Danger 1: Basement flashover (escape point: break the window of a confined space)
Louis Koo, who quit his job as a firefighter, runs a fire protection facilities company and has rich escape experience and risk awareness. He set up an advanced fire control system for a building, but there is always a gap. The repairman randomly discarded burning cigarette butts in the humid environment of the basement, causing sparks to float in the air, eventually igniting combustible materials, and the underground floor instantly ignited. A fire broke out, and the moment the security guard checking the fire opened the basement door, the underground floor of the building burst into flames. The fire spread upstairs. Escape point: Break the window of the confined space
When a fire breaks out in a closed room, the door cannot be opened casually. Explosions in fires are generally divided into two types: physics and chemistry. There are many causes of explosions. The detailed distinctions include gas explosions, mixed gas explosions, and dust explosions. The main reason is that when there is a fire source, indoor combustion will increase the temperature, and the fire energy will expand rapidly in the confined space. The moment the door is opened, oxygen from outside will rush into the room causing an explosion. The first option is to crack the top of the window to allow hot air to escape from above.
Danger situation two: Climbing a fire building with ropes (escape point: learn a few tricks of "rope knotting")
"Escape" designed a plan for Louis Koo, Li Xinjie, and Chen Sicheng In the "all-round, multi-angle, three-dimensional surround" fire scene, when the three people were forced into a corner by the fire, it happened that there was a window at the end of the wall. Louis Koo, who had a fire rope in his hand, chose to climb out of the building through the window. After climbing up the outer wall to a window on the upper floor, they tied up Li Xinjie and Chen Sicheng with professional rope knotting methods and pulled them to a fire-free zone on the higher floor. But Chen Sicheng, who was in a panic, put on the wrong rope and almost fell from the tall building. Escape point: Learn a few tricks of "rope knotting"
Learning two strong and simple rope knotting methods is an effective way to escape from the "fire siege". "The rope method in firefighting, There are 26 subdivisions: "Human knot, figure eight knot, double knot, rope knot, and half buckle knot are all commonly used self-rescue knotting methods." Among them, the human knot is also known as the "King of Knots." , is the most popular knotting method in the world. Its tying method is to tie a rope loop in the middle of the rope, pass the rope end through the middle of the rope loop, around the main rope, and then pass through the rope loop again to tie the knot. Tighten to complete. Leave enough length at the end of the rope, loop the rope end around part of the rope loop, then pass it through the rope loop, tighten the knot and tie it. It should be noted that, When using, wet clothes should be placed at the joint between the rope and the window sill to prevent the rope from being cut. Pan Pan suggested that to prevent the rescued person from sliding down, it is best to clamp the rope with their feet in a twist. "In our daily training, not only You need to practice both-hand tying and one-handed tying. I think ordinary people should practice the basic knotting techniques to prepare for emergencies. ”
Danger 3: Escape. Fire insulation layer (escape point: only when the building is over 100 meters high will there be a fire insulation layer)
In the event of a fire, people’s first reaction is usually to take the stairs to escape from the door, but as in "Escape" Sky" A fire broke out in the basement. If the fire spreads for a long time, it may reach the street exit. Generally, if there is a fire on a lower floor, it will be more dangerous for people on the upper floors to go down. In the movie, Louis Koo led everyone to do the opposite, running upstairs and escaping to the "fire barrier" for temporary safety. What is the function of the "fire barrier" area? Does every building have this area? Escape point: Only buildings with a height of more than 100 meters must have a fire barrier
"Buildings with a height of more than 100 meters are required to have a refuge floor, which is the fire barrier in the film, also called a fire escape floor. " Dong Yi explained that when the height of the building exceeds 100 meters, fire insulation layers should be installed every 14 floors, because most fire trucks have a height of 50 meters. "It is an effective and economical way to ensure the operation of firefighting equipment. The appropriate height spacing is 50 meters. The total weight of the refuge floor should match the total number of daily activities on the 14th floor. This refuge floor should also be accessible through any fire escape and have an independent power system, ventilation system, Fire hydrants, and dedicated fire elevator exits. Floors and walls are required to be fire-resistant for 3 hours, girders are required to be fire-resistant for 2 hours, and floors are required to be fire-resistant for 1.5 hours. "But 33-story residences often do not have a fire resistance of 100 meters, so there is little fire insulation. layer.
Danger 4: Walking on a crane at high altitude (escape point: commonly used ladders to the sixth or seventh floor)
The most terrifying thing about a fire in a high-rise building is that the fire truck's "ladder" cannot reach the height. In the film, people on high-rise buildings are looking for ladder trucks when escaping, which is impressive. Because it was blocked by the fire, the fire isolation layer where the protagonists in the film were located could not be reached by the ladder truck. There happened to be a crane opposite the building where the fire broke out. Liu Qingyun, who played the fire captain, used the crane's boom to "cast" between the construction site and the building. "A scale with a high-altitude crane to rescue trapped people. Escape point: Commonly used ladders go to the sixth and seventh floors
During a fire, the fire brigade’s ladder truck provides a way for people to survive. But similar to the situation in the movie, there is a limit to the height a ladder truck can reach. Therefore, it is very important to understand the floors that the ladder truck can reach. Pan Pan explained that the commonly used ladders used for fire rescue in China are 32 meters and 53 meters. "The 101-meter ladder worth more than 20 million yuan can reach the 33rd to 34th floor of a building, but there are only four or five meters in China." The most common 32-meter ladder can generally reach the 6th to 7th floor of a building.
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Danger five: chemical gas (escape point: wet cloth to block mouth and nose)
Finally escaped to the fire barrier, Louis Koo, Li Xinjie and their group got "temporary" "Safe", but some people disguised chemicals as mineral water and stored them here. This is an extremely dangerous signal. Once the chemical liquid encounters fire, not only will it explode, but Jin Qiaoqiao's husband in the film will soon die due to inhaling the poisonous gas produced by the chemicals. In reality, most of the fire victims were not killed by the flames, but by inhalation of smoke and dust. How should people protect themselves in a fire scene with damp cloth? Nose
He said that in many fires in reality, fire is not the biggest killer. The poisonous gas produced by igniting various smoke and chemicals is the main cause of death, not just pure chemistry. The burning of materials is toxic. Many building decoration materials and interior decoration materials will produce toxic gases when they burn. "When the fire enters the development stage, the flames become larger and the surrounding items are gradually ignited. Residents must not forcefully put out the fire. It is really impossible to escape the fire. When at the scene of an accident, close the door first, block the cracks in the door with sheets, cotton cloth, and clothes to prevent outside poisonous gas from entering. Wet the towel with water, block your nose and mouth, and lie down on the ground to wait for the rescue team. ”
Dangerous situation six: Escape from the elevator shaft (escape point: safe passage is the most reliable)
The most exciting part of "Escape" is the finale, when you are forced by poison gas and fire A group of people saw that the elevator hoistway was filled with water several stories high that had been accumulated by the fire brigade when extinguishing the fire. So they jumped into the trough one by one and dived into the water. When Liu Qingyun cut the elevator cable from above, the elevator box fell vertically and hit it. In the water, the pressure of the water was used to break open the elevator basement door at the bottom of the trough, and a group of people finally escaped from here. Escape point: Safe passage is reliable
This method of escape has strict prerequisites, not only. It’s not practical, but it hides a huge crisis. “This is a movie, it’s fiction, it’s very unrealistic. Anyone with common sense understands that when a fire breaks out, the elevator will automatically stop running, and fireworks usually spread upward along the elevator shaft and cable shaft. "In addition, after a fire occurs, the power supply will be cut off and the elevator will automatically stop on the first floor. "If there is a fire on a high-rise building, do not choose the 'elevator' method of going downstairs. After a fire breaks out in a building, the safest way to escape is to take the safe passage of the stairs. There are no combustibles here and there are vents. When the ventilation equipment sends oxygen to the corridor, the pressure difference has the effect of preventing toxic smoke from entering the safe passage, and fire protection Ladders will also give priority to fire escape windows. Therefore, seizing the time and taking the safe passage is the best way to evacuate.
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