How did the development of sewing machines fail to win the support of enterprises in the United States? Hao Zai 1847 took his wife and children to England by boat.
Two years later, the Hao family is more shy and the prospects are even dimmer. They returned to America by boat. In order to avoid the ticket, Hao became a chef on the voyage. When he returned to new york, he was surprised to find that many shops were selling sewing machines very similar to the machines he made, and the price was only about 65,438+000 dollars.
Howe sued various manufacturers, especially isaac singer, another mechanic in Boston. Singh's design is better than Howe's. His machine is equipped with a straight needle that can move up and down (bending needle that moves horizontally is used) and an adjustable presser foot that can fix cloth, so that the machine can sew straight lines or curves continuously for a long time. A pedal is also installed under the machine (Howe's machine only has manual wheels).
However, the sewing stitches used by Singer's machine are special stitches for Hao to gain exclusive benefits. Singh, an ambitious businessman who likes to show off in the street, has no interest in winning the title of "inventor of sewing machine" He refused to reach an out-of-court settlement with Hao.
He has to support his wife and two children, in addition to a mistress and six other children. He told his lawyer, "I'm not interested in this invention.
I want a penny. Howe's lawsuit didn't come to a conclusion, and suddenly another American inventor appeared. He designed a sewing machine before Howe 1 1.
Creative Walter Hunt is a genius inventor. His inventions are various, including the safety pin that he designed in only three hours (in order to pay off the debt of 15, he sold the patent right of this invention to others for 400 dollars). Hunter has never applied for a patent for the sewing machine he designed, nor has he shown it to outsiders. He is worried that this invention will crush the tailor industry.
When Howe and Singer got into a legal dispute at 1853, Hunter's machine had become a pile of rusty scrap iron. The presiding judge of this lawsuit ruled that others have the right to share the "small money" he sought with Singh. "Others" does not include Walter Hunt, but Elias Howe is definitely qualified.
Every time a machine is sold, Howe gets a royalty. 1867 Howe was only 48 years old when he died, but before his death, the once penniless mechanic could get more than 4,000 dollars in royalties every week.
To his regret, his staunchest supporter, his wife, who never doubted the commercial potential of sewing machines, died before the invention became profitable.
How is the development of household sewing machines? China's first contact with sewing machines dates back to Huang Daopo in the Song Dynasty. Huang Daopo brought the advanced knitting technology he learned to the Song Dynasty, and simple knitting cars appeared in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, the knitting car was the prototype of the sewing machine.
In modern times, after the industrial revolution in the middle of18th century, the large-scale production of textile industry promoted the invention and development of sewing machines. 1790, American carpenter Thomas? Setfa first invented the world's first single-thread chain stitch sewing machine, which punched holes first, then threaded them to sew leather shoes.
184 1 year, French tailor b? Thimonier invented and manufactured the chain stitch sewing machine with hook. 185 1 year, American mechanic i.
M. Shengjia invented the needle-locking sewing machine and established Shengjia Company.
Sewing machines in this period are basically manual. Sewing machine is a machine that uses one or more sewing threads to form one or more stitches on sewing materials, so that one or more layers of sewing materials are staggered or stitched together.
The sewing machine can sew cotton, linen, silk, wool, man-made fiber and other fabrics and leather, plastic, paper and other products. The sewing stitch is uniform, beautiful, flat and firm, with fast sewing speed and simple use. At present, sewing machines are roughly divided into industrial sewing machines and household sewing machines. Here we mainly talk about household sewing machines. Ordinary families rarely use industrial sewing machines.
How long has the sewing machine developed? /kloc-after the industrial revolution in the middle of the 0/8th century, the large-scale production of textile industry promoted the invention and development of sewing machines.
1755 Germans registered sewing machine patents in Britain, but there was no textual research. 1790, British carpenter ThomasSaint first invented the world's first single-thread chain stitch manual sewing machine for sewing leather shoes. 184 1 year, a chain stitch sewing machine with a hook was invented and manufactured by French tailor B. Thimonier.
1845, Elias Howe (also translated as Elias Howe) independently invented the sewing machine. In elias howe and elias howe, 185 1, American mechanic I.M. Katsuya (also translated as Ithaca Mei Lite Singh) invented the lock stitch sewing machine and established Katsuya. Sewing machines in this period are basically manual.
How is the invention of sewing machine described in history? A sewing machine is a machine that interweaves or sews one or more layers of sewing materials with one or more sewing threads.
The invention of sewing machine greatly lightened the burden of women's housework, and also had an important influence on the clothing styles after the 1960s. Because of it, the production of clothing becomes easier and more elaborate.
1790, St. Thomas of England invented a single-thread chain hand sewing machine for sewing boots and shoes. The body of this sewing machine is made of wood, and some parts are made of metal. This is the first sewing machine in the world.
184 1 year, French b? Timoni has designed and manufactured a practical double-thread chain stitch sewing machine. Elias 1846? Hao obtained the patent of curve sewing machine.
185 1 year, American mechanical worker Isaac? Shengjia independently designs and manufactures sewing machines with a sewing speed of 600 stitches per minute. Since then, sewing machines have been widely used in production, and gradually added buttons, buttonholes, reinforcement, embroidery and other functions.
The application of professional industrial sewing machines is more and more extensive, and the sewing speed is faster and faster. Flat sewing machine is an industrial sewing machine, which uses two kinds of stitches, needle and shuttle, to form lock stitch. It can sew two or more layers of sewing materials or sew decorative stitches on sewing materials.
It is the most basic kind of industrial sewing machine, and its double-thread lock stitch is the strongest one among all kinds of stitches, so it is widely used. The sewing machine consists of a machine head, a platen and a frame.
The 400 watt clutch motor is installed at the bottom of the bed board, and its driving wheel is connected with the upper wheel of the machine head through a V-belt. You can get different sewing speeds by stepping on the pedal of the machine and controlling the tightness of the clutch. 1975, Americans invented the Acina 2000 multifunctional sewing machine controlled by microcomputer.
1992, Japan's join-cheer company launched a new type of household computer sewing machine. This sewing machine can automatically adjust the transmission amount of thread according to the thickness of cloth, and the open thread can lead the dark thread to the opposite side.
In addition, there is a sewing machine system that can automatically set sewing conditions according to the fabric texture, which changes the previous working mode of sewing by the operator's own feeling and avoids sewing failure caused by setting errors.
The development history of industrial sewing machines is 10 years. The sewing machine industry in China has risen rapidly after arduous development, and has established its position as a big sewing machine country in the world, and is moving from a big sewing machine manufacturing country to a powerful one.
From the late 1990s to 2007, the sewing machinery industry in China has been in a high-speed growth stage, and the output of domestic sewing machinery products reached an unprecedented "peak" in 2007. In 2002, a document released by China Sewing Machinery Association at China International Sewing Equipment Exhibition (CISMA) showed an important message-China became the largest sewing equipment producer and consumer in the world.
According to the statistics of China Sewing Association Information Center in that year, there were nearly 500 sewing equipment and parts manufacturers above designated size in China, with an annual output of 8 million sewing equipment and an annual export income of more than 400 million US dollars. 10 years, the scale of sewing machinery industry in China has been expanding.
According to statistics, the annual output of sewing machines in China accounted for 765,438+0% of the total output of sewing machines in the world at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. By the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, this proportion has risen to 80%. The proportion of annual output value has also increased from 45% at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan to 59% at present. Industries continue to gather in Chinese mainland, which promotes the development, transformation and upgrading of the next industry and the promotion of its international status. Sewing machinery industry, as clothing, luggage and other industries, is also closely related to improving people's living standards and realizing a well-off society.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the development of the industry experienced waves and maintained a rapid development momentum in the first two years. However, since 2008, due to the outbreak of the international financial crisis and the adjustment of the industry's own development cycle, the economic indicators such as production and sales of the whole industry have shown a rapid downward trend for two consecutive years, falling into a trough in 10 years. However, through active response and adjustment, the technological innovation ability and anti-risk ability of industrial enterprises have been enhanced to varying degrees. Especially with the gradual recovery of China's economy since the second half of 2009, the sewing machinery industry in China gradually got rid of the downturn from the fourth quarter of that year, showing a strong and sustained recovery trend, and the production and sales scale rebounded rapidly.
Especially in 20 10, the industry showed an all-round rapid growth, the annual output reached a record high, and the output approached the highest level in the industry history. At the same time, the pace of structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading has obviously accelerated, and the results have begun to show.
According to the import and export data, the total import and export trade volume of sewing machinery industry in China reached a record. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, the total import and export trade of sewing machine products and spare parts in China in 201/kloc-0 was 24 1 10,000 US dollars, an increase of 2 1.72% compared with 20 10. Among them, exports were 2 billion US dollars, up by 2421%; Imports were $4 1 billion, an increase of 4.19%; The trade surplus was $65,438+$59 million.
The export of the industry maintained a high level throughout the year, and the monthly export volume hit the highest record for three consecutive times. In July, the export volume reached 205 million US dollars. 20 1 1 year is the first year of the twelfth five-year plan. China Sewing Machinery Association designated it as the year to catch up with and surpass the industry quality, and issued the 12th Five-Year Development Plan of sewing machinery industry in China, pointing out that the overall development idea of "innovation-driven, transformation and upgrading, steady growth and quality first" should be adhered to, and the development strategy of strengthening the country should be implemented.
According to the 12th Five-Year Development Plan of China Sewing Machinery Industry, by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, there were about 830 sewing machinery manufacturers (including foreign-funded enterprises) in China sewing machinery industry, including 620 sewing machine manufacturers and non-sewing equipment manufacturers (note: mainly referring to other sewing functions, such as cloth inspection, cutting, cloth laying, ironing, bonding, needle inspection, hanging, etc. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the total output of the industry was 74.96 million units, with an output value of 654.38+093.5 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 9.26 billion yuan, a total export volume of 53.929 million units and an export value of 7 billion US dollars.
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the total industrial economy maintained growth, the quality of economic operation continued to improve, and the added value of export products increased rapidly, achieving an average annual economic growth rate of11.5%; Major breakthroughs have also been made in product structure adjustment. For example, the proportion of electromechanical integration sewing equipment increased from 2% at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan to 25.04%, the proportion of computer sewing machines in the total sewing machine output increased from 5% to over 36.5%, and the annual output of special industrial sewing machines increased from 3% to 9.5%. The enterprise structure has also been further optimized.
History of Brother Sewing Machine Development 1908 Yasui Kanji founded "Yasui Sewing Machine Chamber of Commerce";
1928, Zhao San sewing machine for sale, officially named as "Brother";
1932, the first home sewing machine was born and successfully mass-produced;
Japan Sewing Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (now Brother Industrial Co., Ltd.) was established in1934;
194 1, the Japanese domestic sales enterprise "Brother Sewing Machine Sales Co., Ltd." was established;
1945 began to produce the pressure plate of household sewing machine;
1947 began to export household sewing machines overseas;
1954 set up the export enterprise "Brother International Co., Ltd." and set up the sales and service headquarters in the United States;
1958 set up a sales and service headquarters in Europe and began to produce household sewing machines in Ireland;
1959, the combined processing machine of household sewing machine started to run;
1965 started to produce household sewing machines (Busan Seiki) in Korea;
1979 "taidi industry co., ltd" in Taiwan Province province, China started to produce household sewing machines;
1984 "Brother" is the official sponsor of the Los Angeles Olympic Games;
199 1 year won the first ISO9002 quality certification of "brother" group;
1993 sewing technology center "B-square" completed;
Zhuhai Brothers Industrial Co., Ltd., which started to produce household sewing machines in China,
And gradually set up product technical service centers in various places;
1997 "Brothers" signed a formal sponsorship agreement with the International Olympic Committee (IOC);
In 2000, Brother's global household sewing machine market achieved a cumulative production of 30 million sets;
200 1, Brother Machinery Equipment (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was established in China.
In 2005, it was exhibited at the 2005 Japan International Expo (Love the Earth Expo);
In 2005, Brother (China) Commercial Co., Ltd. was established to strengthen sales and service activities in China;
In 2007, the cumulative output of household sewing machines reached 40 million sets.
In 2008, Brother Group celebrated its100th anniversary and held various commemorative activities for this purpose.
The Historical Significance of Sewing Machines After the invention of sewing machines, Di morille set up a clothing factory with 80 sewing machines, which coincided with the French invasion of Algeria and the urgent need for a large number of military uniforms. Di morille has won a large number of orders by virtue of its rapid production.
In the face of unemployment, a large number of handmade tailors feel an inexplicable sense of crisis and lose their senses. They rushed into the clothing factory of "Di morille" and wantonly destroyed all sewing equipment, making it impossible for Di morille to close down and stop production. 1844 when the American "Shengjia sewing machine" came out, the world only regarded it as a decorative ornament; Shengjia Company, which is familiar with commercial operation, put forward a monthly "installment payment" business model to attract customers, which has made great achievements.
Later, Shengjia Company set up branches in Canada, France, Germany, Britain and other countries. By 1877, there were as many as 160 shops selling Shengjia brand sewing machines in Britain alone. In this regard, the clothing industry in western countries has expanded rapidly, but the livelihood of hand-made tailors is on the verge of bankruptcy.
From the history of sewing machines, we can also observe the process of modernization in Europe. From serving the army to becoming a commodity that ordinary people can consume, the society of ordinary people is also brought into the modern management system like the army, which regulates people.
Seek the changing course of computers and sewing machines. Sewing machine is an indispensable equipment in clothing industry. From the previous manual to the present automation, sewing machines have undergone many changes, which also reflects the development of the clothing industry. But what we are talking about today is not the clothing industry, but a summary of the development history of sewing machines.
1890, China imported the first sewing machine from the United States.
1905, Shanghai first started to manufacture spare parts for sewing machines and set up some small workshops to produce spare parts.
1928, Shanghai xiechang sewing machine factory produced the first 44- 13 industrial sewing machine. In the same year, Shanghai Mei Sheng Sewing Machine Factory also produced the first household sewing machine.
Before 1949, the output of sewing machines in old China was very low, with an annual output of less than 4,000 sets. At that time, the sewing equipment market was mainly monopolized by American Shengjia Company.
From 65438 to 0949, after the founding of New China, the sewing machinery industry was fully developed. The industry has gone through the stages of reorganization and transformation, public-private partnership, merger and cooperation and rational division of labor, and has formed a number of key enterprises, such as sewing machine manufacturers such as Shanghai Car Factory, Gong Hui, Ren Fei, Butterfly and Tianjin Sewing Machine Factory, and Guangzhou Huanan Sewing Machine Factory, which mainly produces ordinary household sewing machines and low-grade industrial sewing machines.
At the end of 1950s, the light industry implemented the generalization and standardization of household sewing machines, unified the design drawings, and improved the compatibility of parts, which led to the increasing number of sewing machine manufacturers, and developed sewing machines for special purposes such as sunflower fans, medical surgery, badminton, bicycle tires, curtain cloth splicing, etc. According to statistics.
Up to 1980, there are 56 sewing machine manufacturers in 22 provinces and cities. As of 1982, the output of sewing machines in China reached12.86 million, ranking first in the world.
In the mid-1980s, with the constant adjustment of the market and consumption structure, the product structure of sewing equipment developed to high speed and serialization on the basis of medium and low speed industrial sewing machines, and electronic and computer technologies were also widely used in sewing machines. At the same time, China has also completed the establishment of parts supporting system and built a huge sewing machine sales network. Some sewing machine enterprises digest and absorb advanced technology after introducing foreign advanced technology.
In the early 1990s, internationally renowned enterprises entered China and set up joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises in China.
In the late 1990s, private enterprises began to rise, and the great adjustment of industrial structure promoted the great development of the industry, forming six major producing areas and bases in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Tianjin and Guangzhou.