1, genetic factors
Cleft lip and palate has a genetic tendency, and often the relatives of patients with cleft lip and palate also have similar deformities, which are caused by some gene mutation. The survey shows that the father suffers from cleft lip and palate, and the prevalence rate of offspring is about 3%; The probability that a mother's illness is passed on to her child is 14%.
2. Maternal factors
During pregnancy, if the pregnant woman vomits violently or has an extreme partial eclipse, resulting in the lack of vitamins A and B, calcium, phosphorus, iron and folic acid, the incidence of children's harelip will increase accordingly. Studies have shown that folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has a certain effect on preventing congenital cleft lip and palate.
3. Virus infection
Neonatal cleft lip is also related to viral infection during pregnancy. Viruses that can cause fetal malformation include rubella virus, varicella virus, influenza virus and herpes simplex virus. Especially in the first three months of pregnancy, if you are infected with these pathogens, you can invade the placenta and fetus through blood, forming intrauterine infection, affecting the normal development of the fetus and leading to fetal malformation.
In addition, improper medication during pregnancy, such as taking antiepileptic drugs, cholesterol-like drugs, antiallergic drugs, anticancer drugs, etc., can induce fetal abnormalities.
4. External factors
The occurrence of harelip is also related to some external factors, such as pregnant women's exposure to X-rays, smoking, alcoholism and long-term hypoxia. Will lead to mutation and deformity of embryonic cells. In addition, the older the parents, the greater the chance of children suffering from harelip.
5. The influence of cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate not only affects children's face and image, but also causes inferiority and brings great psychological pressure; Moreover, severe rabbit lips will also affect the baby's sucking and development, and even make the baby suffocate. Some untreated children with cleft lip can't even receive education like normal children. Although early plastic surgery can be done for cleft lip and palate at present, not every family can afford the high cost, so pregnant mothers should try to avoid the influence of the above inducing factors on their offspring.
6. How to prevent cleft lip and palate?
1, nutritional balance: the mother is the only source of nutrition for the fetus. During pregnancy, a balanced and diverse diet is very important. Everything you eat during pregnancy will affect your baby. Eat more vegetables and fresh fruits, and less sugar, salt and processed food.
2. Emotional stability: When pregnant women have negative emotions such as anxiety, uneasiness, irritability and fear, adrenocortical hormone may hinder the integration of some tissues of the embryo, leading to fetal cleft lip or cleft palate.
3. Early treatment of diseases: Pregnant women with diabetes, anemia, gynecological diseases and hypothyroidism should be treated as soon as possible.
4, careful use of drugs: the use of hormones or anti-tumor drugs and antihistamines during pregnancy may lead to fetal malformation.
5. Avoid catching a cold: The survey found that many mothers with cleft lip and palate caught a cold in the first trimester, which is also one of the important factors leading to cleft lip and palate.
6. Virus prevention: Pregnant women should pay special attention to preventing rubella and other virus infections.
7. Stay away from radiation: Young couples should try to avoid exposure to radiation products three months before deciding to get pregnant. Now many pregnant women go to work normally until delivery. Many offices are open places, full of computers and dozens of mobile phones used at the same time, which is very harmful to fetal health.
8. Quit smoking and drinking: A study in Mexico shows that "rabbit lips" are caused by the development of the upper lip and maxilla of infants during the embryonic period, and the abnormal embryonic development caused by long-term smoking and alcoholism of pregnant women is one of the reasons.
9. Grasp the timing of childbirth: The doctor said that parents under the age of 20 and over the age of 35 are most likely to give birth to deformed children, because under the age of 20, they are not fully mature, but over the age of 35, they have begun to age. Therefore, it is best for women to have children between the ages of 25 and 30.
10, pay attention to premarital examination: it is best to have the first screening before marriage to find genetic diseases such as cleft lip and palate. In addition, experienced doctors can see whether the fetus has obvious limb deformities and other deformities from the ultrasonic examination at the age of 20 to 24 weeks.