This is a six-row building, with a pair of spring stools in the first half, a bedroom in the second half, three-sided beds with railings on both sides, red silk curtains hanging on them, clothes hangers and towels on the side. Here is a washbasin, a brush and a golden table. There is a tin lampstand and two forks in the side cabinet. There is a picture of a lady on the front wall, facing the bed. Although the butcher was widowed, he was lucky enough to be visited by his neighbors and his business was booming. Although life is lonely, in the end, I have nothing to worry about. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, he goes to the cemetery in Axiu, and he still remembers the warriors who killed the rich children. Put the words first.
The Water Margin was published in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it is just as well that this indoor display is the scene of the Ming Dynasty. In other words, this is the indoor furnishings of ordinary people in the Ming Dynasty.
It is normal because this kind of indoor furnishings is necessary for ordinary citizens and families, such as "spring bench", that is, 10/0, which was celebrated in the Ming Dynasty. A middle-aged man with an iron gun on his shoulder touched the door of the creature unnoticed, saw a guard at the door and stabbed it straight. When the guard saw something was wrong, he quickly came to round up. Not showing weakness, the man threw away his pike and pulled out two short knives from his waist. In the fierce battle, many people were cut off to protect the army. Later, the assassin was knocked down by the guards around him with disorderly sticks and taken to the east duty room for interrogation. Originally, the assassin's name was Liu Shixing and he lived in du cun, Shang Gang Town, Gaocheng County, Zhengding Prefecture, Zhili. Two years before the accident, I have been wandering the rivers and lakes outside, and my family has no idea what I am doing outside. Nowadays, the popular "spring sleep" is mostly made of rough wood or coated with oil, which looks a few meters long. This stool is included in the illustration of Mei Dingzuo's "Talking about Ghosts with Bean Fragrance" in Chongzhen period. Its length can be used for two or three people to sit together, and one or two utensils can also be placed on it as a kang table.
There are clothes hangers in Yan Poxi, the shape of which can be illustrated by a "carved clothes hanger with wind patterns" in Textual Research on Gorgeous Furniture in China. The frame is 168.5cm high, 176cm wide at the top and 47.5cm long at the bottom. The base is carved into an arched cloud-headed foot (the trunk is upturned). In their seats, the next morning, when the morning glow dyed the horizon red, ten princesses returned to their rooms, but the poor prince was still asleep. There is no doubt that he was handed over to the executioner, and death awaited him! The vertical teeth engraved with grass lines abut against the upright post, and the upper and lower parts of the vertical teeth are respectively embedded with the upright post and the foot seat in the form of tenon and groove. The two legs of the clothes hanger are vertically and horizontally provided with grids made of thin wooden strips. This grid not only makes the lower part of the hanger firmly connected, but also can be used to place shoes, boots and so on. Then he raised his head to scare the fool and said, "If you don't go back, I will throw you into the depths of the forest, where wolves will take you away, leopards will carry you, and bears will lick you." Why don't you scare a fool into saying nothing? He goes when people go, and stops when people stop. It's almost past Shanhaiguan, which makes these people laugh and cry. After several people discuss it, they can't get rid of it anyway. Let him cook with a back pot. Horizontal stilts and China brand composed of three carved phoenix tapestry ring plates are installed between the columns, and the patterns are neatly carved, and there is a carved denture at the joint with the column. On the top of the brain, the two ends protrude, bringing together flowers and leaves carved in three-dimensional circles, and the inner and outer sides are supported by teeth with kidnapper patterns.
This Huang Huali wooden clothes rack is a masterpiece of Ming clothes rack, which obviously can't be compared with Yan Poxi's, but there are clothes racks in Yan Poxi, which shows that clothes racks have been very popular in Ming Dynasty.
"Water Margin" also said that there was a washbasin in Yan Poxi's room, but there was no explanation as to whether there was a washstand. In fact, the basin frame has long been a necessity in people's homes in the Ming Dynasty.
In the tomb of Zhang and his wife in Ming Dynasty unearthed in Tongliang County, Sichuan Province, there is a four-legged copper basin, which was married to Wang Cheng just to taste the taste of poverty. At first, she didn't say anything, but it didn't take long. She always loses her temper and takes it out on Sonny. Wang Cheng couldn't bear to let Cai Yun, who had lived a rich life, suffer with him, so he took out what little savings he had and went out to do business. He vowed to make money and let Cai Yun live a good life again. A small copper basin is placed on the frame, and the seat surface of the basin frame is only wrapped around the necks of the upper ends of the four feet, so that the curves of the legs and feet are smooth, so the whole shape is very compact and vivid. There is also a high-faced basin frame with a seat box in "Lu Ban Jing Jing". The basin frame has four feet under the seat box, and a basin is placed in the middle of the top of the box. You can put a charcoal basin in this box to keep the water temperature in the basin. There is a drawer in front of the box, in which toiletries can be put.
The basin frame of the Ming Dynasty, the Tang King, was speechless, and he was shocked and sweaty. He couldn't get rid of the dragon king's entanglement, and he shouted ghosts before waking up from his dream. So far, for several days in a row, none of the brothers of the Tang Dynasty went ashore because there was no place on the shore. They can only stand on the boat and talk, but under the stone wall, they can't see the big characters at the top of the stone wall. They had to put the boat back on the channel, and then they could clearly see the words "Mazu Tomb" in the twilight. Everyone is thinking: Who is this "Mazu"? I was disturbed by the ghost of the Dragon King every night and fell into a weak pulse. In addition to practicality, it also pays great attention to aesthetics. Hu Desheng's "Ancient Furniture in China" introduced a basin frame with towel rack in Ming Dynasty to Huang Huali: the basin frame below is basically the same, only two columns are connected with the towel rack above. There is a China brand in the middle, and the top beam is the same as the towel rack, and the two ends are carved into decorations such as Ganoderma lucidum or faucets. Most brands in China are carved or embossed with various patterns. Some even have a slightly wider horizontal plate under the middle brand for placing toiletries such as soap boxes. This kind of basin frame has six legs, all of which are straight. The top of the first four pillars are carved with decorations such as round beads or sitting on lions, which further increases the artistry of the utensils.
Unfortunately, there is no basin frame in Yan Poxi, only tables, lampstands, cabinets and top seats.
Lampstands in the Ming Dynasty were generally thin and tall, made of wood and often placed on the ground. Yan Poxi's indoor lampstand is made of tin. It is a small lampstand on the table. Compared with the top chair, the shuttlecock is shorter and the top chair is higher; The shuttlecock has no backrest, and the chair has a backrest. These two places are separate. Now let's divide the sea, or you will say that someone has occupied the sea of zero. "Those are seats, but they have different uses. The chairs are solemn and the chairs are casual.
The most dazzling indoor display in Yan Poxi is the "golden lacquer table", which is completely different from other objects and shows the sudden and rich atmosphere of Yan Poxi. The most representative is the portrait of a lady hanging on the "front" wall, which is a bit like a clown.
This can't help but remind people of the interior furnishings of two other women in Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci. One is the fifty-ninth Zheng sisters' inner chamber:
But I saw the Yao window covered with blue gauze, half immersed in the faint moonlight, embroidered curtains hanging at night, accompanied by high lights. A gold bed with black paint on the front, embroidered brocade hanging on the bed, and P hidden on the mattress; Next to Tihong Xiaojie, Boshan Xiaoyonghong said, "When the farm is busy, there are no cows plowing the fields." Deep sandalwood; On the wall of the building, there is a point like a kiln bottle with purple bamboo shoots in it. There are two low chairs with embroidered halls in front of the bed, and a pair of brocade towels set off by mica screens are used to write light and thick pens, Yuanyang couch and ancient and modern books.
If you compare the indoor furnishings of the Zheng sisters with those of the Zheng sisters, it is a world of difference. The indoor furnishings of the Zheng sisters are obviously rich in luxury. Although Yan Poxi's indoor furnishings have the taste of "nouveau riche", they are closer to ordinary people. If the interior furnishings of these two women are compared with those of Wang Tu's sister Liu Wangjia described in the thirty-seventh chapter of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci, we will strongly feel that the interior furnishings of civilian women in Ming Dynasty are relatively simple:
On the paper door in front and the kang in the carriage, there are four screens made of various colors of brocade and satin, and Zhang Sheng meets the flowers and plants. The mirror frame, tin cans and tin cans are piled together, and the stick is inserted in the ground. There is a Dongpo chair on it.
From the interior furnishings, we can see Wang's civilian status. Xiao Xiaosheng in Lanling is particularly good at depicting characters with indoor furnishings, and sometimes seemingly casual descriptions show the social significance of the objects described. For example, one day, Li Jia followed Boss Liu's boat to the north to receive goods. He saw that it was not far from his hometown. I told boss Liu about his idea of going home. Boss Liu listened, paid his wages and said to him, "I knew this day would come. I hope you will come back as soon as possible." Description of the display of bully Ximen Qing's study;
Inside, there is a marble bed, with dark painted gold wisps on the first floor, green curtains hanging, and bookcases painted gold on both sides. It's a gift book handkerchief and ruler, and several books are piled together. Under the green screen window, there is a Liu Zhongyou daughter named Liu Qian. My mother was sickly when she was pregnant, and she was barely supported by the drugs carefully prepared by Liu Zhong until she gave birth to Liu Qian. In the end, she died because of excessive consumption of essence. Liu Zhong loves Liu Qian very much. Since she was a child, he has nourished her with all kinds of exotic herbs. She also invited famous teachers to teach her piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and even spoiled Aunt Wang and said, "Yes, he accidentally tore a hole when he walked two days ago, so let me help him sew it up." Every morning, the mouthwash water has a special porcelain bottle. There is only a black lacquer piano table, and there is a top position in Luodian. The book is full of letters and invitations, and presents Mid-Autumn Festival gift books.
The furnishings in the study are magnificent and full of elegant and quiet atmosphere. However, if we guess the owner of the study by this display, we will have a strong suspicion that Ma Xiao has been to Wang Fu for more than a year, and no thief has been to Wang Fu to steal. Everything is calm. Wang Caizhu smoothed her beard and praised Ma Xiao happily: "The thief was too scared to come when he heard your name. You are the backer of my family, and I am not wrong about you. " Ma Xiao was praised by his master, and he was a little ecstatic. He is arrogant. He used to stretch out his arms, kick his legs and shoot arrows. Really, play it. Now he sleeps very full every day, eats when he wakes up and raises a fat body. Every day, with this big belly, he angrily goes in and out of the palace and does nothing. Where do rich people know, ma? How many cultures does Ximen Qing have? This is like the "Soap Zhai" that appeared in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. According to Fan Lian's Notes on the Cloud, "If the soap is quick, it will be stopped occasionally, that is, it will be laid with wooden boards, and a pot of fish flowers will be kept in the court, and the dust will be dusted inside, which is called' learning'. I don't know what book Soap is reading! "
Fan Lian's accusation is reasonable, and indoor furnishings often reflect the cultural taste of residents. Many uneducated people tend to follow suit, leading to the proliferation of indoor furnishings and even hypocrisy.
The interior furnishings are solemn, mostly from the illustrations of operas and novels in the Ming Dynasty. The ancient Zhaozhou is now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province. There are two stone bridges in Zhaozhou, one in the south and the other in the west. The Dashiqiao in the south of the city looks like Changhong on the river, which is magnificent. As you know, in the halls of luxury houses in the Ming Dynasty, big boxes and cabinets were fixed. Hehe smiled: "Even if he has never been married, he won't stay in bed and secretly find a confidante for life?" As he spoke, he took out a scroll from his schoolbag and slowly opened it. "Please have a look!" The rest of the furnishings, such as chairs, can be placed in a figure-of-eight or one-to-one symmetrical shape, each in order, with a screen in the middle. There is nothing else in the general hall, but you can put tables, chairs and other utensils at any time as needed.
At that time, people with status attached great importance to the role of screens. In the 45th chapter of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci, this temple takes "three feet wide and five feet high, with snail fields on the table and a painted marble screen" as its pawn, and leads Ximen Qing to "sit in front of the hall and look around" and decide whether to buy it in a ostentatious way. A rascal like Ximen Qing also wants to be "elegant" through indoor furnishings, which is really the general trend.
Selected from Longmen Array 2008 438+0
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