1. Chinese Peking Opera costume knowledge
Traditional opera repertoire is mostly based on historical stories, reflecting the life of various dynasties. The characters represented include emperors and generals, talented scholars and beauties, as well as various figures from the three religions and nine streams. . People from different dynasties and different statuses wear different costumes and play different roles, which forces opera artists to formulate a set of rules for wearing costumes.
The style of costume is an important symbol of the character's social status. Taking helmets as an example, they can be roughly divided into four categories: crowns, caps, helmets, and scarves. Emperors wear crowns, civil servants wear gauze hats, generals wear helmets, and poor scholars wear square scarves. They have the same crown, but the wing styles are divided into three types: upward, straight, and downward. The upward ones are called sky-facing wings and are worn by emperors and high-ranking officials; the gauze hats of ordinary civil servants have straight wings; the downward-facing wings are worn by non-officials. The one who also wears a gauze hat with golden flowers is the champion, and the one with wings is the prince consort. Opera clothes are divided into python (including official clothes), drapes, drapes, pleats, etc. The general rule is that emperors and civil servants wear python robes, generals wear robes, and common people mostly wear pleated robes.
The colors of costumes are very particular. First, they show rank. Emperors wear yellow, officials from the first to fourth ranks wear scarlet, and officials below the fifth rank wear blue and green. Second, they express customs and are worn during festive occasions. The colors are luxurious, prisoners on the execution ground wear red, and mourning clothes are white; the third is to express the scene, Lin Chong runs in black at night, highlighting a "night"; the fourth is to express spiritual temperament, Guan Yu has a red face and green robe, showing that he is capable of civility and martial arts. , both wise and brave; the fifth is to show the overall beauty of the stage, with the marshal rising to his tent, and a group of generals wearing red, green, white and black uniforms.
Patterns in costumes are not only beautiful, but also have symbolic meaning. The clothing of the royal family and ministers often use dragon patterns, which are symbols of feudal authority and dignity; military officers often use tiger and leopard patterns on their cloaks, symbolizing bravery; Vincent's pleats depict plums, orchids, bamboos, and chrysanthemums, which are related to their character and temperament; The costumes of counselors use Jitu and Bagua to symbolize wisdom and Taoism.
The different ways of wearing costumes also reflect different situations. A waist skirt is tied outside the clothes. When walking, you hold the skirt corners with both hands, which shows the miserable situation of running around. The two streamers hanging from the back of Vincent's scarf are tied to the edge of the scarf and tied with a knot on the left side. It can be used to show that people are in a hurry; before the marshal goes out to fight, he puts on his body and wears a python, which gives people the feeling of being a soldier.
2. Peking Opera costumes and facial makeup knowledge in Chinese dramas
Mr. Zhang Geng, a senior dramatist with facial makeup knowledge, said: "Facial makeup is a unique style in Chinese opera that is used in stage performances. The makeup art used in Chinese opera.
From a drama point of view, it is character-based; from an art point of view, it is pattern-based. Over the long years, opera facial makeup has been the most popular. With the development and maturity of opera, it gradually took shape and was relatively fixed in the form of musical notation."
Face makeup is unique to Chinese opera and is different from any drama makeup in other countries. Opera facial makeup has a unique charm. What is the relationship between facial makeup and opera characters? Does every character in the opera need to have facial makeup? The answer is no. Not every character needs to draw facial makeup. The facial makeup must be drawn according to the classification of the characters.
According to traditional customs, there are two ways to classify the roles of characters in Chinese opera: "Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou" and "Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou". Since modern times, Since the "mo" line of many dramas has gradually been classified into the "sheng" line, "sheng, dan, jing, and ugly" are usually regarded as the four basic types of the line. Each profession has its own hard-working branches, each with its own basically fixed characters and performance characteristics.
Among them, "Dan" is the collective name for female characters: "Sheng" and "Jing", and the two lines are male characters: in the "Chou" line, except for sometimes playing Chou Dan and Lao Dan, most of them are men. Role. Generally speaking, the makeup of "Sheng" and "Dan" is to apply a little makeup to achieve a beautifying effect. This kind of makeup is called "Junmei", also called "plain face" or "cleansing face".
It is characterized by "a thousand faces", which means that the facial makeup of all characters in the "生" line is roughly the same. No matter how many characters there are, they all have the same face from the facial makeup: "Dan" line The facial makeup of the characters is also similar no matter how many characters there are. The personalities of "Sheng" and "Dan" characters are mainly expressed through performances and costumes.
Facial makeup is used for various characters in the "clean" and "ugly" professions. It uses exaggerated strong colors and endlessly changing lines to change the actor's true appearance, which is in line with the "plain" "life" ", "Dan" makeup contrasts. The hooked faces of the "Jing" and "Chou" characters are based on the person's profile, and each person has one profile. Although it is composed of various stylized profiles, it is a kind of character makeup that directly expresses the character's personality. How many " There are many different types of roles for "clean" and "ugly" characters.
Therefore, the characteristics of facial makeup are "ever-changing" and "pure", commonly known as painted faces. The patterned facial makeup outlined in various colors is the prominent symbol, showing a rough, majestic and heroic character in character and temperament.
In performance, this type of character should have a broad and loud voice, a strong and vigorous singing, thick and sharp lines of movement, large "color blocks", wide opening and closing, and magnificent bearing. For example, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Cao Cao, Bao Zheng, Lian Po, etc. are all in pure disguise.
According to their different identities, personalities and artistic and technical characteristics, Jingxing characters can be roughly divided into Zhengjing (commonly known as Dahualian), Fujing (commonly known as Erhualian) and Wujing (commonly known as Wuer). flower). There are also two painted faces and two painted faces in the auxiliary net.
Ugly people are commonly known as little painted faces or three colored faces. Zhengjing (big painted face) mainly performs work.
Also known as Tongchuihualian or Blackheadhualian in Peking Opera, the character played is Lian Po in "The Harmony of Generals and Prime Ministers". Most of them are important officials in the court, so winning with grandeur is a characteristic of its shape. Vice Jing (also known as Erhua Lian) can be divided into frame Hua Lian and Er Hua Lian.
The painted faces are mainly about workmanship and body movements. They usually play bold and brave positive characters, such as Lu Zhishen, Zhang Fei, Li Kui, etc. There are also those who play villains, such as Cao Cao, who has a white face in Peking Opera, and is also played by a painted face.
In other operas, most of them are not called painted faces, and some operas are called straw sandals, such as Sichuan Opera, Hunan Opera, etc. Erhualian is also a kind of pretentious person, with relatively few plays, and sometimes the performance is almost ugly, such as Liu Biao in "Famen Temple".
Wu Jing (Wu Erhua) is divided into two categories: heavy handle work and heavy falling and simple beating. Characters such as Yang Qilang in "Golden Beach" and Li Yuanba in "Siping Mountain" play heavy work frame roles.
The type of heavy falling, plain beating and beating is also called beating and painting faces. For example, in "Pick the Pulley" Niu Gao has a painted face, Jin Wushu has a martial face, and Jin Wushu's general Heifeng Li beats the painted face.
"Chou" (little painted face or three-faced face) is a comedy character. The face is drawn between the bridge of the nose and the eye sockets, and they often play funny and teasing characters. In performances, there is generally no heavy singing, and the main focus is on clear and fluent speech.
It can be divided into two branches: Wen Chou and Wu Chou. Clothing 1.
The relationship between costumes and performing characters (1) The impact of the stylization of Peking Opera performances on the typing of Peking Opera costumes. As one of the basic characteristics of Peking Opera performing art, stylization can be said to make use of Peking Opera. Singing, chanting, acting and performing a set of performance forms to create a performance vocabulary that expresses various types of characters, and formed the performance specifications of Peking Opera. Particularly prominent is the division of its professions. In the Peking Opera performance profession, it can be said to be artistic, standardized, and it can also be said to be a performance classification with character. On the Peking Opera stage, the professions are the characters in the play. Therefore, its singing, chanting, acting, playing and other procedures all have a certain character color. For this reason, each profession has its own performance procedure. Every line of their words, every singing tune, every raise of hands, Every move can reflect the characteristics of different professions and the means and vocabulary to express the identities, personalities and environments of different characters.
The reason why Peking Opera performances can form its own set of routines is mainly to express the needs of various characters that different professions want to portray, and to create unique singing styles, movements or what it wants to express that are suitable for each profession. Various methods of characters. Peking Opera's divisions of Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou are far from being able to express all characters' personalities, ages, environments and identities. Therefore, in practice, the original profession has been derived into more delicate tributaries. For example, Laosheng, Xiaosheng, and Wusheng appeared in the Shengxing; Laodan, Qingyi, Huadan, Wudan, and Daomadan appeared in the Danxing; Tongchui, Wujing, and Jiahua appeared in the Jingxing; and Wen Chou and Wu Chou appeared in the Chou Xing. , this division is enough to see that the original trades were limited in expressing characters. After long-term artistic training, this stylized branch has been confirmed, the performance form has been established, and the division of trades marks the performance art of Peking Opera. Trending towards maturity, and as one of the comprehensive arts, costume creates the external appearance of the character for the performance.
3. Peking Opera Costumes
Peking Opera Costumes [Coats]: Coats are one of the internal divisions of work in Peking Opera costumes, and their existence is to serve the actors in creating roles.
In terms of technical functions, it is to manage, mix, tie, and tie. The so-called management and maintenance of clothing, responsible for the dressing up of actors and special characters during performances, and the management of coats has a lot to do. Strong skill operation and clothing name recognition and shaping of different character dressing types. For this reason, the branch of clothing plays a guarantee role in the performance, for the integrity of the art, to achieve the expected effect, and to exert the wisdom and talent of fundraising. The coat industry is in the technical processing Has its own scope and characteristics. (1) Scope and function: The names of clothing in the coat category include: python, improved python, flag python, official clothes, improved official clothes, scholar's official clothes, judge's clothes, Kai cloak, crane cloak, Pei, Bagua Yi, cassock, Monks' robes, pleats, palace clothes, ancient costumes, skirts, trousers, jackets and other clothing accessories.
Various clothing names in the overcoat category have a certain range of use. For example, figures who express their status as palace emperors, generals, ministers, and court officials usually wear python, while local officials wear official clothes. , but both python and official clothes belong to court clothes and formal attire. The emperors include Liu Xiu in "Up to the Sky" and Tang Taizong in "Jinshui Bridge".
As princes, there are Zhao Defang in "Yuanmen Beheads the Son", Lian Po as a general, Lin Xiangru as the prime minister, and other court officials, who can be ministers of the court and must be present when meeting the emperor. Wear a python. In addition, in various historical periods, the imperial court called them "grass bandits" and those who dared to defy the imperial court. They dared to risk the disapproval of the world, and they also dared to wear python costumes or call themselves emperors or occupy mountains as kings.
Such as: Chao Gai, Song Jiang, etc.
The prefects and county magistrates who represent local officials can wear official clothes. There is a line on the stage, "The seventh-rank official in front of the prime minister's house", which also shows that people with this status wear official clothes, such as in "The Seven-rank Sesame Official" County magistrate, Pan Bizheng, Liu Bingyi, etc. in "Yutangchun".
Commonly used clothing to express the leisure time of emperors, officials and gentlemen include: trousers, open cloaks and pleats. For example: Liu Xiu in "Going to the Sky" and Zhao Kuangyin in "Beheading the Yellow Robe" wear robes.
Jin Chong in "Bibo Pond", Dong Gao Gong in "Wenzhao Pass", and Ding Yuanwai in "Fishing and Killing the Family" also wear robes. Another example is the King of Tang in "Lock the Five Dragons", Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in "The Harmony of Generals" both wear their cloaks.
In order to shape the female court officials, the main costumes of queens, concubines, etc. include: female pythons, female official clothes, palace clothes, etc. For example, Empress Li in "Fighting the Dragon Robe", Taijun She in "Fighting Mengliang", and Concubine Li Yan in "Dabao Guo" all wear pythons; Liu Yingchun in "Fanjiang Pass" wears official clothes; another example is "The Imperial Concubine" Concubine Yang in "Drunk" and the empress in "Up to the Sky" wear palace clothes.
The main clothing used to shape ladies, ladies, maids and poor women include: women's hats, women's pleats, skirts, trousers, coats, etc. Women are the main costumes of ladies and ladies, such as Mrs. Jin and Miss Jin Mudan in "Bi Bo Pond", Miss Xiangfu in "Spring Grass in the Hall", and the lady in "Selling Water".
Women's pleats are divided into two styles in the Dan industry. One is worn by the Lao Dan industry, and the other is worn by the Tsing Yi industry. Women's pleats worn in the Tsing Yi trade are divided into two types: floral and plain. Women's pleats are mostly worn by young ladies, and are mainly used as a shirt when wearing a shirt.
Plain pleats, also known as Qingyi or Qing pleats, are specially worn by poor middle-aged women such as: Qin Xianglian in "Qin Xianglian", Wang Baochuan in "Wujia Slope", Liu Yingchun in "Fenhe Bay" . Laodan women's pleats are also mostly worn by elderly women from poor families, such as Kang in "Fishing for Golden Turtles", Empress Li in "Meeting the Empress", He in "Qingfeng Pavilion", etc.
Skirts, trousers and jackets are divided into two types: floral and plain. When worn, they can be made into skirts and jackets, or pants and jackets. Most of the wearers of culottes are ladies from wealthy families, such as the eldest and second young ladies in "Three Reluctances" and the sister-in-law in "The Peacock Flies Southeast".
Trousers and jackets can portray two aspects of characters. One is to represent a girl from a poor family, such as Sun Yujiao in "Jade Bracelet Picking Up", and the golden jade slave in "Douzhi Ji". The other is to represent the identity and clothing of a maid. Such as the maid who follows Wang Baochuan in "Three Fives" and the maid who follows Jin Yunu in "The Beaten Lover". Another new style of clothing for women - ancient costume, which broke through the traditional suitcase system of Peking opera costumes and the stylization of performances. The ancient costume was created by Mr. Mei Lanfang, the master of Peking Opera, during the planning and rehearsal of "The Goddess Scattered Flowers" An innovative work of the time, Mr. Mei drew lessons from the fairy costumes in ancient paintings and changed the traditional wide and straight costume shapes to form the Mei's ancient costume series, which has now become the main costume for women in new historical dramas.
In the coat industry, in addition to the main names and uses mentioned above, there are many other accessories and decorations used to shape the costumes of various characters. They play a role in distinguishing different identities wearing the same clothing. , Character images in different situations, such as: cloak, meal list, four-jolt, silk ribbon, waist scarf, etc., which can be matched with each other to change the character image. In the coat industry, in order to create more typical and representative characters in people's minds, there are also special clothes in the suitcase system, such as Concubine Yu in "Farewell My Concubine", Empress Dowager Xiao in "Silang Visits His Mother", In Princess Germany, these special clothes are rarely worn by other characters.
(2) Characteristics of the overcoat trade: Based on the scope and functions of the overcoat trade and related issues, it can be clearly seen that the characters she creates are mostly civil officials, lords and wives, young masters and ladies, maids and servants, etc. In addition, from the perspective of clothing styles, there is a more prominent feature, that is, python, crotch, pleats, open cloaks, palace clothes, bagua clothes, official clothes and other clothes have water sleeves at the cuffs, which is what distinguishes them from the two The difference between clothes and clothes. [Second garments]: According to the scope of division of labor in the overcoat industry, the scope of second garments is naturally formed. There are similarities between them in terms of technical processing, but there are great differences in other aspects.
Its name range, functions and characteristics are as follows. (1) Scope and function. The clothing names of the second garment are: Jiao, improved Jiao, arrow garment (including dragon arrow garment, flower arrow garment, plain satin arrow garment, cloth arrow garment), mandarin jacket (including dragon mandarin coat, flavonoid mandarin coat) Satin mandarin jacket, shovel mandarin jacket), Hua Yi (with flowers, plain material), Kuai Yi (with flowers, plain material, velvet, cloth), trousers, dragon set, large armor, green robe, tea coat, big sleeves, etc. and other accessories.
The various types of clothing in the second category of clothing have a range of uses, such as: Damn, it is the armor used by marshals and generals to protect themselves before going on an expedition or during a battle. These characters need it on the Peking Opera stage.
4. What are the costumes of Peking Opera?
The costumes of Peking Opera have become a major part of the wardrobe. Guitou is a general term for theatrical equipment since the Jin and Yuan dynasties. "Yangzhou Huafang Lu" states that "the theatrical equipment is called the costume, and the costume is divided into four boxes: clothes, helmets, miscellaneous items, and handles."
Suitcases are divided into large suitcases, second suitcases and third suitcases.
The coat box includes various long and short robes, such as python robes, official robes, open capes, trousers, pleated robes, bagua robes, waistcoats, cloaks, green robes, palace clothes, cheongsams, cloud shoulders, rice sheets, cassocks, etc. Also in charge of jade belts, court beads, fans, tooth wats, handkerchiefs, waist scarves and the God of Joy (colored dolls). The second suitcase includes various attires of armed personnel, such as arrow jackets, mandarin jackets, vests, tea jackets, waist bags, hug jackets, fighting jackets, system jackets, large armors, monkey jackets, buckles, Luan belts, silk sash, etc. The three suitcases include underwear worn by actors, thick-soled boots, Korean shoes, colored shoes, flag shoes, cloud shoes, shoes with the character "Fu", colorful pants, fat jackets, monk shoes, thin-soled boots, large socks, green robes, dragon suits and plastic bags. shape supplies.
Helmet boxes mainly include four types: helmets, caps, crowns, and scarves. Such as handsome helmet, overlord helmet, master's helmet, butterfly helmet, gauze hat, felt hat, Luo hat, hood, phoenix crown, Ruyi crown, Kowloon crown, tie scarf, soft master's scarf, Vincent scarf, high square scarf, and member's outer scarf. In addition, there are nets, water gauze, pheasant tail feathers, fox tails, swings, buns, ear hair, buns and various kinds of beards worn by actors, such as black, black, white, red, Purple mandarin, three-locked, tacked, eight-character mustache, one-character beard, etc.
Miscellaneous boxes refer to color boxes, water pots and combing tables. The color box is used for facial makeup, smearing, smearing, makeup removal and face washing for male characters. The hair combing table is specially designed for combing large hair, costume hair, smearing hair, patching hair, inserting silver bubbles, green bubbles, diamond bubbles and silk flowers and other accessories.
The handle box is the flag handle box. From various weapons such as knives, spears, swords, and halberds to tables, chairs, benches, curtains, and scenery of mountains, cities, tombs, and monuments; from the four treasures of the study, seals, tea and wine vessels, flags and arrows, horse whips, carts, and boats , wind and fire flags to imperial edicts, incense cases, flags, gongs, umbrellas, newspapers and specific props in the play, such as family rules, handcuffs, copper hammers, chessboards, flutes and Xiaos, etc. are all absolutely indispensable props.
A complete set of outfits has certain rules and regulations for use during performances. For example, the ten pythons and ten props on the suitcase must be in the upper five colors and the lower five colors, that is, red, yellow, green, The ten colors of white, black, blue, purple, pink, bronze and autumn fragrance are placed in order; the props on the backstage table must be changed according to the changes in the play. This is to ensure that actors put on, tie, put on, hang, and take things in an orderly manner.
5. Knowledge of Peking Opera costumes and facial makeup in Chinese dramas
[Coat]: Coat is one of the internal divisions of work in Peking Opera costumes. Its existence is to serve the actors in creating roles.
In terms of technical functions, it is to manage, mix, tie, and tie. The so-called management and maintenance of clothing, responsible for the dressing up of actors and special characters during performances, and the management of coats has a lot to do. Strong skill operation and clothing name recognition and shaping of different character dressing types. For this reason, the branch of clothing plays a guarantee role in the performance, for the integrity of the art, to achieve the expected effect, and to exert the wisdom and talent of fundraising. The coat industry is in the technical processing Has its own scope and characteristics. (1) Scope and function: The names of clothing in the coat category include: python, improved python, flag python, official clothes, improved official clothes, bachelor's official clothes, judge's clothes, Kai cloak, crane cloak, Pei, Bagua Yi, cassock, Monks' robes, pleats, palace clothes, ancient costumes, skirts, trousers, jackets and other clothing accessories.
Various clothing names in the overcoat category have a certain range of use. For example, figures who express their status as palace emperors, generals, ministers, and court officials usually wear python, while local officials wear official clothes. , but both python and official clothes belong to court clothes and formal attire. Examples of emperors include Liu Xiu in "Up to the Sky" and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in "Jinshui Bridge".
As princes, there are Zhao Defang in "Yuanmen Beheads the Son", Lian Po as a general, Lin Xiangru as the prime minister, and other court officials, who can be ministers of the court and must be present when meeting the emperor. Wear a python. In addition, in various historical periods, the imperial court called them "grass bandits" and those who dared to fight against the imperial court. They dared to risk the disapproval of the world, and they also dared to wear python costumes or call themselves emperors or occupy mountains as kings.
Such as: Chao Gai, Song Jiang, etc. The prefects and county magistrates who represent local officials can wear official clothes. There is a line on the stage, "The seventh-rank official in front of the prime minister's house", which also shows that people with this status wear official clothes, such as in "The Seven-rank Sesame Official" County magistrates, Pan Bizheng, Liu Bingyi, etc. in "Yutangchun".
Commonly used clothing to express the leisure time of emperors, officials and gentlemen include: trousers, open cloaks and pleats. For example: Liu Xiu in "Going to the Sky" and Zhao Kuangyin in "Beheading the Yellow Robe" wore a robe.
Jin Chong in "Bibo Pond", Dong Gao Gong in "Wenzhao Pass", and Ding Yuanwai in "Fishing and Killing the Family" also wear robes. Another example is the King of Tang in "Lock the Five Dragons", and Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in "The Harmony of Generals" both wear their cloaks.
In order to shape the female court officials, the main costumes of queens, concubines, etc. include: female pythons, female official clothes, palace clothes, etc. For example, Empress Li in "Fighting the Dragon Robe", Taijun She in "Fighting Mengliang", and Concubine Li Yan in "Dabaoguo" all wear pythons; Liu Yingchun in "Fanjiang Pass" wears official clothes; another example is "The Imperial Concubine" Concubine Yang in "Drunk" and the empress in "Up to the Sky" wear palace clothes.
The main clothing used to shape ladies, ladies, maids and poor women include: women's hats, women's pleats, skirts, trousers, coats, etc. Women are the main costumes of ladies and ladies, such as Mrs. Jin and Miss Jin Mudan in "Bi Bo Pond", Miss Xiangfu in "Spring Grass in the Hall", and the lady in "Selling Water".
Women's pleats are divided into two styles in the Dan industry. One is worn by the Lao Dan industry, and the other is worn by the Tsing Yi industry.
Women's pleats worn in the Tsing Yi industry are divided into two types: floral and plain. Women's pleats are mostly worn by young ladies, and are mainly used as a shirt when wearing clothes.
Plain pleats, also known as Qingyi or Qing pleats, are specially worn by poor middle-aged women such as: Qin Xianglian in "Qin Xianglian", Wang Baochuan in "Wujia Slope", Liu Yingchun in "Fenhe Bay" . Laodan women's pleats are also mostly worn by elderly women from poor families, such as Kang in "Fishing for Golden Turtles", Empress Li in "Meeting the Empress", He in "Qingfeng Pavilion", etc.
Skirts, trousers and jackets are divided into two types: floral and plain. When worn, they can be made into skirts and jackets, or pants and jackets. Most of the wearers of culottes are ladies from wealthy families, such as the eldest and second young ladies in "Three Reluctances" and the sister-in-law in "The Peacock Flies Southeast".
Trousers and jackets can portray two aspects of characters. One is to represent a girl from a poor family, such as Sun Yujiao in "Jade Bracelet Picking Up" and the golden jade slave in "Douzhi Ji". The other is to represent the identity and clothing of a maid. Such as the maid who follows Wang Baochuan in "Three Fives" and the maid who follows Jin Yunu in "The Beaten Lover". Another new style of clothing for women - ancient costume, which broke through the traditional suitcase system of Peking Opera costumes and the stylization of performances. The ancient costume was created by Mr. Mei Lanfang, the master of Peking Opera, during the planning and rehearsal of "The Goddess Scattered Flowers" An innovative work of the time, Mr. Mei drew lessons from the fairy costumes in ancient paintings and changed the traditional wide and straight costume shapes to form the Mei's ancient costume series, which has now become the main costume for women in new historical dramas.
In the coat industry, in addition to the main names and uses mentioned above, there are many other accessories and decorations used to shape the costumes of various characters. They play a role in distinguishing different identities wearing the same clothing. , Character images in different situations, such as: cloak, meal list, four-jolt, silk ribbon, waist scarf, etc., which can be matched with each other to change the character image. In the coat industry, in order to create more typical characters who are representative in people's minds, there are also special clothes in the suitcase system, such as Concubine Yu in "Farewell My Concubine", Empress Dowager Xiao in "Silang Visits His Mother", In Princess Germany, these special clothes are rarely worn by other characters.
(2) Characteristics of the overcoat trade: Based on the scope and functions of the overcoat trade and related issues, it can be clearly seen that the characters she creates are mostly civil officials, lords and wives, young masters and ladies, maids and servants, etc. In addition, from the perspective of clothing styles, there is a more prominent feature, that is, python, crotch, pleats, open cloaks, palace clothes, bagua clothes, official clothes and other clothes have water sleeves at the cuffs, which is what distinguishes them from the two The difference between clothes and clothes. .