Integrate resources and invest rationally.
The contradiction between scale and capacity is the primary contradiction we are facing at present. In recent years, the scale of enterprise operation is unprecedented, but the factors of production are seriously insufficient, mainly in the shortage of equipment, personnel and experienced construction team. How to solve these three problems directly determines whether the production and operation of enterprises can maintain a stable and orderly growth trend. The solution to this contradiction is to integrate resources scientifically.
We should attach great importance to the investment in tooling and equipment. Key equipment should be independently invested, and brand products with reliable performance should be selected as far as possible. General equipment and shared equipment should make full use of existing social resources and control investment. In principle, it should be solved by renting social equipment or the construction team's own way, and beware of excessive investment. Equipment is an important factor to improve the professional ability of architecture, and investment should aim at forming professional ability, and strive for advanced application, mutual matching, lowest efficiency and lowest cost.
We should effectively integrate human resources. Man is the most active factor in the factors of production, and putting the right person in the right position can bring immeasurable potential into play. Eyes inward, strive to revitalize the stock and fully tap the internal potential. At the same time, we should use external forces to effectively integrate social human resources for our use. Attention should be paid to the relationship with site supervision and design, and its strength should be used to provide technical control and guidance for construction.
Give priority to the construction team with certain management and technical strength. Strict management and kindness are combined to form a good cooperative relationship. Our company has summarized five modes of outsourcing team use: one is Nanping tunnel mode, which uses labor services purely, uses its own employees as team leaders, arranges labor services into shifts and pays according to work efficiency. This model is suitable for highly mechanized construction projects. Second, the water cypress line model. Due to the excessive price reduction, the loss is a foregone conclusion. Through argumentation, the conditions such as time limit for a project, price and quality requirements are announced, and public bidding should not only bring its own equipment, but also pay a deposit first. There are only 20 people in the whole project department, and the management is carried out to the end. This model is suitable for bridge and tunnel projects with certain scale, small construction difficulty and single geology. Three, the mode of respecting pets, two holes, a team, equipment joint investment, all expenses are controlled by us, wages are paid monthly, and dividends are distributed in proportion after the project is completed. This model is suitable for projects with high quality and strong management ability. Fourth, the Inner Mongolia model, the cost is not high, the unit price is very low, and no one wants to do it. After selection, a powerful outsourcing team was selected and managed by itself, and the effect was good. This model is suitable for teams with high integrity. Five, the current general model, process separation, labor cost contracting, quota allocation, equipment leasing, installment settlement. But in principle, I don't think such a big project as passenger dedicated line or Yiwan line must be all-inclusive. The management, equipment and technical backbone must be our own, and the economy must be controlled by us. Solving the above three problems is of great significance for alleviating the contradiction between scale and production capacity and improving our construction capacity.
Hierarchical management, complementary advantages
For construction production, the head office, the group company and the engineering company should be classified and managed, each focusing on its own affairs and managing its own projects, thus forming a situation of complementary advantages. The engineering company goes all out to construct, and the project management should be "real" and work hard; League branch should be "accurate", look at people and select people accurately, find problems accurately, solve problems accurately, and there should be no false shooting; The head office should be "high", that is, to solve high-level and universal problems, to solve management concept problems and major program problems, and to formulate excellent programs and measures. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized projects and individual projects are organized and managed by engineering companies, super-large projects are monitored and managed by group companies, and major projects are managed by head office. The head office and the group company should make clear the key projects that should be supervised and managed at the current level, and do not interfere too much with the projects that should or should not be managed.
Judging from the division of construction management responsibilities, the main responsibility of engineering companies should be highlighted. The production factors are concentrated in the engineering company, which is responsible for all the projects under construction. The main responsibilities should include: establishing and improving the project management responsibility system to ensure clear responsibilities, smooth government orders and timely and accurate information feedback; Carefully select key positions such as project manager and project chief engineer to ensure that the quality and ability of relevant personnel match the job requirements; Organize the implementation of pre-control measures in terms of project construction and cost; Integrate internal and external resources of enterprises, organize production factors in place, and truly form production capacity; Effectively monitor the quality, safety, construction period and benefit of the project and be really responsible for it, find the crux of the problem in time, solve it decisively, and eliminate the crisis in time; Strengthen infrastructure construction, form special construction capabilities such as bridges and tunnels, improve the ability to tackle key and difficult projects, and strengthen the management of technical cadres by classification, including the cultivation of management talents, technical backbones and professionals, the improvement of equipment allocation and the matching of corresponding talents, and the establishment and improvement of assessment and reward methods.
The main responsibilities of the group company in construction management are: perfecting the employment mechanism, establishing the expert team, and strengthening the construction of the general manager, chief engineer, project manager and chief engineer team of the engineering company; Organize scientific and technological research, popularize the achievements of "four innovations" and purchase advanced and applicable large-scale key equipment; Guide the development of special construction capacity of engineering companies, undertake tasks, assign tasks, assign cadres and purchase machines and tools in a targeted manner; Solve major problems in project construction, guide the review of major projects and formulate construction plans, solve major technical problems and overcome major difficulties on the spot; Organize large-scale engineering construction, set up a one-time headquarters to directly command the site; Assess, reward and punish the performance of construction management responsibilities at all levels.
The main responsibility of the head office in construction management is macro-management, which mainly includes: responsible for the communication and implementation of relevant national policies and regulations and communication and coordination with relevant national ministries and commissions; Establish rules and regulations, formulate management standards and stipulate management procedures; Establish and improve the responsibility system of construction management, and clarify the responsibility of construction management at all levels; Supervise and manage major special projects; Disposal of major events in construction production.
It must be emphasized that the core of the project law construction is the responsibility system of the project leader, and the responsibility of the project department in construction management is irreplaceable by organs at all levels. The project department must solve specific problems in construction based on itself, including: decomposing objectives, decomposing responsibilities, establishing and implementing terminal responsibility system, and establishing an efficient organization and operation mechanism; Responsible for process management, implement the system requirements of project management, and fully realize the objectives of time limit, quality, safety and benefit; Coordinate external relations and establish good relations with owners, supervisors, design units, local governments and the masses.
Take precautions and strengthen pre-control.
Everything is established in advance, and it is abolished if it is not foreseen. Construction management is a science, and it needs to emphasize planning in advance to ensure the high starting point and reasonable operation of the project. A good beginning is half the battle.
Attach great importance to the layout of the article. The so-called layout refers to the design and distribution of production line and construction capacity, including the design of access road and power supply, the planning of waste yard, borrow yard, mixing station and beam yard, the arrangement of material supply channels, the optimization of auxiliary pilot tunnels for long and long tunnels, the selection of bridge pile foundation drilling rig and the construction scheme of underwater piers, and the division of responsibility areas in the whole region. If you are better at layout, you have a better chance of winning. The authority of the group company or engineering company must assist the project department to check the site layout. An expert looks at the doorway, a layman looks at the excitement. How is your management level? As soon as the project was arranged, the insiders saw it at a glance.
Earnestly grasp the allocation of production factors. The person in charge of the project and the chief engineer should be cautious in the staffing of key positions of the project, and choose the right person to do the right thing, especially the person in charge of the project should be knowledgeable, economical, enterprising and responsible, good at getting along with others, honest and clean; We should implement the principle of specialization in team arrangement, and try to choose teams that have done similar projects. Skilled hands will make management get twice the result with half the effort; In the initial investment, it is necessary to make overall plans, get in place at one time, overcome the consciousness of small farmers, correct the mentality of making do and wait, and resolutely invest in time.
Establish a perfect responsibility system according to the actual project. Formulate practical management reward and punishment measures, resolutely implement them, and ensure that everything in the project is managed and everyone has something to do, and always runs in an orderly and controllable track.
Independent innovation, overcoming difficulties
To strengthen technological innovation, we should adhere to the following principles when solving this series of problems:
First, independent innovation and original innovation. It is difficult to introduce civil engineering technology, so design and construction units must establish a sense of innovation. Our innovation is a process of continuous accumulation and improvement, and it is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.
The second is to learn from and imitate. Improvement is innovation. Don't always want to invent. On the basis of reference and imitation, we should improve while practicing, and every little makes a mickle to promote technological progress. The key to innovation is to take the lead in imitation. Especially for the technology of passenger dedicated line, we should learn from foreign mature technology and technology with an open mind, master the construction achievements of the pilot section of passenger dedicated line, innovate from a high starting point, take fewer detours, and don't grope for everything from scratch, which will not pay off with half the effort. In the process of imitation learning, we should know both why and why.
The third is to borrow brains from the outside. Hire experts inside and outside the road and internationally to guide us to overcome difficulties. Experts are not omnipotent, they mainly provide theoretical basis and help us check. The specific implementation plan depends on our own thinking, formulation and improvement.
Fourth, learn from your own bitter experience, sum up lessons, and don't make technical mistakes that have been made by the same kind.
Fifthly, starting from reality, taking the difficult problems in construction as the research topic, first come up with the scheme, analyze the cause and effect while practicing and changing, and summarize the regular things.
Sixth, strengthen coordination and complement each other's advantages. Each bureau group company should compete for a win-win situation, learn from each other's strong points and complement each other's advantages to realize the sharing of technical resources throughout the system.
Grasp the principal contradiction and pay attention to the transformation of contradiction.
Things are influenced by various contradictions, which interact with each other, among which the main contradiction plays a leading and decisive role in the development process of things. Organizing project construction must be good at grasping the main contradictions that play the most critical role in the project, have a bearing on success or failure, and directly affect the construction period and benefit, and make key breakthroughs to achieve the effect of taking one event and affecting the whole body. Different projects have different main contradictions and key problems, such as the pier in the water is the key to the bridge, the construction of the tunnel mouth, the shaft of the subway and so on. Some of our projects have been started for more than a year, and the piers in the dry land have all been raised, but the piers in the water have not moved; Or the subgrade fill is almost complete, but the structure has not moved, indicating that the project has not yet started.
The main contradiction of the project is different in different periods, so we must pay attention to the transformation of the main contradiction. If some projects come to power, the main contradiction is land acquisition, demolition or drawing rush, then we should concentrate on land acquisition or drawing rush; After the contradiction between land requisition and demolition and the contradiction between drawings are resolved, the main contradiction will be transformed into the main project construction. For example, in tunnel construction, the main contradiction at the beginning is smooth entry, and after entry, the main contradiction is excavation. The main contradiction of excavation is smooth blasting and slag discharge, and then the main contradiction is transformed into secondary lining. It is a very important principle to adjust the focus of work in time with the transformation of major contradictions.
The construction management is orderly and the safety and quality are controllable.
The so-called order is: the project is competent for a long time; The construction scheme is scientific and reasonable; Matching and application of production factors: the responsibility system, especially the end responsibility system, is put in place; Form a trend of key breakthroughs and closed-loop optimization.
The so-called controlled, including schedule control, quality control, safety control, cost control, implementation control: the daily average schedule is required to ensure the monthly schedule, and the monthly average schedule exceeds the annual plan requirements; The structure is safe, the raw materials are qualified, the mold is reliable, the technology is advanced, the operation is skilled, the supervision is in place, and the process quality is excellent; Strict control of accident-prone points, advanced means and reliable methods; The classification cost is lower than the total cost, the actual cost is lower than the budget cost, and the responsibility cost has room to tap the potential; The responsibility of the post is horizontal to the edge, vertical to the end, and everyone abides by the norms.
From the beginning of technology, the economy is over.
It is necessary to establish the soul position of technical management in project management, which determines the quality and progress of the project and the benefit of the project. Among them, there are two aspects. One is to optimize the design, strengthen the communication between the construction unit and the design unit, and all the engineering quantities should be included in the blueprint; The second is to establish the consciousness of "scheme determines cost", treat the pre-control of construction technical scheme seriously, implement the whole process of construction technical scheme demonstration with cost reduction as the main line, reduce investment and cost through optimization scheme, and avoid detours. These are the two most important ways to ensure the benefit of the project.
Guard against risks and resolve crises.
Crisis is a normal state of enterprises, especially safety and quality accidents are very destructive to enterprises, and often the scenery of enterprises is no longer a blink of an eye. Therefore, we must enhance our sense of crisis, always be cautious, and establish a mechanism for risk prevention and crisis management to ensure that no major problems occur.
First of all, we should know a little about the situation on the project to prevent problems before they happen. If the project fails to complete the plan for several months in a row, it means that the risk of the construction period is imminent and may lead to a credibility crisis; Another example is the shortage of project funds and the exhaustion of cash flow, which is likely to lurk a crisis of huge losses; If there are minor problems in safety and quality, it means that there are loopholes in management, which may easily lead to serious safety and quality accidents, and so on. We should take these clues seriously, pay attention to the problems, hold on to them, thoroughly investigate the causes and take decisive measures to nip hidden dangers in the bud.
The second is to resolutely not make similar mistakes. We should really learn lessons from the painful experiences of ourselves and others, analyze the reasons, and take targeted and fundamental measures to eliminate the weak links and prevent the tragedy from repeating itself.
The third is to learn how to deal with the crisis. In the event of a safety and quality accident, you should be calm and calm, immediately organize relevant experts to analyze the situation, grasp the truth of the accident, find the true direction of the crisis, and formulate the correct disposal plan; Assemble elites, strive for emergency rescue, and prevent mistakes in busy work. Generally speaking, in the event of a major accident, similar construction will be temporarily stopped to prevent a double blow; Strengthen communication with all walks of life, prevent media hype, and minimize the impact of the situation as much as possible.
The fourth is to be very cautious about safety and quality. There should be a comprehensive plan to deal with bad geology and aerial work for accident-prone points and processes to ensure that there is no problem; The selection of teams should be very cautious, and teams with high integrity and similar engineering construction experience should be used. Don't ignore small projects when grasping big projects, and don't ignore general problems when grasping key issues. We should always treat both the symptoms and root causes, and pay attention to solving problems fundamentally.