How to maintain and reinforce bridge piers and abutments.

⑵ The causes of pier deformation should be found out and targeted measures should be taken for reinforcement. 3 When the bridge pier crack exceeds the limit value in Table 5.4.2 or Table 5.5.3 of this specification, the reasons shall be found out and the following measures shall be taken for reinforcement: 1) When the crack width is less than the specified limit value, it shall be closed; 2) When the crack width is greater than the specified limit and less than 0.5mm, grouting shall be carried out; Cracks larger than 0.5 mm should be repaired; 3) When the masonry has joints and staggered joints, part of the stone should be removed and re-built; 4) When the abutment cracks due to the failure of the movable bearing, the bearing should be repaired or replaced, and the cracks should be maintained; 5) For bottom-up cracks caused by uneven settlement of foundation, the foundation should be reinforced first, and the reinforcement method should be determined according to the development degree of cracks. When the horizontal displacement and inclination of abutment exceed the allowable deformation, the reasons should be analyzed and the reinforcement scheme should be determined. If the structural strength of the pile or pier is insufficient or the pile column is damaged by collision, the reasons should be found out and reinforced. Under the action of flood impact or fill settlement, the abutment cone slope and splayed wing wall are easy to deform, splice and fall off.