First,? Construction preparation?
The ceiling is made of light steel keel 38× 1.2, the entrance hall is made of 50× 1.2, the T-shaped aluminum alloy keel is 32× 22× 1. 1, 22×1,and the gypsum calcium silicate board is 60.
Second,? Operating conditions?
1. Release the main control line at the site according to the construction drawings. ?
2. Has the ceiling been marked according to the keel position?
Third,? Architectural technology?
Construction sequence: elastic lifting point position line? Hit the ceiling height line? Drill holes to install suspenders? Install the main keel and T-shaped main keel and small bone? Installation and acceptance of mechanical and electrical equipment? Install gypsum board?
1, according to the horizontal line of room 50, measure vertically to the ceiling design elevation with a ruler, 2.6m in the office (line 50 returns to 2. 1m, and the allowable horizontal deviation is 3 ㎜), 2.3m in the corridor (line 50 returns to 1.8m), play the ceiling elevation horizontal line around, draw the keel step line on the wall, and leave the hanger. Generally, the ceiling of the office is open to 20mm arch, the small office is open to 5mm arch, the corridors and arches are open to 2mm, and the rooms with short spans are open to 5mm arch. ?
2, play the ceiling elevation level and keel step line position, determine the derrick bottom elevation, according to the big keel position and derrick spacing, one end of the derrick without screws is welded with 40×40×4 angle yards, and the derrick is fixed with φ 8 expansion bolts. ?
3, derrick end thread exposed length should not be less than 3mm, when installing a big keel, big keel should be connected to the derrick with a pendant, and tighten the screws. The extended parts of the large keel can be connected by connectors. After installation, the big keel should be leveled. ?
4, 38 and 50 main keels should be arranged parallel to the direction of lamps and lanterns, and suspenders should avoid tuyeres and lamps and lanterns. The ceiling of the open office needs12m, and a large keel is welded on the upper part of the large keel to strengthen the lateral stability of the large keel and the integrity of the suspender. ?
5. After the installation of the middle keel is completed, after checking that the elevation, spacing, straightness and hanging load meet the design requirements, the roof installation starts from one end of the middle keel of the suspended ceiling, first install the small keel with side clips, then put the calcium silicate plate on the flange of the three-sided keel, then install the small keel on the other side, and install it in branches according to the above procedures, and finally adjust the T-shaped open keel by pulling wires. Smallpox can only be installed after the completion of professional processes such as water, electricity and air conditioning. ?
6. When the gypsum calcium silicate board meets the lamp mouth, tuyere and wall surface and needs to be cut, the reinforcement perpendicular to the back of the board should be cut neatly. Lamps and lanterns, tuyere should be adjusted so that the surrounding boards are on the same horizontal plane. Non-integral board can be slotted with planer, so that the cutting surface is downward and horizontal. After installation of corridor gypsum board, nail holes must be derusted (painted with antirust paint). ?
7, corridor, boiling water room, smoke-proof gypsum board ceiling edge keel with wooden keel, keel 20mm thick, 50mm wide. ?
Fourth, quality standards?
1. Guarantee items: the types, specifications and fixing methods of light steel keel and cover panel must meet the design requirements; Light steel keel installation must be in the right position, connected firmly and without looseness; The cover plate shall be free of defects such as delamination, warping, cracking, lack of edges and corners. , the installation must be firm without looseness. ?
2. Basic items: the suspenders, large, medium and small keels of light steel skeleton are in correct positions, straight and free from bending and deformation, and the hangers and connectors meet the requirements; The surface of the cover plate is smooth, clean, uniform in color and pollution-free. ?
3. Light steel keel: the keel spacing is 2㎜, the keel is straight 2㎜, and the level around the keel is plus or minus 2mm?
4. Cover panel: the surface is flat 2㎜, the joint is flat 2㎜, the joint height is 1㎜, and the elevation around the ceiling is plus or minus 2mm?
5. Precautions?
(1) finished product protection?
1, the installed keel is not allowed to collapse, and it is forbidden to hang other types of hangers or heavy objects on the light steel keel. ?
2. During the construction of the suspended ceiling, attention should be paid to protecting all kinds of conduits installed in the suspended ceiling. It is forbidden to fix the suspenders and keels of light steel keel on ventilation pipes and other equipment. ?
3. It is forbidden to collide and pollute the installed ceiling. ?
(2) Safety measures?
1. Safety helmet must be worn when entering the site. It is forbidden to wear slippers, high heels or enter the construction site barefoot. Smoking is prohibited on site. ?
2. The operating platform installed on the ceiling must be firmly erected. ?
3, in the process of construction, tools should be conveniently put into the tool bag, materials or tools shall not be thrown up and down, tools, electrical appliances in strict accordance with the operating procedures, to prevent injury. ?
B, wooden keel plywood wall construction?
Wooden keel plywood walls are divided into independent partition walls and single-sided wooden walls close to building walls, and their construction methods are also different, which will be introduced separately below. ?
1. Preparation process before construction?
(1) Construction conditions:?
Before the wall structure construction, the lifting of the ceiling dragon skeleton should be completed. The electrical lines that need to be connected to the wall should be laid in place, the necessary construction materials have come into play, and the tools needed for construction are the same as those for ceiling construction. ?
(2) Elastic line:?
According to the elastic line of the unilateral wooden wall of the building wall, usually according to the grading size of the wooden keel, the grid line pops up on the building wall. ?
The elastic line of independent partition wall needs to pop up the position, width and height lines of the wall on the ground and wall surface, and mark the position of the door. In other words, we can find out the reference point and baseline of construction by elastic line, so that workers can have a basis during construction. ?
③ Brush fire retardant paint:?
The wooden walls decorated indoors need to be treated with fire prevention. Fire retardant coating should be painted on the back of the wooden keel and wooden splint of the wall for three times, and the painting method can be carried out according to the method described in the first section of this chapter. ?
2. Construction by building wooden wall structure?
(1) Assembled wooden keel frame:?
Wall structure generally adopts 25*30mm wood square with groove as keel, which can be assembled on the ground. The specification of the assembled frame is usually a300 or a400 box method (a300=300*300mm, a400=400*400mm, which is the distance between the two center lines of the wooden frame). For a wall with a small area, it can be assembled into a wooden skeleton at one time and then installed and fixed on the wall. For large walls, the spliced wooden keel frame can be installed and fixed in pieces. The assembly method of wooden keel frame is the same as that of ceiling wooden keel frame. Please refer to the first section of this chapter. ?
(2) Fixation of wooden skeleton on building wall:
1) Check the flatness and verticality of the wall: check the verticality and flatness of the wall with vertical lines and horizontal lines, and mark the highest and lowest points on the wall. For the wall with flatness error within 10mm, plastering mortar can be revised again. If the error is greater than 10mm, the wall is usually not modified, but a wooden pad is added between the building wall and the wooden skeleton to ensure the flatness and verticality of the wooden skeleton. ?
2) Wedge round nail fixing method: drill holes on the building surface with 16-20mm impact drill, the drilling position should be at the intersection of elastic lines, the hole spacing is about 600mm, and the drilling depth is not less than 60 mm ... Drive the wooden wedge into the hole. For example, in wet areas or parts of the wall that are easy to be affected with damp, you can brush a wooden wedge with a tung shaft and drive it into the wall hole after drying. ?
When fixing the wooden skeleton, the skeleton should be erected and leaned against the building wall, and the verticality of the wooden skeleton should be checked by vertical method, and the flatness of the wooden skeleton should be checked by horizontal straight line method. Fix the corrected wooden skeleton. Before fixing, look at whether there is a gap between the skeleton wooden keel and the building wall. If there is a gap, first pad the gap with sawdust or wood blocks, and then nail the wooden keel with round nails and wedge it. ?
(3) Surface installation of wood plywood:?
1) Select wood plywood to separate out different colors and defective parts. Chamfering at 45 degrees on the four sides of the selected wooden splint, with a chamfer width of about 3 mm.. ?
2) Fix the wooden splint on the wooden keel with 15mm* nail or 25mm nail. It is required to distribute nails evenly, and the nail spacing is about100 mm. Usually, wooden splints with a thickness of less than 5mm are fixed with 25mm nails, and wooden splints with a thickness of about 9mm are fixed with 30-35mm nails. ?
3) There are two ways to deal with the nail head nailed into the wooden splint. One is to flatten the nail head first, and then drive the nail head into the wooden splint; The other is to nail the nail head flat with a wooden splint. After the wooden splint is completely fixed, use a pointed punch to drive the nail heads into the plane of the wooden splint one by one within the range of 1 mm ... If the yellow rust spots on the nail heads are not treated in this way, the finish will be destroyed. ?
The nail head of the nail can be directly buried in the wooden splint without further treatment. However, when using nails, it should be noted that the nail mouth should be pressed on the board first, and then the trigger should be pulled for nailing to ensure that the nail head is buried in the wooden splint. ?
(4) Nail the skirting board:?
The skirting board can be made of solid wood board or log plywood (9- 15mm). And plastic skirting boards. In recent years, in some high-grade decoration, the finished skirting line of molded plate is used. ?
The skirting line of solid wood board and thick plywood is generally fixed with nails and wooden skeleton of wall surface, and the skirting line of plastic board is fixed with screws. The template skirting line can be glued to the wooden plywood wall with all-purpose glue. ?
(5) sorting and closing?
On the base surface of plywood wall, the main types of decoration can be: paint decoration, spray decoration, wallpaper decoration, wall felt decoration, mirror decoration, stainless steel plate decoration, plastic plate decoration, artificial leather decoration and so on. Generally, wood decorative lines or stainless steel decorative lines are used for the closing and pressing lines of facing. Various coating methods will be introduced in detail in chapter 6, and sealing technology and methods will be introduced in section 7 of this chapter. ?
3. Wooden dado and windowsill?
(1) The difference between the wooden dado and the wooden wall is that the height of the wooden dado is generally only 1- 1.2m, while the wooden wall needs to be on the ceiling plane. The method of making and installing the skeleton of wood wallboard is basically the same as that of wood wallboard, but the method of nailing the panel on the surface of wallboard with modeling requirements is different. Common ones are open seam installation panel, step installation panel and layered seam installation. Before installing the panel, polish the periphery of the panel with 0 # wood sandpaper to make its edge smooth and free of burrs and flash. ?
(2) The connection between the wooden dado and the window sill is often seen in interior decoration projects, because the height of the wooden dado is usually the same as that of the window sill, and the connection between the window sill and the wooden dado makes the wooden dado have an overall effect. Otherwise, the wooden dado will feel incomplete. Common connection methods are shown in Figure 5-52. ?
4. Construction of wooden partition wall?
(1) Structural form of wooden partition wall:?
Wooden partitions are divided into fully enclosed partitions, including doors and windows partitions and semi-high partitions, and their structural forms are different. ?
1) Big wooden box: The wooden partition wall of this structure usually adopts a big wooden box of 50*80mm or 50* 100mm, and the frame size is about 500 square box or 500*800mm rectangular box, and then a 4-5mm thick wooden splint is used as the base plate. This structure is mostly used for partition walls with higher and wider walls (Figure 5-53). ?
2) Small wooden square double-layer frame: In order to make the wooden partition wall have a certain thickness, two frames are often made of 25*30mm wooden squares with grooves, each frame is a300 or a400, and then the two frames are connected by wooden square rails. The width of the wall is usually around 150 mm?
3) Single-story small wooden square frame:?
This structure is generally assembled with 25*30mm wood squares with grooves. The frame is 300mm, which is the same as the wooden skeleton of the wall and ceiling. This kind of structural wood partition wall is mostly used for fully enclosed partition or ordinary half-height partition with a height less than 3 m?
(2) Fixation of partition wall:
1) elastic line punching:?
The width line and center line of the partition wall will pop up on the ground and building wall where the wooden partition wall needs to be fixed. At the same time, draw the position of the fixed point. Usually at intervals of 300-400mm, drill holes on the center line with a 7.8mm or φ 10.8mm drill bit, with a depth of about 45 mm, and insert M6 or M8 expansion bolts into the holes. Pay attention to the position of the hole should be staggered with the vertical wood square of the skeleton. If it is fixed with a wooden wedge nail, it is necessary to make a hole with a diameter of about 20 and a hole depth of about 50mm, and then drive a wooden wedge into the hole. ?
2) Fixed wooden skeleton:?
There are several ways to fix wooden skeleton, but in interior decoration engineering, the principle of not destroying the original building structure is usually followed to deal with the skeleton fixing work. Fixed wooden skeletons are usually located along the wall, along the ground and along the top surface. Before fixing the wooden skeleton, draw a line on the wooden skeleton according to the position of the fixed point on the ground corresponding to the top surface of the wall, and mark the position of the fixed point. If fixed with expansion bolts, holes should be punched at the marked fixing points. The diameter of the hole is slightly larger than that of the expansion bolt. ?
For the half-height partition wall, it is mainly fixed by the ground and the building wall at the end. If the end of the short partition wall cannot be fixed with the wall, the end is often reinforced with iron pieces. ?
For all kinds of vertical wooden squares of wooden partition walls, the method of iron reinforcement is adopted, otherwise the wooden partition wall will have a great vibration due to the opening and closing vibration of the door, which will make the door frame loose and the wooden partition wall loose. ?
3) Connection between partition wall and ceiling:?
For example, the top of the partition wall is not a building structure, but is in contact with the ceiling, and its treatment method depends on different ceiling structures. ?
For partition walls without doors, when contacting with aluminum alloy keel ceiling or light steel keel ceiling, only small and straight gaps are required. When in contact with the wooden keel ceiling, the wooden keel of the ceiling should be nailed to the top keel of the partition wall. If there is a seam between the two, it should be padded before nailing. ?
For partition walls with doors, the top should also be fixed considering the vibration of the opening and closing doors and the collision of people coming and going. The fixing method is as follows: the vertical keel of the wooden partition should pass through the ceiling surface, at least the top of the vertical keel of the door frame should pass through the ceiling surface, and then be fixed with the top surface of the building floor above the ceiling surface. Inclined brace is a common fixing method. The diagonal brace can be wood square or angle iron, and the included angle between the diagonal brace and the top surface of the building floor is 60 degrees. The inclined support and the top surface of the building floor can be fixed with wooden wedge nails or expansion bolts. ?
4) fix the wooden partition board:?
There are two main ways to fix the wooden splint on the partition wall: open seam fixing and flat-fell seam fixing. Open seam fixing refers to leaving a seam with a certain width between two plates. If there is no provision in the construction drawing, the joint width should be 8-10 mm. If there is no pad at the open joint, the surface of the wooden keel should be planed, and the width of the open joint should be the same from top to bottom. When sawing wood plywood, the straightness and dimensional accuracy of the kerf should be guaranteed by the guide rule, and the edge should be trimmed with #0 wood sandpaper. When flat-fell seam is fixed, the four sides of the front of the wood plywood should be chamfered, so as to fill the gaps between the wood plywood in the future basic treatment. Its edge chamfer is 450*3. Nailing method is the same as wooden wall. ?
5) Closing and Closing:?
The decorative surface of wooden keel frame partition is generally wood paint, wood wallpaper, wood spraying and wall veneer. The closing position of the partition wall is mainly between the ceiling surface, the building wall and the partition wall and its own doors and windows. ?
(3) the structure and practice of wooden partition doors and windows:
1) Door frame structure:?
The door frame in the wooden partition is based on the vertical wooden squares on both sides of the partition door opening, with wooden block frames, decorative plates or decorative lines. The vertical wood square of the partition door opening of the big wood square skeleton is large, and the wood square of its gearbox can be directly fixed on the vertical wood square. For the partition wall with small wood square double-layer frame, because of its small wood square, it is necessary to nail a piece of plywood or solid wood board with a thickness of 12mm at the inside of the door first, and then fix the enclosure frame on the thick plywood. ?
There are many structural forms of door frame wrapping, such as thick plywood and wood line wrapping, stepped wrapping, large wood line wrapping and so on. Generally, the door frame edge panel or wood line is fixed with nails, and the nails should be buried. ?
2) Window frame structure:?
The window frame in the wooden partition is reserved when the wooden partition is made, and then the edge is pressed or positioned with wooden splint and wood line. There are two kinds of windows with wooden partition walls: fixed windows use wooden strips to position the glass plate in the window frame, and the fan type of movable windows is basically the same as that of ordinary movable windows. ?
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