We should walk carefully when hiking
When we walk, we should not think about how to walk at the same time, but take walking as the purpose and walk carefully. I just started training to walk. On the flat ground, I have to walk for at least 15 minutes. When we practice walking fast, we will breathe faster and sweat, and our calves, soles and ventral sides will ache. When you feel pain in a certain part of your body, you often stop walking. In fact, walking is like running a race, which requires skill.
Sometimes walking away from the road will make your feet ache after a long time. There are many reasons, which may be caused by shoes, socks and walking methods. Walking is a good sport. When people didn't invent cars, they used their feet as transportation tools. Walking can train foot muscles to be strong and promote health. If you have confidence in your walking and health, you might as well leave the road and take a walk on the wild mountain road. (Of course, you should avoid going to the construction site and enjoy the fun of cutting through the thorns. Originally, people came out of the road. )
It's also fun to take a long walk. Don't take the same road often. You might as well take a long walk and look around, because there are different changes due to different climates and seasons. Sometimes you might as well stop and observe, maybe you will find something new. Walking in the wild for a long time, it is best to move at the same speed.
don't forget to restore the original appearance of nature in the wild
The most important thing to survive in the wild is to cultivate an eye for observing nature. Human beings have the same instinct for survival as animals and plants. Although there is no communication language between animals and plants in nature, they are closely related to each other. If we observe carefully, we can understand other creatures and treat them equally without hurting them.
it is very important not to disturb the balance of nature in the wild. Animals and plants in nature keep a delicate balance with each other. A small open space, it seems that there is no life on the surface, but in fact, life is active there. When you are in contact with nature, don't destroy this balance, don't break flowers and trees, and don't catch birds and animals. Enjoy nature and obey the rules.
also, you must learn one thing-restore the original features of nature before leaving. Sometimes we see people leaving dirty garbage, empty cans, piled plastic bags and leftover fish soup in the dark, which is unsightly. Therefore, don't forget to preserve the original features of nature, dispose of garbage, bury temporary toilets and take away non-combustible plastic bags, so that later people can enjoy clean nature.
In the forest, there are several things to pay attention to: don't touch the bird's nest, don't cut corners to dangerous places, don't make a loud noise, don't pick flowers and plants, don't get close to animals with young children, and don't shout casually.
knowledge of survival in the wild
Finding water and collecting water
Life can't live without water. Normal people can live for three weeks without food, but they can't live for three days without water, so water should be given priority. Here are some tips to help you find or collect water quickly in the wild.
1. The first choice for finding water is the bottom of the valley. In high mountain areas, water should be found along the rock cracks, and springs are often dug in the sandy areas of dry river beds.
2. On the coast, a pit should be dug above the highest waterline, and it is likely that a layer of submerged water with a thickness of about 5 cm will float on the dense seawater layer. 3. When drinking the water in the concave water, it must be disinfected and precipitated before boiling.
4. rainwater collection: digging a hole in the ground, spreading a layer of plastic and surrounding it with clay can effectively collect rainwater.
5. condensed water: put a plastic bag on a twig with dense leaves, and the leaf surface transpiration will produce condensed water.
6. You can find the water source by following the trail of animals, birds, insects or humans.
7. Take water from plants: hollow plants such as bamboo often have water in their internodes, vines often have drinkable juice, and the fruits and stems of palm and cactus plants are rich in water.
8. Solar distiller: In arid desert areas, water can be collected well by the following methods: digging a pit with a width of about 9cm and a depth of 45cm on the relatively humid ground, placing a water collector in the center of the bottom of the pit, and hanging an arc-shaped plastic film on the surface of the pit. Light energy raises the temperature of moist soil and air in the pit, and evaporates to produce water vapor, which condenses into water droplets when contacting with plastic film and slides down into the vessel.
wild fire of survival skills in the wild
What can fire do? Cook the food. Bingo!
It also has many uses:
The flame releases heat to produce warmth, which will save the heat loss in the body; Can dry clothes; Smoked meat can be kept fresh for a long time; Can scare away dangerous beasts; Its smoke can drive away pests and forge metal tools ... Awesome, I'll teach you a few tricks to learn how to live in wild fire. The first thing is to find flammable kindling: such as dried grass, dried leaves, birch bark, pine needles, turpentine, twigs, paper, cotton and so on. Secondly, pick up dry wood: dry wood should be selected from dry and uncorrupted trunks or branches. Try to choose hardwood such as pine, oak, oak, birch, locust tree, mountain cherry and apricot as much as possible, which will burn for a long time, cause a big fire and contain a lot of charcoal. Don't pick up firewood close to the ground. The firewood close to the ground is humid, difficult to burn and smoky. The next step is to clear out an open space that is sheltered from the wind and flat, away from hay and dry wood. Place the kindling in the middle, gently put fine pine branches, fine dry firewood, etc. on it, then set up a larger and longer firewood, and then light the kindling. The setting of the fire should be adapted to local conditions, and it can be designed as cone, star, parallel, side by side, roof, pasture and so on. You can also use stones to support dry firewood or lean it against the rock wall under the rock wall, and then place a leading figure under it and light it. Under normal circumstances, dig a pit with a diameter of about 1 meter and a depth of about 3 cm in the shelter. If the ground is hard enough to dig a hole, you can also find some stones to form a circle, and the size of the circle depends on the size of the fire. Then put the leader in the middle of the circle, put some dry wood on it, and ignite the leader to ignite the dry wood to form a bonfire. If the kindling is about to burn out before the dry wood is ignited, you should continue to add kindling from the gap of the dry wood until the dry wood is burned, instead of re-lighting the wood. Finally, it is best to light a bonfire near the water, or prepare some mud, sand, moss, etc. beside the bonfire for timely fire extinguishing.
Sleeping bags for survival skills in the wild
Sleeping in sleeping bags is skillful. People who can't "sleep" will feel cold even if they use a cold sleeping bag (MINUS 35 degrees) at a low temperature (MINUS 5 degrees). So how can they sleep warmer? When using a sleeping bag, there are many external factors that affect the performance of the sleeping bag. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself is not hot, but it only effectively reduces the body temperature loss. The following conditions will help you sleep warmer.
▲ Shelter from wind and moisture In the wild, a shelter from wind can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a camp, don't choose the valley bottom, which is the gathering place of cold air, and try to avoid the ridges or valleys that bear strong winds. A good damp-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground, and the inflatable effect is better. Two ordinary damp-proof pads are needed in the snow.
▲ Keep the sleeping bag dry. The water absorbed by the sleeping bag is not mainly from the outside, but from the human body. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still expel at least a small cup of water when sleeping. Thermal insulation cotton will bond and lose its elasticity after being wetted, and its thermal insulation ability will decrease. If the sleeping bag is used continuously for several days, it is best to dry it in the sun. Frequent cleaning of sleeping bags can keep the thermal insulation cotton elastic.
▲ Wear more clothes. Some soft clothes can also be used as thick pajamas. Filling the gap between people and sleeping bags can also enhance the warmth of sleeping bags.
▲ Warm-up before going to bed is the heat source of sleeping bag. If you do a short warm-up exercise or drink a hot drink before going to bed, your body temperature will be slightly raised and it will help shorten the warming time of sleeping bag.
A standing first aid kit for survival skills in the wild
In the wild, no one can predict what will happen. A first aid kit can prolong your life, so be sure to carry it with you. The first aid kit contains the following items for basic first aid:
① Bandages are of different widths and materials to deal with different areas and types of injuries.
Generally, there are: gauze scroll bandage: suitable for treating common wounds, mainly used for fixing dressings. Elastic scroll bandage: elastic, it can be used not only to treat wounds, but also to treat common injuries such as strain, sprain and varicose veins, so as to fix injured limbs and reduce swelling. Triangular bandage: Triangular bandage can be used in full width or folded into bandages with different widths. Usually used as a hand hanging to support the upper limbs.
② The dressing is made of several layers of gauze with flexible texture. Mainly used to cover wounds and absorb secretions; Wounds with more bleeding and secretions can be thickened and covered.
③ dressing bag The dressing bag consists of a cotton pad and a scroll bandage. Cover the wound with a cotton pad (dressing) and then fix it with the attached scroll bandage.
④ Disinfectant potion Introduce the uses of several commonly used disinfectant potions:
1. Gentian violet (purple potion): accelerate wound scabbing and wound healing.
2. mercuric chloride (mercuric chloride): it protects the wound and has antibacterial effect.
3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds. Can not be used for disinfection of broken wounds.
4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucous membranes or broken wounds.
⑤ clean cotton balls are used to clean wounds, and they are dipped in disinfectant when used.
⑥ disinfection tape: it is usually used to treat small wounds. Before sticking the adhesive tape, you must ensure that the skin around the wound is dry and clean, otherwise it cannot be stuck firmly.
⑦ adhesive tape: used to fix dressing, scroll bandage or triangular bandage
⑧ various pills: such as Contac, Ganmaotong, Berberine, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet, Bilitong, Huoxiang Zhengqi, pills, stomach medicine, etc.
⑨ Snake medicine: vacuum extractor, Shanghai snake medicine and Ji Desheng snake medicine
. For example, I usually get into the habit of referring to maps and compasses at any time, and at the same time actively observe the surrounding terrain and plants around me to judge the correct position.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is the most basic way to identify the direction. You can also use the wooden stick shadow method to measure. When the sun is enough to form a shadow, erect a straight stick (more than 1 meter) on the flat ground and put a stone (or other marks) on the top of the wooden stick shadow. The shadow of the wooden stick will move with the movement of the sun. After 3-6 minutes, put another stone on the shadow top of the stick again. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, and draw a straight line perpendicular to it in the middle of this line. Then step on the first mark with your left foot and the second mark with your right foot. At this time, the front of the standing person is due north, the back is due south, the right hand is east, and the left hand is west. If you get lost on a cloudy day, you can know your orientation by the growth state of moss on trees or stones. In terms of trees in the northern hemisphere, the side where leaves flourish is the south. If the trees are cut, the side with wide annual rings and wet moss is the north.
Use the stars:
In the northern hemisphere, Polaris is usually the target. The key to using Polaris to identify the direction at night lies in finding Polaris accurately in the vast sea of stars. There are many ways to know Polaris. Here is a simple and effective one:
First, look for the dipper-shaped Big Dipper, and extend the interval between two stars on the dipper handle by five times, and you can find Polaris on this straight line. Generally speaking, the stars on these two handles are called the key planets. If you can't see the Big Dipper, look for the constellation Xianhou in the opposite direction. The constellation Xianhou is formed by five stars, which look like the shape of the English letter M or W leaning to one side. Draw a straight line from a star in the constellation Xianhou, and you can find Polaris at almost the same distance as the Big Dipper to Polaris. The direction of Polaris is due north.
Look at the direction with a watch:
I want to know the direction, but I don't have a compass. In this case, as long as there is the sun, you can use the watch to find out the position.
Put the matchstick upright on the ground, then put the watch horizontally on the ground, and overlap the shadow of the matchstick with the short hand. The middle between the 12 o'clock direction on the surface and the scale pointed by the short hand is the south, and the opposite side is the north. If you don't have matches, you can also use twigs to make the shadow more accurate. If you are engaged in challenging survival activities, remember to wear a watch. At this time, an ordinary watch is more valuable than a digital watch. Because the hour hand and minute hand on the ordinary watch will become an important tool for survival when necessary.
survival in the wild means that people live in the jungle of Shan Ye without accommodation. Special forces, scouts, airborne troops, marines, soldiers who lost contact with the troops in the battle, and wrecked aircrew, in isolated enemy lines or unfamiliar wilderness jungles and islands, need the bottom-up skills in the field even more when the instruments are cut off. Here are some simple common sense of survival in the wild.
1. Using natural features to determine the direction
Soldiers should master some methods to determine the direction by using natural features without topographic maps, compass and other standard equipment.
It's very simple to determine the orientation by using the sun
You can use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and put a stone at the vertex A of the shadow of the pole; After about 1 minutes, when the vertex of the post shadow moves to B, put another stone. Connect points A and B into a straight line, and the direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the AB line is the north-south direction, and the end facing the sun is the south.
use the pointer watch to determine the direction of the sun. The method is: the watch is placed horizontally, and the position indicated by the hour hand (24-hour clock) is halved towards the sun, and the direction indicated by the 12 o'clock on the dial is roughly north. If it is 16 o'clock now, the 8 o'clock scale of the watch points to the sun, and the 12 o'clock scale refers to the north.
when the weather is clear at night, you can use Polaris to determine the direction. Looking for the North Star, we must first find the constellation Ursus (what we call the Big Dipper). The constellation consists of seven stars, and it starts like a spoon. When the Big Dipper is found, along the line connecting the two stars A and B on the spoon edge, it extends to the direction of the spoon mouth about five times the interval between the two stars A and B. A brighter star is Polaris. The direction indicated by Polaris is the north. You can also use the constellation Andromeda opposite to the Big Dipper to find the North Star. The constellation Cassiopeia consists of five stars with the same brightness as the Big Dipper, and is shaped like W. In front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, about twice the width of the whole gap, you can find the Polaris.
it is a subsidy method to determine the orientation by using the features of ground objects. When using, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Independent trees usually have lush foliage and smooth bark in the south. The annual ring line on the stump is usually thin in the south and dense in the north. The main doors of houses, windows and temples in rural areas usually face south. The snow in buildings, mounds, ridges and highlands usually melts quickly in the south and slowly in the north. Large rocks, mounds and trees are densely covered with vegetation in the south, while moss is easy to grow in the north.
when you are lost in the wild, don't panic, but stop immediately, always calmly recall the road you have traveled, and try to do everything possible.