After Yongzheng 1744 acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded, and Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and the value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built in the south of the garden to "avoid noise and listen to politics". During the Qianlong period, in addition to the local reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden was built in the east and merged into Wanchun Garden in the southeast.
The pattern of three gardens in Yuanming has basically taken shape. Jiaqing Dynasty mainly renovated and expanded Qichun Garden, making it one of the main garden places.
During the Daoguang period, state affairs declined and financial resources were insufficient. However, I would rather withdraw the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan, stop the summer vacation in Jehol and Mulan hunting, and still do not give up the reconstruction and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens.
"Yuanmingyuan" was named by Emperor Kangxi. Located in Haidian District, the western suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace, it consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden.
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty gave this garden to his fourth son, Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi, the site of Yuanmingyuan), and named it Yuanmingyuan. After more than 50 years' operation by the five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng/KLOC-0, we have concentrated a lot of material resources, entertained countless skilled craftsmen, poured the blood and sweat of millions of working people, and carefully built a large-scale and beautiful detached palace.
Every summer, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here to spend the summer, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace.
1860, the British and French allied forces looted the Yuanmingyuan, and the cultural relics were looted. When Emperor Tongzhi tried to repair Yuanmingyuan, he was forced to stop and rebuild other buildings due to financial difficulties. After Eight-Nation Alliance, it was destroyed by bureaucratic warlords and eventually turned into ruins.
During the Second Opium War, the British and French allied forces launched a war of aggression against China. In August of the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. On October 6th, 65438/kloc-0, Yuanmingyuan was occupied.
From the next day, the officers and men began to rob and destroy crazily. In order to force the Qing government to accept peace conditions as soon as possible, British Minister Erkin and British Commander Grant ordered Lieutenant General Mitchell to lead more than 3,500 invading troops to Yuanmingyuan in June 1860+1October18 on the pretext that the Qing government imprisoned British and French prisoners of war in Yuanmingyuan.
1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing and burned Yuanmingyuan. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing to burn and plunder, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu. Eight Banners soldiers and bandits took advantage of the fire to rob nearly 100 buildings that remained in the park and were basically restored, and all the buildings and ancient and famous trees in Yuanmingyuan were completely destroyed.
Since then, the cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan have been plundered by bureaucrats, warlords and profiteers for a long time, and even destroyed by government authorities in a planned way. The dignitaries of Beiyang government, including some people responsible for the protection of Yuanmingyuan site, relied on their power to transport stone carvings and Taihu stones from Yuanmingyuan to repair their gardens.
The invaders not only took away precious historical relics, but also turned them into ashes without mercy. Yuanmingyuan covers an area of 350 hectares, of which the water surface area is about 140 hectares. The plot ratio of Yuanmingyuan is 10,000 square meters more than that of the Forbidden City, and the water area is equal to a Summer Palace, with a total area of 8.5 Forbidden City!
Extended data
From 65438 to 0949, after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the China municipal government attached great importance to the protection of Yuanmingyuan site, and successively listed it as a park land and a key cultural relic protection unit, requisitioned the dry land in the park and carried out large-scale tree planting and greening.
During the ten-year turmoil, although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the water system of Yuanmingyuan and the garden pattern of Wanyuan still existed, and nearly half of the land became green belts.
Hundreds of thousands of trees have grown into forests, most of the building bases can still be found, dozens of rockeries and accumulated stones can still be seen, and the stone carving remains of Xiyanglou site are quite eye-catching.
1976 after the official establishment of Yuanmingyuan management office, remarkable progress has been made in site protection and landscaping, and the surrounding areas of Xiyanglou have been partially cleaned and sorted out. The garden road and cup facilities in the east half of the whole venue have been improved year by year from scratch.
The number of tourists in the park has greatly increased. The Yuanmingyuan History Exhibition Hall has been held since June1979165438+10, and one tenth of them are visited by primary and secondary school students. ?