Qi Tianle · Mid-Autumn Stay at Zhendingyi
Shi Dazu [Song Dynasty]
The west wind comes to persuade the cool clouds to go, and the east of the sky lets go of the golden mirror. The frost in the field shines, the osmanthus wets into the river, and the curling stones reflect each other. The road is always narrow. The autumn light is even more divided and turned into a sad mirror. There is a visitor who hesitates, and a solitary shadow hangs in the empty ancient courtyard.
Friends from the south of the Yangtze River are still in Xu, but they can also pity the sky. Who will receive the poems and thoughts? The dream cuts off the head of the knife, and the book opens on the tail. There is no other feeling of lovesickness. Worrying. The broken branches of magpies in the wind reveal the deserted wells of cicadas. Thinking about Chang'e, the palace is cold in the autumn.
Translation:
The west wind blows, as if persuading the clouds to let go, and the clouds gradually recede. Looking to the east, the golden mirror-like moon will rise slowly in the clear and cloudless sky. The moonlight is like frost, illuminating the surrounding areas. The laurel trees on the moon are reflected in the river. The water moon and the bright moon complement each other, adding a bit of elegance. It was late at night, and I found myself wandering alone in the dry courtyard of the ancient posthouse, unable to sleep alone. Friends in their hometown, looking at the bright moon in the sky in the distance, may also think of themselves outside. Now it is my dream to return to my hometown, and I can send my thoughts back to my hometown through letters. With heavy thoughts and worries, the black magpie clings to the broken branches in the wind, and the crickets in the autumn dew scream sadly in the deserted well. Drinking alone under the moon, the moon palace in the ninth heaven is desolate.
Comments:
Qi Tianle: the name of the word brand. Also known as "Taicheng Road", "Five Blessings Falling to the Heaven", and "Such a Country". "Halal Collection", "Baishi Taoist Songs" and "Mengchuang Ci Collection" were merged into the "Main Palace" (i.e. "Huangzhong Palace"). This word has one hundred gold characters, and the front and back parts each have five oblique rhymes. The first character in the seventh sentence of the first part and the eighth sentence of the second part is the leading case, for example, it uses the falling tone. Zhending: Zhengding, Hebei Province today. Liangyun: Qiuyun. Xie Tiao's "Qixi Festival Ode": "The red light has faded, and the cool clouds have begun to float." Tiandong: the eastern sky. Li He's "The River is Cool at Night": "The jade smoke is green and wet and white like a building, and the silver bay turns to the east at dawn." Golden mirror: the moon. Frost: Moonlight spreads over the earth, as white as a layer of frost. Guishi: The moon enters the water. It is said that there is a laurel tree in the middle of the moon, so it goes like this. Curling: the bright moonlight. Divided: Refers to the division of territory between the north and the south between the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. The mountains and rivers were broken, and each of them still received half of the autumn glory. Sad mirror: Li Bai's poem "About to Enter the Wine": "Don't you see the bright mirror in the high hall with sad white hair, like green silk in the morning and snow in the evening." This refers to the saying that the years are easy to grow old. Ke: Guest, refers to oneself. Xu: Where? Knife head: Knife ring, which means returning home after the war. 迿(chài) tail: woman's curly hair; this refers to the sharpness of calligraphy. Ding: The auxiliary word is like "le" or "zhu". 蛯 (qióng): cricket. To consider (zhēn zhuó): to pour wine into a cup for drinking. Jiuqiu: late autumn in September.
Appreciation:
This word begins with "Mid-Autumn Festival". The first two sentences are the best: "The west wind comes to persuade the cool clouds to go, and the east of the sky lets go of the golden mirror." Among them, there are four images: west wind, cool clouds, east sky and golden mirror, which together form a wonderful picture of "Mid-Autumn Night". The mystery lies especially in the use of the two verbs "come to persuade" and "let go", which transform this static "image" into a dynamic "movie lens". It turned out that the weather was not very clear at night. At this time, a gust of breeze blows and disperses the remaining cool clouds - the author uses the word "to persuade" here, which gives the action of the wind blowing the remaining cool clouds a "human touch": It is a festive season, so Let people all over the world, whether reunited or not, be able to see the Mid-Autumn Moon that is as bright as a golden mirror this year. Sure enough, it had eyes, and it finally agreed to "let it go," and a bright golden full moon immediately rose on the eastern horizon. Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene, but also contain one's own feelings, laying the groundwork for the continued description of the scene and emotion below. "The frost in the field shines, the osmanthus wets the river, and the curling kettle reflects each other." The three sentences follow the above and describe the moonlight shining on the earth, the pale night, as well as the moon shadow in the river and the full moon in the sky. The shining clear scenery reveals my homesickness and sadness. Li Bai's poem says: "There is bright moonlight in front of the bed, and I suspect it is frost on the ground. I look up at the bright moon and lower my head to think about my hometown" ("Quiet Night Thoughts"). Su Shi's poem goes: "The bright moon is like frost" ("Yong Yu Le"), historical poems The "Zhao Ye Shuang Ning" evolved from this and reflected his own homesickness. The sentence "Shufangluyong" seems to come out of nowhere, but it actually comes from the title "Zhendingyi". Starting from Lin'an, crossing the Huaihe River, and entering the Golden Realm, we are in a different country, so it is called "Shufang"; when we arrive at Zhending, we have traveled a long distance, but there is still a long way to go before we reach our destination, Yanjing. Therefore, it is said that "the road is forever". This four-character rhyming sentence has a self-contained meaning, which serves as a turning point and opens up the following: the above describes the moonlight of the Mid-Autumn Festival, and now it turns to lyricism. Reading the four words "Shu Fang Lu Yong" already makes me feel deeply sad, and what's more embarrassing is that this night is the Mid-Autumn Festival! Therefore, the two sad emotions of "alone as a stranger in a foreign land" and "missing my loved ones even more during the festive season" were intertwined, and finally condensed into the following two sentences: "The autumn light is more divided, and it becomes a sad scene." The Mid-Autumn Festival is in the autumn, so it is called "fenpo autumn light", and the literal meaning of "fenpo" clearly means separation. Therefore, in my hometown that has become a "special place", seeing the moonlight of the Mid-Autumn Festival will not bring any joy. I mean, it's just "a miserable state"! The next two sentences follow this meaning and combine themselves with "Zhendingyi" and "Mid-Autumn Festival": "There are guests who hesitate, and a solitary shadow hangs in the empty ancient courtyard." The word "shadow" of the moon can be seen.
The sad and lonely atmosphere of the ancient courtyard of the inn, and the desolate tones of the cold moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival, make the image of the author who is sleepless and wandering in the middle of the night even more lonely and melancholy, and also makes his mood here and now even more desolate and sad. Wang Guowei's "Human Words" emphasizes that the words should describe "real scenery" and "true feelings", which is called "realm". This feeling and scene give this word a "realm" of true and deep feelings, and also give it a strong artistic effect of "coming from worry".
However, in the poem above, the poet only talks about his "sadness" and does not explain specifically what his "sadness" is, although the four characters "Shufang Luyong" have vaguely revealed his "sadness". Homesickness and guest sorrow. The reader only knows that the poet hesitates, the poet wanders, and the poet stands side by side under the moon, but the mystery of his inner world has not yet been directly explored. This task was gradually completed in the next row. It is divided into two layers: one layer expresses his longing for his close friends in the south of the Yangtze River, which is stated explicitly; the other layer expresses his sorrow for the subjugation of his homeland in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is "hidden". Let’s look at the first level first: “My friends from the south of the Yangtze River are still here, and I can pity the sky. Who can take the poem?” "Being friends with the old", there is a natural beauty in changing heads. "Zai Xu" means where he is, and he is not around.
"You can also pity the sky" means: when they face the full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival, they will definitely miss me who is far away in the "sky". "Who receives the poems and thoughts" goes a step further, meaning: Although they sympathize with their old friends from a distance, because they are in their hometown, they lack personal experience and understanding of my nostalgia for them in a foreign land, so they have to do it themselves. Sighing "Who will receive the poetic thoughts" (the guest's sorrow turned into "poetic thoughts"). From this helpless rhetorical question to himself, the reader deeply feels that the poet's melancholy at this moment is something that no one else can understand or accept on his behalf. The depth of his feelings can be seen here. Following the line "The dream cuts off the knife, the book opens at the end, there is no longing for you", and he continued to write about his sweet dreams and writing letters to express his love, so as to continue to express his lovesickness. Here, he uses two allusions: "knife head" and "horse tail", and his main intention is to focus on the former allusion. "The Book of Han" intended to secretly persuade Li Ling to return to the Han Dynasty. When he saw Li Hou, he touched his sword ring many times while talking. Huan and Huan have the same pronunciation, suggesting that Li return to Han. There is also a ring around the head of the knife, so later generations used "the head of the knife" as a code word for "return". Wu Jing of the Tang Dynasty said in "An Explanation of Ancient Yuefu Questions" that the sentence "What should be the head of a big knife" in "Ancient Quatrains" says: "There is a ring on the head of the knife, so you can ask your husband when it should be returned." This is what it means. It is said here that "the dream is cut off at the end of the knife", which means that the good dream of homesickness is hard to come true, and it is temporarily impossible to return home, so it is time to write a book ("the book opens at the end"), "do not have lovesickness at all times", let your lovesickness Let's convey our feelings to our friends along with the book. Above is the first level. The second level further expands the feeling of homesickness. First, click on the four words "worried". Why is this so worrying? The author seems inconvenient to state clearly. The following is followed by the scene language: "The broken branches of the magpie are facing the wind, and the desolate well is exposed with cicadas." These two sentences are not only realistic about what is seen and heard in Zhendingyi, but also implicitly melt the poetic flavor of the predecessors. With the words stored in these words, The accumulated "historical accumulation" is used to mobilize readers' associations with "the fall of the country". Cao Cao's poem goes: "The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south. I circle the tree three times, where can I rely on?" ("Dan Ge Xing") The "wind magpie residual branch" in the historical poem basically comes from this, but it is also used in Adding "wind" to the magpie and "broken" to the branches add a desolate and broken emotional element to the originally sad artistic conception. As for the image of "a deserted well with dew cuckoos", readers can see it more commonly in the poems of previous generations that convey a sense of home and country. For example, Jiang Kui, who was slightly earlier than Shi Dazu, had a famous poem "Qitian Le" that eulogized crickets (crickets are another name for crickets). "The copper shop was wet with dew, and the moss invaded the stone well. They are all places where I listened to Yi", that is Similar to the image of historical poetry. Therefore, after reading the eight characters "the broken branches of magpies in the wind, the dew of cicadas in the deserted well", readers will quickly come up with endless associations of Jiang's poem "Waiting in the pavilion to welcome the autumn, leaving the palace to hang in the moonlight, and there are countless sorrows". The author's ability to use "scenery language" to express emotions can be seen here, and the author's secret sadness about the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty is also hidden here. However, the author's poem is about staying at Zhendingyi during the Mid-Autumn Festival, so after describing the desolate scene in the inn, he should return to the "Mid-Autumn Festival". So he raised his head to look at the bright moon again and raised his cup to drink Chang'e (meaning to drink with Chang'e). At that time, he saw that the palace in the middle of the moon was surrounded by a cold wind and dew. These two lines of poems evolved from Du Fu's poem "Moon", "Consider the widowhood, the weather is cold and the nine autumns are here". They not only describe that the night has turned late and the cold is getting thicker, but also further imply that the palace of the Northern Song Dynasty is just like the middle of the month. The palace has already become unbearably "cold". The pain of country subjugation that is hidden and about to emerge in the previous article is expressed through the word "palace" that is both suddenly eye-catching and yet "full" (the word "palace" only refers to the palace in the middle of the moon)! The whole poem begins and ends with the Mid-Autumn Festival. Through what he sees, hears, thinks, and feels in the post court, it shows the author's complex mentality of being homesick, nostalgic, and worrying about all things, and has a certain depth of thought. and artistic appeal. Judging from the style of the poem, this poem has also changed the author's usual "appropriate and light" style, and shows a deep and sad style, which to a certain extent has the vigorous and desolate style of the Xin School poets (such as the first five chapters). The first sentence describes the scene, and the last two sentences describe the moon and the cold moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival). This must be inseparable from what he experienced with his body and what he saw with his eyes.
Wang Chang, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once said: "There are many poems in the Southern Song Dynasty about the sadness of "Millet" and "Maixiu"" (quoted in Volume 1 of "Words on Gambling Villa"). From "Qi Tianle", Shi Dazu's poem was written by Shi Dazu as an envoy to the Jin Dynasty. , you can clearly see this.
Shi Dazu
Shi Dazu 1163～1220? Nian, named Bangqing and named Meixi, from Bian (Kaifeng, Henan). He never passed the exam and served as a staff member in his early years. When Han Yuzhou was in power, he was the most trusted official and was responsible for writing documents. Han was defeated, Shi Lian was tattooed and died in poverty. Shi Dazu's poems are mostly about chanting things, and there is no lack of feelings about his life experience. He also exercised gold in Ningzong's northward direction. This part of the Northbound Ci is full of a sad feeling of home and country. Today there is "Meixi Ci". There are 112 words saved.