:
⑴ In terms of meaning, the focus of metaphor is "metaphor", that is, "metaphor", which highlights the similarities between two things; The focus of analogy is "imitate", that is, "liken to, treat as", which directly describes A as B.
⑵ From a formal point of view, metaphors often appear in the form of noun words to represent an entity. The part that plays a role in comparison is descriptive, and its expression is in the form of verb words or adjective words.
⒊Parallelism and Parallelism
The main difference between parallelism and parallelism is that parallelism must consist of three or more items, while parallelism is limited to two sentences; parallelism has no limit on the number of words. Strict requirements only require the same or similar structure, while duality requires the same or similar number of words and the same structure; most of the items in parallelism have the same words as mentioning words, while the upper and lower sentences of the duality are generally not allowed to use the same words (Wide pairs are not so strict); Parallelism generally only expresses similar or related meanings, while duality expresses opposite, opposite or connected meanings.
⒋ Prestigious questions and rhetorical questions
The difference between presumptive questions and rhetorical questions is mainly reflected in: Prestigious questions have answers or prompt readers to think, often at the beginning of a chapter or paragraph, and the purpose is to draw attention to Readers should note that question marks must be used; rhetorical questions do not need to be answered, and there is a clear answer in the question, often in the middle or at the end of the paragraph. The purpose is to strengthen the tone and express strong feelings, so sometimes an exclamation mark is used.