Qi is the motive force of life activities. Qi has two meanings: it is a tiny and invisible substance running in the body, and it is also the ability of various organs and tissues of the human body to move. Therefore, the qi mentioned by Chinese medicine is both a substance and a function. Breathing, breathing, Shui Gu metabolism, nutrition dressing, blood circulation, body fluid moistening, resisting exogenous pathogens and other life activities all depend on the gasification function to maintain. "A New Book on Life Support and Pension" says: "beginning of life is angry and obsessed. Supplementing qi can give them a way. " The book also summarizes some experiences of the ancients in invigorating qi: "First, speak less and replenish qi and blood;" Second, abstain from * * *, nourish essence, third, taste thin and nourish blood; Fourth, pharyngeal fluid. Nourish dirty qi; Fifth, do not be angry and nourish the liver: sixth, eat well and nourish the stomach; Seven. Think less and nourish your heart more. "These seven points emphasize" cautious cultivation ":however, because qi is popular in the whole body and constantly exercises, the human body should also exercise properly to promote the rise and fall of viscera and qi. Will be conducive to maintaining the normal physiological function of the body. Therefore, the ancients advocated that "the human body wants work, but not extreme (excessive)." "All kinds of fitness exercises and qigong handed down in our country are valuable heritages of nourishing qi by moving.
What does qi mean in TCM theory?
TCM terminology-Qi
First, the basic concept of qi
(1) gas is the most basic substance that constitutes the universe. There are two forms of gas in the universe: 1. The state of diffuse and vigorous movement is difficult to be directly detected because of its fineness, dispersion and non-stop movement, so it is called "invisible". 2. condensed state, tiny and dispersed gas, concentrated and condensed together, becomes a tangible entity, so it is called "tangible".
(2) Qi is the most basic substance that constitutes the human body.
(3) Qi is the most basic substance to maintain human life activities.
Second, the emergence of Qi.
(1) Congenital sperm: from parents. Zangfu organs are located in the kidney (life gate).
(2) The gas in the valley after rain: it is a substance that is digested and absorbed. The dirty house is located in the spleen and stomach.
(3) Clear air: inhale. The internal organs are located in the lungs.
Thirdly, the movement and form of Qi.
The movement of (1) qi is called the circulation of qi in Chinese medicine.
(2) There are four forms of movement: ascending, descending, exiting and entering.
(3) Qi has different manifestations in different dirty rooms.
(4) The airflow is distributed throughout the body. When it reaches the zang-fu organs, it is called zang-fu qi, when it reaches the inside and outside of blood vessels, it is called ying-wei qi, and when it reaches the meridians, it is called meridian qi.
Fourthly, the physiological function of qi.
(1) promoting function;
(2) warming effect;
(3) fixing;
(4) defense function;
(5) gasification.
V. Types of gases —— According to the source of gases:
(1) vitality: it is the most basic and main qi in the human body. It consists of essence in the kidney, Shui Gu in the spleen and stomach, and clear qi in the lung, and is distributed all over the body.
(2) Zongqi: It is composed of clear qi and valley qi to breathe through the heart pulse.
(3) Qi Ying: a special part of Gucci. It aims to melt blood and nourish the whole body. There are two running paths: 1. The twelve meridians (gas refining); 2. Rendu, yangqiao, Yinqiao.
(4) Defending Qi: It is also very powerful. Therefore, the meat is warm, the skin is full, the texture is fat, and it can be opened and closed freely.
(5) Qi of zang-fu organs and meridians: the same as that of the whole body. It is the essence and purification of qi, and Shui Gu's qi is transformed by the joint action of lung, spleen and kidney. It can be converted into energy to promote and maintain the physiological activities of zang-fu organs and meridians; It can also renew and enrich the tissue structure of viscera and meridians, and generate the essence of five zang-organs for storage.
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What does Chinese medicine mean by moving qi?
This is a treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the concept of qi. Qi and the whole body play an indispensable physiological function to the human body. If qi fails to move smoothly and stays in the body, people will sigh, feel depressed, feel depressed, or have abdominal distension after meals. In this case, Chinese medicine will adopt the therapy of activating qi, and qi stagnation will be unblocked. Therefore, the symptoms are relieved. This is qi.
What does qi mean in Chinese medicine?
Chinese medicine believes that qi is the most basic material basis of human body and the most basic material for human life activities. All kinds of life activities of human body can be explained by the movement changes of qi. Qi comes from three aspects: 1. Congenital essence: that is, influenced by the innate endowment of parents. Its physiological function depends on kidney storing sperm; 2. Shuigu essence: that is, the nutrients obtained after Shui Gu is ingested through the spleen and stomach; 3. Inhalation of clean air: that is, natural clean air inhaled by the lungs. Qi, as the basic substance of human life activities, has the following functions: 1. Promotion: Qi can promote the growth and development of human body, stimulate the functional activities of various organs, promote the operation of menstrual qi, the circulation of blood, the generation, transportation and excretion of body fluids. 2. Warm effect: the movement of qi is the source of human heat. Qi maintains and regulates the normal body temperature of the human body, and its warming function ensures the physiological activities of various organs, organs and meridians of the human body, so that blood and body fluids always run normally and will not stagnate. 3. Defensive function: Qi has the function of resisting evil spirits. On the one hand, qi can protect the muscle surface and prevent the invasion of exogenous pathogens; On the other hand, Qi can fight against invading evil spirits and drive them out. 4. Fixation: Qi can keep the position of viscera and organs relatively stable; And can control blood and prevent it from overflowing the pulse; Control and regulate the secretion and excretion of sweat, urine and saliva to prevent the loss of body fluids; Store * * * to prevent spermatorrhea from slipping. 5. Gasification: Gasification means that the movement of qi can cause various normal changes of human body, including the metabolism and mutual transformation of essence, qi, blood, body fluid and other substances. In fact, the gasification process is the process of material transformation and energy transformation. The various functions of qi cooperate with each other and serve each other to jointly maintain the normal physiological activities of the human body. For example, gas lifting and solid gas are opposites and complementary. On the one hand, qi promotes the operation of blood and the transmission and excretion of body fluid; On the other hand, Qi controls and regulates the secretion, operation and excretion of blood and body fluids. Promotion and fixed coordination enable normal functional activities to be maintained. The movement of Qi is called Qi-moving machine, and the function of Qi is realized through Qi-moving machine. The basic forms of qi movement include ascending, descending, exiting and entering, and are embodied in the physiological activities of viscera, meridians, tissues and organs. For example, lung exhalation is the exit, inhalation is the entrance, and it is declared as ascending and descending. Another example is that the spleen governs the ascending, and the stomach governs the descending. The rise and fall of qi should be coordinated and balanced in order to maintain normal physiological activities. According to different parts, functions and sources, qi can be divided into the following categories: 1. Primitive energy: Primitive energy, also known as vitality, is the motive force of human life activities. The primordial qi is generated by the innate essence, which is constantly supplemented and cultivated by the essence of the later Tianshui Valley. The primordial qi is rooted in the kidney and runs through the whole body through three Jiao Xun, reaching the internal viscera and external skin. The function of primordial qi is to promote the growth and development of human body, and to warm and stimulate the physiological activities of organs, channels and collaterals. Therefore, it can be said that vitality is the most basic substance to maintain human life activities. 2. Zongqi: Zongqi is the qi in the chest, which is produced by the combination of the clear qi inhaled by the lungs and the essence of the spleen and stomach. The function of ancestral qi is to take a breath path, and the second is to focus on the heart pulse and promote the circulation of qi and blood. The temperature and activity of limbs, audio-visual function, the strength and rhythm of heart beating are all related to the rise and fall of clan spirit. Because ancestral qi accumulates in the chest, the fluctuation of ancestral qi is often understood through the pulse condition at the apex of the heart. 3. Nourishing qi: Nourishing qi is the qi that runs in the pulse and has nutritional function, which is mainly produced by the essence of Shui Gu transported by the spleen and stomach. The function of invigorating qi is manifested in two aspects: injecting blood, dissolving blood, taking pulse and nourishing the whole body. 4. Wei Qi: Wei Qi is the Qi running outside the pulse, which has the defensive function. Like Qi Ying, it is mainly generated by Shui Gu essence transferred from the spleen and stomach. The functions of defending qi include: guarding the muscle surface to prevent the invasion of foreign pathogens; Warming viscera, muscles and fur; Adjust and control the opening and closing of sweat pores and the excretion of sweat to maintain the constant body temperature.
What does "Qi" in TCM mean?
Qi is a simple understanding of natural phenomena in ancient times. It is believed that qi is the most basic substance that constitutes the world, and all things and phenomena in the universe are produced by the movement and change of qi. Therefore, in Yang Gong's Interpretation of Painting, he said: "Yuan, Qi, Invisible, Tangible, Create Heaven and Earth." In the medical field, it is considered that qi is the basic substance that constitutes the human body smaller than essence. Moreover, the movement changes of qi are used to explain various physiological phenomena and pathological changes of human body.
The concept of qi is widely used in Huangdi Neijing, the earliest classic medical work of traditional Chinese medicine. Some people think that it is the cornerstone of philosophy and medical theory in Neijing. It should be said that Neijing developed the essence theory of ancient materialism, thus forming a more systematic theory of qi. From the emergence of human life and the composition of the body, various physiological functions, pathological changes, mental activities and so on. The theory that no gas is needed is expounded. For example, Su Wenbao's Theory of Quan Ming Xing said: "People are born with the spirit of heaven and earth." "The day when heaven and earth are in harmony." Six dirty elephants said: "Qi is harmonious, body fluid is complementary, and God is spontaneous." "Ling Shu Jue Qi pian" more specifically pointed out that "for qi to burn, announce the taste of five grains, fumigate the skin, fill the body, moisten the hair, and irrigate if the fog is dew".
To sum up, the concept of qi has two meanings. One refers to the subtle substances that constitute the human body and maintain human life activities. That is, qi is a substance smaller than essence and stronger in sports ability. For example, Shui Gu Qi and Breathing Qi have different names because of their different sources and distribution parts, such as primordial qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi and defending qi. Second, it refers to the functional activities of the viscera, such as the qi of the five internal organs, the qi of the six internal organs and the qi of the meridians. Essence shows its existence through the functional activities of zang-fu organs.
Essence and qi are the material basis of human life activities, and they can be transformed into each other, so Chinese medicine believes that "essence can transform qi, and qi can produce essence."
Qi plays a very important role in life activities. The growth, development, aging, death and the occurrence and development of diseases of human body are all related to the rise and fall of qi and the changes of movement. "Eight Difficult Classics" said: "Anger is the root of human beings, and if it is eradicated, the stems and leaves will wither."
To summarize the physiological functions of qi, it can include the following six aspects:
1. Dynamic function of Qi: The growth and development of human body, the physiological activities of viscera and meridians, the circulation of blood and the transport of body fluids all depend on the stimulation and promotion of Qi. If qi deficiency leads to lack of motivation, people's growth and development will be slow, the functions of viscera and meridians will decline, or blood circulation will be poor, or water and liquid will not dissolve, body fluid will not disperse, and phlegm and dampness will be endogenous. The motive force of this kind of machinery is considered by Chinese medicine to be the function of qi.
2. Warm effect of qi: The body temperature of human body is relatively constant and will not change obviously because of the change of external temperature. Maintaining a relatively constant body temperature depends on the relative balance between heat production and heat dissipation. This kind of keeping body temperature constant is also the function of qi. Specifically, this is maintained by the warm effect of Yang Qi. "Twenty-two Difficult Classics" says: "Qi governs temperature." Lingshu Ben Zang Pian says: "He who defends qi warms the meat, ……" refers to the warming effect of qi. If the yang is insufficient and the warming effect of qi decreases, there will be symptoms of yang deficiency such as chills and cold skin.
3. The defensive function of Qi: In human life activities, there are countless factors that endanger human body, and they often exist, such as microorganisms, parasites and various unfavorable factors in the surrounding environment. Even the factors that maintain normal life activities, such as sunshine, air, water, etc. In some cases, it will be harmful to human body due to abnormal changes. But in most cases, the human body's defense function can effectively prevent infringement, or intercept and contain these unfavorable factors in the body, thus ensuring human health. This function of preventing invasion and maintaining health is also considered by Chinese medicine as the function of qi. For example, qi can protect the muscle surface and resist the invasion of external evils. Su Wen, Legacy and Acupoint Theory says: "No evil can be done, including righteousness". The "evil" mentioned here is a factor that harms the human body, and "healthy qi" is the body's defense function. In addition, if pathogens have invaded the body, qi can fight against them, or exorcise them, or encircle them, thus restoring their health. Therefore, the chapter "Soul Pivot Stabs True Evil" says: "Deficiency and evil are also deeper than the body, with knots and qi returning; There is a knot, which goes deep into the bone, and the gas is due to the bone. " The "Qi returning to its place" and "Qi returning to the bone" mentioned here all mean that healthy qi accumulates in the place where evil spirits invade, and plays its role in resisting and eliminating foreign evils. The common clinical evidence that healthy qi is full of pathogenic factors shows that healthy qi plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic factors.
4. The fixation of qi mainly refers to the fixation of qi on abdominal organs, some substances in the body and some metabolites. ......
What is' Qi' in TCM? What is "Qi"
What is the Qi of TCM? Qi has always been an important concept of traditional Chinese medicine. The concept of "Qi" appeared very early in China's ancient philosophy. Whether it is Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang and other philosophical schools, the essence and characteristics of "Qi" are discussed and discussed. It can be said that the concept and thought of "Qi" are shared by the Chinese nation. To sum up, China's ancient philosophy thought that "Qi" was an invisible, ubiquitous, cosmic and vital subtle substance. Everything in the world is made up of the constantly moving Qi.
The ancients believed that "Qi" was the basic substance that constituted the world. Qi is not only a material existence, but also the foundation of life and the source of vitality of all things. "Huai Nan Zi Yuan Dao Xun" says: "Qi is the source of life." Qi is the source of life, so "if you have qi, you will live, if you don't have qi, you will die, and the living will depend on it." "(Guanzi Yan Shu) This is very important and has a great influence on the theory of" Qi "in TCM.
Wind, cold, heat, humidity, dryness and fire are originally six different climate changes in nature, which are called "six qi" under normal circumstances. "Six Qi" generally does not cause disease. Only when the climate change is abnormal, the six qi are too much or too little, that is, it is too hot in summer and particularly cold in winter, which is called too much; If it gets warmer in winter and colder in summer, it's worse. Sometimes, there is qi, which refers to the abnormality of seasonal climate. For example, due to global warming in recent years, winter should be a cold season, but there has been a warm winter. Then, when the climate changes too quickly, coupled with the lack of healthy qi and the decline of resistance, the six qi can become a pathogenic factor, harm the human body and cause diseases. In this case, the six qi is abnormal, which is called "six yin" in Chinese medicine. So it is also called "six whores".
Essence and qi are the material basis of human life activities, and they can be transformed into each other, so Chinese medicine believes that "essence can transform qi, and qi can produce essence." Qi plays a very important role in life activities. The growth, development, aging, death and the occurrence and development of diseases of human body are all related to the rise and fall of qi and the changes of movement. "Eight Difficult Classics" said: "Anger is the root of human beings, and if it is eradicated, the stems and leaves will wither."
In fact, it is the physiological and biochemical process of metabolism in the body, that is, the process of material transformation and energy transformation. In this complicated process, Chinese medicine believes that qi is at work. Bing Wang's annotation "On Su Wenyin and Yang Yingxiang" said: "It is refined in gasification and mild in taste, so it is long." This refers to the mutual transformation of essence and qi, thus maintaining the growth and changes of the human body. Sometimes, the concept of "qi" in Chinese medicine is limited to bladder urination, that is, "Su Wen Ling Lan's Secret Code" says: "Bladder, the official of the state, body fluid is stored, and qi can be released." Its pathogenic reasons are deficiency of vital qi (poor disease resistance of the body), dampness and turbidity, pathogenic toxin and improper diet, which lead to dampness stagnation and heat fumigation, spleen loss of health transport, liver loss of drainage, if it is not cured for a long time, damp-heat accumulation, liver and spleen damage, qi stagnation and blood separation. Liver injury caused by various diseases includes hepatocyte membrane and hepatocyte mitochondria; There are two kinds of mtDNA mutations that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction: point mutation and deletion mutation. The mutation of mtDNA related to hereditary diseases is mainly point mutation, and the deletion mutation of mtDNA related to aging is mainly. Some of these deletions are only found in some tissues, while others may appear in different tissues or organs. Both point mutation and fragment deletion of mtDNA will lead to incomplete tRNA types and insufficient mRNA in mitochondria, which will hinder the synthesis of various protein and affect the function of mitochondria. According to the different mutant cell lines, it can be divided into germ cell line mutation and somatic cell line mutation. Mutation of mtDNA somatic cell line is closely related to oxygen free radical damage. This is because mtDNA is the only DNA molecule in human cytoplasm, which is synthesized on the mitochondrial inner membrane, and the oxidative phosphorylation site is also on the mitochondrial inner membrane.
What does Yuan Zhen Qi mean in Chinese medicine?
In traditional Chinese medicine, Yuan Zhen Qi is primordial qi or true qi, and its academic name is primordial qi. It is produced by kidney essence, which is the most basic substance to promote human growth and development, warm and stimulate the physiological activities of various organs, meridians and other tissues and organs, and maintain life activities.