Tunnel arch refers to the steel support used to support tunnels or bunkers in tunnel engineering, such as tunnels in highway tunnel engineering, railway tunnel engineering, military concealed engineering, mines, coal mines, iron mines and hydropower stations. Generally, the section steel or steel bar is made according to a certain radian and length, then it is made into a single piece, then it is installed on the construction site, then the anchor rod is installed, the connecting steel bar is welded, the steel mesh is welded, and finally the shotcrete is completed.
The role of arch frame in tunnel construction is to support the tunnel body, which forms a rigid body with anchor rod, steel mesh, connecting steel bar and concrete to prevent collapse. After construction, it can't be removed and reused, and it will be permanently supported in the tunnel.
Arch type:
1, steel arch
Steel arches are divided into I-shaped steel arches, I-shaped steel arches, channel steel arches, miners' steel arches and U-shaped steel arches according to manufacturing materials, among which I-shaped steel arches are most widely used in highway and railway tunnel construction, and I-shaped steel arches are also among them. Miners' steel supports and U-shaped steel supports are generally used to support roadways such as coal mines, and they are also made of I-beams in coal mines, but rarely. Channel steel arches are generally used in small tunnels and are rarely used. In the production process, there are some finished steel and some steel plates, such as H-beam and I-beam, in which the proportion of H-beam is greater than I-beam, and steel arches are used in places with high surrounding rock grade.
Steel arches are generally made into arcs by cold bending machines, stretch bending machines and top bending machines. All kinds of machinery and equipment have their own characteristics, including machining radius, arc fluency, arc precision, distortion control after steel processing, machining speed, equipment processing capacity, equipment price and so on. Users should choose the corresponding equipment according to the design drawings of actual arch materials.
2. Grille arch
Grille arch is an arch made of steel bars. Like a steel arch, it is made according to a certain radian and length, and then installed on the site. Its function is the same as that of steel arch, but it is mostly used in places with low surrounding rock grade.
Grille arch is composed of main reinforcement, splayed reinforcement, U-shaped steel reinforcement, corner reinforcement and angle steel connecting plate. Among them, steel bar cutter, steel bar straightening cutter, steel bar bending machine, angle steel cutter, bench drill and electric welding machine are needed. When making the mold, first put the main reinforcement into the standard mold, then install other prefabricated components in the corresponding position according to the drawings, and then weld them firmly according to certain requirements. When making a mold, the deformation during demoulding, the angle of the connecting plate and the position of the hole are mainly considered. The radius should be adjusted according to experience.
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