1949 10 The period from the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) to the end of 1952, when China resumed its national economy. This period is the preparatory stage of China's socialist economic construction. Specific measures are as follows:
1. Balanced Finance: 1950 In March, the "Decision on Unifying the National Financial and Economic Work" was promulgated, demanding that the national fiscal revenue and expenditure be unified, so that the main part of the national revenue will be concentrated in the central government and used for the main expenditures of the country to ensure the balance of fiscal revenue and expenditure.
Unify the national material dispatch, so that the important materials controlled by the state will be changed from decentralized to centralized, so as to adjust the supply and demand of various places, withdraw money and stabilize prices; Unified cash management throughout the country, so that the cash scattered in state-owned enterprises and military and political organs is managed by the state bank, reducing market currency and increasing the cash available to the state.
Second, restore the transportation industry: 1949, 1950 In the early years, the key point was to restore the railway. With the efforts of all railway workers, more than 8,300 kilometers of railways and 27 15 bridges were repaired within one year from 1949. By 1950, the railway14,000 kilometers was repaired, the original railway was basically unblocked, and roads, water transport and aviation were also restored.
Three. Resume agricultural production: 1950 In June, the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated. By August of 1952, except for minority areas, the land reform in the whole country was basically completed, which eliminated the feudal exploitation system for thousands of years and liberated agricultural productivity. On this basis, guide farmers to organize themselves on the basis of voluntary and mutual benefit and take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation.
By the end of 1952, there were more than 8 million agricultural production mutual aid groups and more than 4,000 agricultural production cooperatives, which effectively promoted the recovery and development of agricultural production. At the same time, the people's government has also helped farmers to resume production in terms of loans, prices and investments, set minimum purchase prices and reasonable price comparisons for some agricultural products, and led farmers to carry out mass technological transformation activities.
To build water conservancy projects, in addition to completing a large number of dike renovation and river dredging, large-scale water conservancy projects such as harnessing the Huaihe River and Jingjiang River were also carried out, and the masses were widely mobilized to build water conservancy projects to prevent disasters. In three years, the irrigation area was expanded to about 80 million mu, which initially changed the situation of disrepair of river banks and frequent floods during the Republic of China.
Resume industrial production: the production of state-owned industries established by confiscating bureaucratic capital. The government relies on the working class to quickly repair machinery and equipment and make it return to work as soon as possible.
Then carry out democratic reforms in industrial and mining enterprises, transform the old management institutions, abolish the management system that oppresses workers and the feudal leadership system, eliminate potential counter-revolutionaries and establish a socialist democratic management system. On the basis of democratic reform, we will further mobilize the masses to carry out production reform, create and popularize advanced production technologies and working methods, and launch a campaign to increase production and save labor.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) adjusts private industry and commerce: 1952 After the price stabilized in the first half of the year, private industry and commerce encountered the difficulty of unsalable goods due to the sudden disappearance of false purchasing power.
The government adjusts industry and commerce in a timely and reasonable manner, and takes care of private industry and commerce in terms of business scope, raw material supply, sales market and financial policy. According to the principle of giving consideration to both public and private interests, the methods of processing and ordering, unified purchase and underwriting, and consignment sales were adopted to help private industry and commerce get rid of the predicament of sluggish sales and shrinking production.
Subsequently, we vigorously carried out the material exchange movement between urban and rural areas, actively expanded the purchase and sale of agricultural and sideline products, opened up a broad market for urban industry and commerce, and enabled private industry and commerce to recover and develop rapidly. However, the mercenary nature of capitalism has led many private enterprises to take the evil road of profiteering illegally.
In order to protect national interests, from the end of 195 1 to the end of 1952, the "three evils" and "five evils" movement were launched to limit the negative role of capitalist industry and commerce and make it develop in a direction that can only benefit the national economy and people's livelihood. By 1952, the number of households in private industrial enterprises increased by 2 1949, and the output value increased by 54.2%. The number of private enterprises increased by 7%, and the retail sales increased by 18.6%.
Through the efforts of the people of the whole country, in a short period of three years, the task of restoring the national economy has been completed, people's lives have improved, people's political power has been consolidated, and conditions have been met for planned socialist construction and transformation.
Extended data
background
Due to the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism and the long-term war, the social economy was very backward and severely damaged before the founding of the People's Republic of China. From 65438 to 0949, compared with the highest year in history, the total industrial output value dropped by 50%, including 70% for heavy industry, 30% for light industry, 48% for coal production and more than 80% for steel production.
Grain production decreased by nearly 1/4, and cotton production decreased by 48%. Only the railway line of nearly 1 10,000 kilometers was opened to traffic, and more than 3,200 bridges were seriously damaged. The Kuomintang government issued money indiscriminately, and inflation was hyperinflation, and market prices soared.
During the period of 1949, there were about 4 million unemployed people in cities and 40 million victims in rural areas, and people's lives were extremely difficult. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), we must quickly heal the wounds of war and restore the national economy, so as to consolidate the people's political power, improve people's lives and prepare conditions for planned socialist construction and transformation.
Baidu Encyclopedia-National Economic Recovery Period