He said, "Well, we don't have as much escape experience as you." (Note 1)
Qin Shihuang stipulated that the emperor called himself me. Before Qin Shihuang, the son of heaven claimed to be "more than one person". As for being alone, that's what the captaincy said. (Note 2)
3. The monarch does not mean to be alone, but to be widowed. It's not good enough to be wary of his virtue. (Note 3)
4. When Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified China, there was actually one Wei State left, because there was only one city left in Wei State at that time, and Wei Jun was exiled to Shu Ren until Qin Ershi. So Wei became the longest-lasting vassal state, from115 BC to 209 BC, which lasted 907 years.
Although Tanabata and Yuanxiao are both known as the China version of Valentine's Day, what is really called Shangsi Festival is actually the China version of Valentine's Day. The date is the third day of March. Men and women meet for a trip and give each other peonies. (Note 4)
6. The heyday of the Western Han Dynasty was neither the rule of Wenjing nor the period of Liang Wudi, but the period of Xuan Di. Xuan Di reached the peak of the Western Han Dynasty in terms of economy, territory and international influence. Xuan Di established the capital of the western regions and Xinjiang was formally incorporated into the territory.
7. Monks can't eat meat and drink. At first, this was not required by Buddhist scriptures, but forbidden by Liang Wudi Xiaoyan, a Buddhist fanatic. Later it gradually became a Buddhist habit. (Note 5) It is said that it was recorded in the Shurangama Sutra hundreds of years after Liang Wudi banned alcohol and meat.
8. Although Wu Zetian is the only female emperor, she doesn't have to be "proclaimed emperor" to have the power of the emperor, but she has to "weigh the system", that is, issue orders in the name of the emperor, that is, actually hold the political power, only the female emperor is needed. In this way, there are at least a dozen women in the dynasty.
9. It is wrong to say that Sichuanese only eat spicy food in modern times. Sichuanese like spicy food for a long time. Although pepper was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty, it does not mean that there would be no spicy taste without pepper. Before chili, mustard, ginger, onion, garlic and dogwood provide a spicy taste. It is clearly recorded in the Records of Huayang Country written by Chang Qu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: (Sichuanese) its value is not yet, so it is still delicious; Germany is in Shao Hao, so it smells good. There are similar statements in other documents.
Hymns Some people wonder whether spicy and spicy are the same thing. There's nothing to worry about, but it's one thing. Guangya: Yan (spicy), Xinye. Sound category: it's getting hotter in the south of the Yangtze River and hotter in China. Popular Literature: Xin is very popular. Xinhua dictionary: spicy: pungent, like ginger and garlic;
10. In the Tang Dynasty, when you call your father, you should call him grandpa, grandfather or brother; When you call your brother, you should call him brother; When you call your grandpa, you should call him Weng. Besides, don't call him a big official, because adults also mean dad, and you can't bear to look him in the eye every time you see him.
1 1. Koguryo has little to do with Korea. Koguryo was founded by the Koguryo people. After its regime was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty, most Koguryo people were moved inland and disappeared into the sea of Wang Yang of the Han nationality. The rise of South Korea; Originated at the southern tip of the peninsula, it borrowed the name of Korea after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
12. In most dynasties, the titles of emperors were "Lord, Your Majesty, Sage, Emperor", while in Song Dynasty, they were generally called "butler". And except in TV series, the emperor claimed that I was rarely used in daily spoken English, and I was basically used.
13. There were official holidays in ancient times, the longest in the Song Dynasty, and the annual holidays amounted to hundreds of days. (Note 6)
14. Before the Song Dynasty, ministers needed to sit up, and only after the Song Dynasty did they begin to stand on the court.
15. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was born in the first 256 years, only three years younger than Qin Shihuang (born in the first 259 years).
16. Zhuge Liang died in the same year as Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (18 1) and in the same year (234).
17. The crescent knife, also known as the moon cover knife, was invented between the Tang and Song Dynasties, so Guan Yu certainly won't use it. There is no special description of Guan Yu's weapons in the official history, but it is recorded in Tao Hongjing's "Records of Knives and Guns in Nanliang Ancient and Modern Times", claiming that Guan Yu made two knives with Dushan iron and named them: Ten Thousand Enemies. (Note 7)
18. I don't know whether Liu Xiahui is true or not, but Chu Yuan in the Southern Song Dynasty is really powerful. Liu Chuyu, Princess of Yin Shan, often promiscuous. Chu Yuan, her aunt's husband in Nanjun County, was very handsome. He asked the emperor Liu to play with her. Liu was ordered to accompany the princess, so he was sent to the princess's house, and the princess tried to seduce him for ten years. The princess said, "Why bother?" Chu Yuan said, "I am an honest man. (Note 8)
19. The Chen Dynasty established by Chen Baxian is the only dynasty with the same country name and emperor's surname. Of course, this is a coincidence, because in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors were considered, and the fiefs were in Chen Guojun and Chen of posthumous title, so Emperor Liang Jingdi was named Chen Gong He, and after he abdicated, he became the Chen Dynasty.
20. Before the Tang Dynasty, the way people drank tea was called boiling tea. When cooking tea, add spices such as ginger and chopped green onion ... (Note 9)
2 1. Wine was introduced to China around the Western Han Dynasty. There is a drinking history of 2000 years in China, which is even longer than that of regular script characters. It can be said to be a traditional drink.
23. The longest reigning emperor was Kangxi (reigned for 6 1 year), which is not cold knowledge, but cold knowledge is that the shortest reigning emperor was the late Jin emperor Hong Yan Cheng Lin, who reigned for only half a day. Wan Yan, Emperor Aizong of Jin Dynasty, kept the virtual Enemy at the Gates. He didn't want to be the king of national subjugation, so he gave it to Cheng Lin, Wan Yan. After the ceremony was hastily held, Wan Yan Cheng Lin hastily organized guarding the city, but failed to recover the decline and the city was ruined.
24. The longest-lived emperor is Gan Long (89 years old), not cold knowledge, but cold knowledge is the shortest-lived emperor. Liu Long, the fifth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, died on the hundredth day of his accession to the throne at the age of one.
25. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, namely Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han, was the only one with this title among the many regimes in China.
26. October is the first month of the Qin Dynasty every year, and the Qin system was followed in the early Han Dynasty. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty switched to taichu calendar that January was the beginning of the year.
27. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to appear, the emperors before Liang Wudi directly used the chronology, such as the first year of Qin Ershi and the second year of Wendi, but what should the emperor do if he wanted to change the yuan? For example, when Wendi was sixteen, he decided to change the Yuan Dynasty, so we should start over from the first year, so we should call the first year of Wendi the year before Wendi, and the seventeen years should be called the year after Wendi, so as to remember. However, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty changed it twice, so there are three first years: the first year before Emperor Jing, the first year in Emperor Jing and the first year after Emperor Jing. So, we see that one year is the second year of Jingdi (BC 148).
28. The most frequently used country name in history is Han, ranking first in the Western Han Dynasty (Liu Bang), the Eastern Han Dynasty (Liu Xiu), (Liu Bei), (Liu Yuan), Cheng Han (Li Shou), Hou Han (Liu Zhiyuan), Southern Han (Gong Liu) and Northern Han (Liu Chong). If you count it again.
29. The title of Emperor Xi Yanfei is Changping, and that of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty is Baoding.
30. In his later years, Wendi hated poetry books, so he did what all people who hated learning dreamed of, and immediately ordered the cancellation of Chinese studies, leaving only one Chinese study with a quota of 70 people. It is so capricious. (Note 10)
3 1. We refer to the emperors in the Han and Wei Dynasties as so-and-so emperors, such as Liang Wudi and Wei Wendi, and refer to later emperors as ancestors, such as Emperor Taizong, Song Huizong and Ming Taizu. This difference is caused by Wu Zetian.
So-and-so emperor is posthumous title, which is used to draw a conclusion after death and evaluate the emperor's life. Generally, one or two words are used to address the emperor. Generally follow the obituary law and call him Wendi, Wudi and Zhaodi. However, after the death of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, Wu Zetian did not follow the routine, and posthumous title married her husband, who was called Emperor Huang. I can't play here, and I can't be called Emperor Tang of Li Zhi ... And since then, posthumous title's words have become more and more grandiose, reaching more than 20 words in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
As for Emperor Taizong before Wu Zetian, posthumous title himself was called Wendi, so he should have been destined to be called Wendi. As a result, after Wu Zhou, posthumous title became grandiose, gave a lot of posthumous title to Emperor Taizong, and became a great sage with both civil and military skills, Emperor Xiaoguang, so he could not be called Wendi.
As a unit of measurement, the word "stone" is dan4 in the dictionary and most people's pronunciation, but it should actually be pronounced shi2. Mr. Wang Li joked: "So people often say that the pronunciation of the least educated primary school students is the same as that of the highest-level researchers, while the pronunciation of ordinary literature and history lovers in between will be different." (Note 1 1)
33. The names of all kinds of ancient artifacts we saw in the museum today, such as sacrificial vessels such as Yi, Gui, Jue, Yi and Fu, were all determined by textual research in the Song Dynasty. After the emergence of modern archaeology, a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions bronzes and other cultural relics were unearthed, and it was found that the names written on them were exactly the same as those set in the Song Dynasty. (Note 12)
34. Temujin's name is translated into blacksmith, Taiding Emperor Sun Timur's name is translated into Jiutie, Tutumier's name is translated into Ge Tie (one flag is homophonic), Yuan Chengzong Timur's name is translated into iron, and Yuan Shundi Tuohuan Timur's name is translated into iron pot.
35. As mentioned above, posthumous title and the temple name only began after the death of the emperor, and they were used to describe the emperor. However, when Cao Duan, the son of Cao Pi, was still alive, he gave himself the name of posthumous title Ming Chengzu, and gave him the name of Meng Zu. Didn't I curse myself when I went there? Sure enough, I suddenly fell ill and died only one year later, at the age of 36. (Note 13)
36. The Xia Dynasty in Ningxia originated from the Xia Dynasty in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, not because the Xia Dynasty was in Ningxia, but because the Xiongnu Helian Bobo established political power in the northwest during the Five Rebellions, because Historical Records and Biography of Xiongnu recorded that "Xiongnu is also a descendant of its ancestor Xia Houshi." So Helian Bobo claimed to be a descendant of Xia Dynasty and called the country Daxia. From then on, this place was called Xia. After a series of complicated administrative name changes in later generations, Ningxia today was formed. (Note 14)
37. If Sima Guang hadn't talked nonsense, Song Wudi in the Southern Dynasties might have the highest personal force value among all emperors. An encounter between Emperor Wu of Song and Sun En in Zi Tongzhi Jian wrote: Emperor Wu of Song spy on the enemy with a dozen attendants, and was found by the enemy, besieged by thousands of people, struggling to resist, and all the attendants died. Lord Liu saw that Emperor Wu of Song had not returned for a long time, so he took people to look for it. As a result, on the battlefield, he saw an amazing scene: thousands of people in front were running for their lives, and Emperor Wu of Song was chasing after them alone. Liu: What's the situation? (Note 15)
38. Constellations were introduced to China in the Sui Dynasty and were used for fortune-telling in the Song Dynasty at the latest. It has a history of thousands of years, which is a little longer than the birthday zipper we know. (Note 16)
39. During the period of Wu Zetian, the father of the cruel official Lai Junchen was called Lai Cao ... (Note 17).
38. Constellations were introduced to China in the Sui Dynasty and were used for fortune-telling in the Song Dynasty at the latest. They are also thousands of years old, a little longer than the birthdays we know. (Note 16)
39. During the period of Wu Zetian, the father of the cruel official Lai Junchen was called Lai Cao ... (Note 17).
40. The famous "Xuanwumen Change" happened four times in the Tang Dynasty. For the first time, Li Shimin won the position in Wude for nine years; In the second year of Shenlong, Zhang Jianzhi and Cui seized Xuanwu Gate and forced Wu Zetian to retreat. The third time, in the first year of Jinglong, Prince Li Zhongjun killed Wu Sansi and besieged Xuanwu Gate. The fourth time, he attacked Xuanwu Gate and killed Wei with Princess Taiping for four years. So that Chen Yinque came to the conclusion that the success or failure of the central political revolution in the Tang Dynasty depended on the hand of the North Gate Guard. (Note 18)
4 1. The three protagonists in the story "Lux takes off his boots": Tang Xuanzong, Gao Lishi and Li Bai, all died in 762 AD.
42. Theoretically, there was no custom of sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day in the past. What Tomb-Sweeping Day wants to do is to hike, and the Cold Food Festival will sweep the grave. However, due to the close distance between the two festivals, customs have gradually merged since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. (Note 19)
43. The Liao Lord Yeludeguang went south, the weather was hot, and he died. In order to preserve the body and prevent corruption, the Khitans brought Yeludeguang back with salt, which was called the emperor's meat by the people in the late Jin Dynasty ... (Note 20)
44. The Ming Dynasty recorded the most earthquakes, with 1 159, far exceeding the 690 recorded in the second Qing Dynasty. Among them, Shaanxi province is the province with the largest number of earthquakes, reaching 302 times. (Note 2 1)
Among them, the famous 1556 Guanzhong earthquake, with Huaxian as the epicenter, razed more than 2,700 square kilometers of densely populated areas, causing 830,000 deaths, setting a world record for the number of earthquake deaths, more than three times that of the second Tangshan earthquake. (Note 22)
45. Tang Bohu was involved in the imperial examination fraud case and never took the imperial examination. In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), Wang Shouren ranked seventh in the examination. By the way, the champion of this imperial examination is Lun Xuwen, who once wrote a famous couplet: "The dragon doesn't scream in the painting, and the tiger doesn't scream, so it's ridiculous to see the boy;" In the chessboard, the car has no wheels and the horse has no wheels. Say general, be careful. " Stephen Chow put it on Tang Bohu. Cantonese people may be familiar with him, leaving many legends.
46. Cao has a bad relationship with RoyceWong, the seventh son of Jian 'an. After RoyceWong's death, Cao Pi was very sad and organized everyone to pay tribute, saying: RoyceWong liked to listen to donkeys before his death. Let's bark for him. So there were donkeys barking at the funeral. (Note 23)
47. Zuo Si, who is expensive in Luoyang Paper, once staged a male version of Dong Shi. Pan Yue (Pan An) is very handsome. When he was young, when he was traveling, all the women in the street saw him. They all looked around him and threw fruit at his car. Zuo Si listened and traveled like Pan An, but all the women in the street spat at him, so Zuo Si had to go home dejectedly. (Note 24)
48. A.D. 386 was the year with the largest number of emperors in China. This year, eight regimes, including the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the Later Qin Dynasty, the Later Yan Dynasty, the Western Qin Dynasty, Hou Liang and the Northern Wei Dynasty, contributed 13 emperors, of which only Xiyan contributed 5.
49. The dynasty that chased the emperor the most was the Northern Wei Dynasty, after the establishment of the general dynasty; Symbolically, three or five ancestors were named emperors, but the Northern Wei Dynasty sealed 32 in one breath, dating back to about a thousand years, so that the commonly used word posthumous title was basically used up, and serious emperors could only use two characters, such as Wu Tai in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
50. There were 10 emperors in the Northern Wei Dynasty (with temple numbers and year numbers). Their average age of accession to the throne is only 13.7 years, and their average life expectancy is 29.9 years. No one lived to be 40 years old except Emperor Tuoba Tao.
5 1. Once there was a drought, Levin, Wen Xuandi went to the Leopard Temple (remember when Hebo got married) to beg for rain, but it was useless. Levin tore down the Ximen Bao Temple and dug up Ximen Bao's tomb. (Note 25)
52. Kaiyuan Bao Tong was not cast in Kaiyuan, but in Wude, Tang Gaozu, which was nearly a hundred years earlier than Kaiyuan, to replace the five baht. (Note 26)
53. The person who holds the longest official title is Bo Yan, who was a powerful minister in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. At the time of the greatest power, his official titles were: Yuan De's assistant Guangzhong Xuanyi, Zheng Jie Zhenwu Zuoyun's hero, Taishi, Kaifu Yitong's Third Division, Dacihan, Zhongshu Zuoren's Prime Minister, Shangshuguo, recording military affairs, supervising the revision of national history, and serving as an official of Huizhou Political College, all of which were household names; Khufu's mighty Asuwei pro-army was in command; Zhong Yi's bodyguards and pro-army are in command. Xuanzong Wolong Tree Guards and the pro-army all commanded their emissaries, namely Huachi, Tihu, Huihan Division, Qunmu Supervision Division, Guanghui Division, Neishi Prefecture, Zuo Duwei and Qincha Pro-army all commanded their emissaries, and Gongxiang all led Taixi Hospital, and also commanded their emissaries, Huachi, Tihu Zongren, Mongolian Guards and pro-army. (Note: 27)
54. Although the Yuan Dynasty ruled for more than 90 years, the number of floods was as high as 1870, the highest in all previous dynasties, and finally it died directly in the great uprising triggered by floods. In contrast, there were 628 times of 3 19 in Song Dynasty, 276 times of 1034 times in Ming Dynasty and 268 times of 158 1 times in Qing Dynasty. This has a lot to do with the nomadic government's insufficient attention to water conservancy in Yuan Dynasty. (Note 28)
55. At present, the earliest optical shop is called Yimeizhai refined crystal optical shop, which is located next to the tomb of five people in Suzhou Street in the late Ming Dynasty.
Precautions:
Note 1: From "Twelve Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan": The Jin people or the Guangdui couldn't get in, and the Chu people left the base, but they made little progress, so the horse returned and the base was pulled out. Gu said, "My speed is not as fast as that of a big country. 」
Note 2: Zuo Zhuan ● Thirty-two Years of Zhao Gong: I forget it every day. Min Min is like a farmer looking forward to his old age, afraid to bide his time.
Note 3: Zhu: I am a widow, and the vassal claimed to be a person with no virtue.
Note 4: The Book of Songs: Wei Shi and his daughter played tricks on each other and gave them a spoonful of medicine.
Note 5: See Liang Wudi's Broken Wine and Meat.
Note 6: See Song Hui. Official 60, Songshi ● Volume 163 Official 3, Wild Guest Series Volume 16, etc.
Note 7: Tao Hongjing's Records of Ancient and Modern Knives and Shadows: Guan Yu, who was valued by his former master, took Dushan Iron as his second sword at the cost of his life, calling him an enemy of ten thousand people. And feather defeated, feather cherish knife, thrown into the water.
Note 8: "Southern History Returns to Chu Yan": The emperor summoned Yan Hui to the West Pavilion 10, and the princess went out at night to prepare for persecution. Yan belongs to him, standing from dusk to dawn, not for a change of heart. The princess said, "You must be as tall as the halberd. Why not have a husband? " Yan Hui said, "Although Hui is not sensitive, how dare you mess up first?" "Song Shu. "The Seventh Age": Chu Yuan, the official minister, was regarded as beautiful, and the emperor invited him to do his own thing and allowed him to do it. Yuan served the victim for ten days, was persecuted, and vowed not to return it, so he was spared.
Note 9: Lu Yu's Tea Classic is made of onion, ginger, jujube, orange peel, dogwood and mint. , or boiled to make it smooth, or boiled to remove foam, water ear abandoned in the ditch, so the customs are endless.
Note: 10: Sui Shu Gaozu Xia Ji: (Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) was dissatisfied with his poetry books and abandoned his studies.
Note 1 1: See Wang Li's Ancient Chinese.
Note 12: See also Wang Li's Ancient Chinese.
Note 13: See The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei and Ming Di.
Note 14: The Book of Jin. Volume 130]: (Helian Bobo) In the third year, Iraq arrogated to itself the Great King Khan, pardoned his territory, established the Yuan Dynasty, called Longsheng, and set up hundreds of officials. Because Xia Houshi is descended from Huns, this country is called Daxia.
Note 15: Zi Tong Zhi Jian. Thirty-three Jin ":Meet a thousand thieves, meet them, all the generals will die, and the rest will land on the shore." When the thief was ready to go ashore, Yu Fen killed several people with a long knife, but he still shouted after going ashore. The thieves have all gone, and I killed many people. Liu blamed him for not coming back for a long time, so he led the troops to find him. He sighed when he saw Yu leading thousands of people alone. Because of attacking thieves, breaking them, more than a thousand people were captured.
Note: 16: It was first seen in the translation of The Sui Dynasty's Generous Treatment of Japan by Naliantianye Society.
Note 17: New Tang Book. Biography of Lai Junchen: Lai Junchen, the father of Jingzhao for thousands of years, is a scholar.
Note 18: For comments, see Chen Yinque's Political History of Tang Dynasty.
Note: 19: Old Tang books. Xuanzongji: Cold Food Festival, grave sweeping, no sacrifice. But in modern times, the two go hand in hand and become a long-term custom. Every cold food festival, there is no sacrifice. Du You's "General Code": Cold food is buried, and there is no ceremony. According to modern legend, immersion has become a custom.
Note 20: History of the Old Five Dynasties. Biographies of the Khitan: The Khitan people broke their bodies, except their intestines and stomach, and carried salt to the north. Han people take the emperor as a target.
Note 2 1: General History of Disasters in China by Yuan Zuliang. Ming dynasty volume.
Note 22: Ming History: The river and Weihe River flooded, Hua Yue and Zhong Nanshan sang in harmony, and the river was clear for several days. It is strange that officials, soldiers and civilians killed 830,000.
Note 23: "Mourning the New Tales of the World": The king sings a good donkey. When he was buried, Emperor Wen mourned, and Gu Yu said, "Wang Hao is a donkey, so you can mourn him." All the guests are donkeys.
Note 24: Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi Pan Yuemiao is handsome and good-looking. When I was young, I jumped out on Luoyang Road. When women meet, they are entangled with each other. Zuo Taichong was absolutely ugly and returned to Yueyou, so the group spurned him and returned.
Note 25: "Zi Tongzhi Jian": Zhu Qi prayed for rain in the Ximen Bao Temple in drought, so he could not destroy it and dig its grave.
Note 26: Records of Eating Goods in the Old Tang Dynasty: In July of the fourth year of Wude, five baht money was abolished and Kaiyuan Baotong money was used instead. Kaiyuan money is a book for writing lyrics.
Note 27: The record of dropping out of farming in Taonan Village. The second volume.
Note 28: General History of Disasters in China by Yuan Zuliang. Yuan dynasty volume.