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Application method of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on some crops (cotton, rice, wheat, corn, peanuts, fruits, etc.). )
1, the use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in wheat
Applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate to wheat is a mature agronomic measure, which can keep grain weight and prevent dry and hot wind. However, if it cannot be applied scientifically, the effect of increasing production is not obvious. Since 200 1, the soil and fertilizer workstation in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province has conducted the experiment of applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate to wheat in Wuzhi County for three consecutive years, with an average yield increase of more than 20%, with an average input of 15 ~ 20 yuan per mu, which can increase the grain value 100 ~ 150 yuan, and the investment benefit ratio is about
Specific application method: soaking and dressing seeds before sowing; Seed dressing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate before sowing: 25g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for each kilogram of seeds, which is evenly mixed with a small amount of water and sprinkled into wheat seeds, stacked for 3-5h, dried and sown. Seed soaking: 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per kilogram of seeds. After weighing the seeds, clear water is stirred evenly in the container to release the seeds. The liquid level of the solution is about 25px higher than that of the seed. Soak 10 hour, dry and sow. Wheat seeds soaked and dressed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate have neat emergence, complete seedlings, Miao Zhuang, many tillers before winter, and large population.
Foliar spraying starts from the turning green stage of wheat, including five key stages: turning green stage, jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage. According to the seedling condition, growth and appearance of wheat, spray it at least twice. Generally, when wheat rises in spring, the number of ears per mu reaches more than 600 thousand. Spraying 1 time in booting stage and filling stage, spraying 1 time in wheat fields below heading 600,000, and spraying1time in greening stage, jointing stage and filling stage. When spraying above, the dosage per mu should be controlled at 600~ 800 g each time. It has the functions of strengthening stalks, preventing lodging, increasing 1000-grain weight, prolonging the life of functional leaves, prolonging the filling period, preventing dry and hot wind, reducing pests and diseases and yellowing wheat.
2. The use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in corn.
Every 100kg corn kernel needs to absorb N)3.43kg of n) nitrogen, 3.26 kg of phosphorus pentoxide 1.23 kg of potassium oxide, and the fertilization should be balanced among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Base fertilizer: 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer, all phosphorus fertilizer, one third of nitrogen fertilizer and all potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer. It can be combined with ploughing and ridging and applied to the sowing ditch at one time, so that the fertilizer can be applied to the 10 cm- 15 cm tillage layer.
Seed fertilizer: Seed fertilizer is the most economical and effective fertilization method. There are many application methods of seed fertilizer, such as seed dressing, seed soaking, strip application and hole application. Humic acid, biological fertilizer and micro-fertilizer can be selected for seed dressing. Dissolve the fertilizer, spray it on the corn seeds, stir it while spraying, so that the fertilizer solution adheres to the surface of the seeds evenly, and then sow it in the shade. Seed soaking: Soak seeds with 0.2% and 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 0/2 hour, and sow immediately after drying in the shade.
Topdressing leaves two-thirds of nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing. Topdressing is divided into four stages: seedling fertilizer, stalk fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer, and the following three stages are the key points:
Straw fertilizer: topdressing within 10 day after jointing stage can promote stem growth and young panicle differentiation. One third of the nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing is used as jointing fertilizer, and the spacing between fertilizer and seedling is 5 cm ~ 7 cm in combination with intertillage. Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times at the jointing stage of corn can increase the yield of corn by more than 10%.
Ear fertilizer is the most important topdressing for high yield of maize. Generally, topdressing is applied about 10 days before heading, that is, at the big bell mouth stage, about 20 kilograms of urea and 400 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with 50 kilograms of water are used for foliar spraying. Whether it is spring corn or summer corn, the effect of increasing yield can be achieved by applying ear fertilizer again.
Grain fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied before and after corn pollination. The application of grain fertilizer can prolong the photosynthesis time of leaves, prevent premature senescence of roots and leaves, promote grain filling and increase grain weight. Generally, 5 kg of urea can be topdressing per mu, or 0.5 kg of urea can be sprayed per mu with 250 ~ 400 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of water.
3. The application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in peanuts
When sowing, use 200 ~ 400g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and add water to seed dressing. The water will submerge peanut seeds by about 25px. Before flowering, the peanuts were sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, the dosage was 400g per mu, and each time they were watered with 50kg. At the flowering and pod setting stage, the dosage per mu is 400-800g, and 50-60kg of water is sprayed each time; When the fruit is full, the dosage per mu is 400g, and the water is sprayed for 30l at a time.
4. Application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in soybean.
Soybean leaves have a strong ability to absorb fertilizer. Therefore, foliar topdressing of soybean has the characteristics of less fertilizer, quick effect, high efficiency and early maturity.
When soybean is sown, seeds are dressed with 200-400g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and appropriate amount of water; Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate once at seedling stage, early flowering stage, full flowering stage and grain filling stage, with the dosage of 400g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and about 50kg water each time. Practice has proved that this method can increase the weight of 100 soybeans by 0.25 g -0.3 g, with an average yield increase of more than 6% per mu. If it can be mixed with 400g-500g/ mu of urea with about 50kg of water, the effect will be better.
5. The application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in cotton
Key points of cotton formula fertilization technology The growth characteristics of cotton are infinite growth, strong regeneration ability, strong plant type controllability and large fertilizer demand. Generally speaking, adequate fertilizer is the basis of high yield and high quality of cotton. Adequate phosphate fertilizer can promote the healthy growth of cotton plants, increase boll weight and early maturity. Potassium fertilizer is a catalyst for many enzymes in plants, which can promote photosynthesis and cellulose synthesis. The fertilization technology of cotton is "adjusting nitrogen, increasing potassium, supplementing phosphorus and spraying boron". Specifically, we should pay special attention to the following five technical measures:
(1), pay attention to the application of farmyard manure: farmyard manure can improve soil and fertility. Supplementing crops with various nutrients and applying a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is a supplement and synergy to farmyard manure. On this basis, the application of micro-fertilizer will have a significant synergistic effect. If farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer is not satisfied, the effect of micro-fertilizer is not significant.
(2) Adjusting the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer: farmers' long-term partial application of nitrogen fertilizer not only leads to the loss and waste of nitrogen nutrients, but also makes the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium seriously out of balance. According to different soil fertility, the application of nitrogen fertilizer per mu is adjusted to 10 ~ 15 kg (including organic fertilizer nitrogen).
(3) Increasing the application amount of potassium fertilizer: the absorption of potassium by cotton from emergence to bud stage accounts for about 24% of the total amount of the whole growth period. About 42% of plants are budding to flowering. Flowering to maturity accounts for about 34%. Therefore, potassium fertilizer should be applied before bud stage or topdressing (the best topdressing is soluble potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can supplement potassium and phosphorus at the same time), which is beneficial to the early growth of cotton and mainly meets the needs of the growth and development of buds, flowers and bolls. In the later stage, potassium fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves (with 0.3 ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) to supplement potassium. The amount of potash fertilizer is increased to per mu 10 ~ 15 kg.
(4) Supplementing phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus is not easy to move in soil, slowly dissolved and released, and is not easily absorbed by roots. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer to make it have fertilizer efficiency in the early stage of growth. In production, nitrogen fertilizer is often mixed with phosphorus fertilizer, and its fertilizer efficiency is much higher than that of phosphorus fertilizer alone (when potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied, phosphorus fertilizer is supplemented at the same time) You can also apply fertilizer outside the roots in the later stage and spray it on the leaves with high-quality potassium dihydrogen phosphate (such as 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate). The dosage of phosphate fertilizer should be supplemented to 20 ~ 30 kg.
(5) Spraying boron fertilizer: Adequate boron can not only promote the development of flower organs, improve the pollination and seed setting rate, but also accelerate the transport of carbohydrates in plants and increase the weight and lint percentage of single peaches. Therefore, spraying 65,438+0,000 times boron-rich solution at bud stage, early flowering stage and full flowering stage respectively, and adding 0.3 ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
In addition, during the cotton growth period, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and 0.3% high-yield solution were mixed and sprayed for 2 ~ 3 times, and the effect was very obvious.
6, the use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in rice
The fertilizer requirement of rice is 2.0 ~ 2.4 kg of nitrogen, 0.9 ~10.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 2.5 ~ 2.9 kg of potassium oxide per 100 kg of rice. Considering the factors such as soil supply capacity, fertilizer utilization efficiency and production level, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilization should be 65,438+under the condition of moderate soil nutrients.
(1), the principle of fertilization
Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer, which contains various nutrients, besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, there are also sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and various trace elements. The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil aeration, improve fertilizer and water conservation, promote the stable growth of rice plants, and be beneficial to high yield and high quality of rice. Farm manure must be decomposed farm manure.
Control nitrogen fertilizer. Proper application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of rice plants, but excessive application will not only lead to the increase of ineffective segregation, greening, lodging and diseases and insect pests, but also lead to the increase of empty grains and the decrease of seed setting rate, which will affect rice yield. Therefore, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the growth and development of rice.
Pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are indispensable elements for rice growth and development, which can enhance the activity of plants, promote the synthesis and transportation of nutrients, strengthen photosynthesis, prolong the functional period of leaves, make grains plump and increase yield. Phosphate fertilizer should be base fertilizer and potash fertilizer should be topdressing.
Appropriate supplementation of trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium and sulfur can enhance the stress resistance of rice plants, improve their disease resistance and promote rice growth. The practice shows that the application of sulfur fertilizer in sulfur-deficient soil and silicon fertilizer in silicon-deficient soil can increase production significantly. Zinc, boron and other trace elements can improve the oxygen supply of rice roots, enhance the stress resistance of rice plants, improve the disease resistance of plants, promote the later root development, prolong the functional period of leaves and prevent premature aging; It can accelerate the development of flowers, increase the number of pollen, promote the germination of flowers and grains, and help improve the panicle rate of rice; It can also promote large panicle and more grains, improve seed setting rate and grain plumpness, thus improving rice yield.
(2) Reference of fertilization model for high-yield rice.
The formula fertilization model of 450-550kg rice per mu is as follows:
First, the total amount and proportion of fertilization
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be about 1: 0.5: 0.9, and the total amount is about 10 ~ 13 kg, phosphorus oxide 5 ~ 7 kg and potassium oxide 8 ~ 12 kg.
B, fertilization scheme
Base fertilizer: a. Organic fertilizer: fresh green fertilizer 1 0,000 ~ 2,000 kg or stable fertilizer 500 ~ 1 0,000 kg or commercial organic fertilizer 60 ~ 80 kg per mu should be applied to common early rice; In late rice, early rice straw can be used as organic fertilizer (the amount returned to the field is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of that of early rice straw) or 500 ~ 1000 kg of stable fertilizer or 80 ~ 100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer can be applied per mu; The application of manure is 500 ~ 1000 kg or commercial organic fertilizer is 80 ~1000 kg per mu for one-season rice. B fertilizer: 7-9 kg of urea, 35-45 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 4-6 kg of potassium chloride and 0/kg of zinc sulfate/kloc.
Top dressing: a, tillering stage: 5-7 kg of urea and 4-6 kg of potassium chloride; 800g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once with 50kg of water. B booting stage: 6-8kg urea and 5-7kg potassium chloride; 800g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once with 50kg of water. C heading date: 50 kg of water is sprayed with 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 kg of urea to prevent premature aging.
7, the use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in rape.
Rapeseed is mainly divided into two categories: Brassica napus and Brassica napus. Different types have different absorption ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O). The average absorption ratio of Brassica napus is 1:0.42: 1.4, and that of Brassica napus is1:0.44:/kloc. The following mainly introduces the law of fertilizer demand and fertilization technology of Brassica napus. According to the characteristics of rape growth and development and the law of fertilizer demand, in production practice, it is generally necessary to apply 500 ~ 1000 kg of pig manure, 40 ~ 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0 ~ 5 ~ 20 kg of potassium fertilizer/kloc-0, 25 ~ 30 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer and 65438 kg of zinc fertilizer per mu. The specific fertilization method is roughly as follows:
(1), applying seedbed fertilizer. First, fertilize the seedbed. The specific method is to apply 200-300 kg of decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, 2 kg of urea, 5 kg of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride 1 kg before sowing every 0. 1 mu seedbed, and then mix the fertilizer with soil (10 cm ~ 15 cm thick) and sow. Combined with thinning planting, topdressing 1 ~ 2 times, topdressing is mainly based on human and animal manure, pay attention to the combination of fertilizer and water to ensure the transplanting of strong seedlings. Before transplanting, 0.2% boron fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed once.
(2) Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The general principle of base fertilizer application is "sufficient quantity, complete variety and timely". Base fertilizer was applied into the hole 1 day before rape transplanting. Generally, 500- 1000 kg of pig manure, 40-50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0-5-20 kg of urea/kloc, 7- 10 kg of potassium fertilizer, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer and 0.0 kg of zinc fertilizer/kloc-0.
Before fertilization, all kinds of fertilizers should be fully mixed evenly, which is the process of self-made rape special fertilizer. The specific method is: first, add a large number of elemental fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and then add trace element fertilizers (boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer). In the process of fertilizer mixing, urea may react with calcium superphosphate to ooze water. Therefore, when calcium superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer, it can be added at last or applied alone. Fertilizer should be used immediately after it is mixed, that is, it should be prepared with it. After the fertilizer is applied, it needs to be covered with soil to prevent volatilization loss.
After applying base fertilizer, rape seedlings can be transplanted. When transplanting, it is not suitable to plant rape directly on the fertilization hole. It is forbidden to contact the roots of rape seedlings with fertilizer, so as to avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings because of the high concentration of fertilizer.
(3) topdressing. Rapeseed topdressing is generally divided into two times.
The first topdressing is carried out about 50 days after transplanting, that is, before the rape seedlings enter the overwintering period, 4 ~ 6 kg/mu of urea and 4.0 ~ 5.0 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied. The fertilization method is soil application combined with intertillage. If it is not intertillage, a ditch with a depth of 10cm can be dug between rows, and the two fertilizers can be evenly mixed and applied, and then covered with soil.
The second topdressing was applied in the moss period after spring, with 4.0 ~ 6.0 kg urea and 4.0 ~ 5.0 kg potassium chloride per mu. Because at this time, the rape has been sealed and it is not convenient to operate, so it can only spread on the surface. Pay attention to spread evenly, and it is best to spread it before it rains.
(4) Spraying foliar fertilizer: foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time after the full flowering period to promote the photosynthesis of functional leaves. Combined with pesticide application, 0.3~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 ~ 2% urea solution can be sprayed once every other week for two times. Fields without boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer should be sprayed with foliar fertilizer, using 0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
The application method of rape is as follows: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate) twice before and after the seedling stage, adding 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate) to 30kg of water per mu each time, spraying 400g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate) to 30kg of water per mu in the middle stage, and adding 65438+ each time from flowering to maturity. Miao Zhuang is characterized by full seeds, few diseases and high yield.