Showed unparalleled bravery in the battle
Guns and bullets, one hand armed with live ammunition, angry words and swords, sharpening guns when cold feet.
No bullets, no food, no bullets, no rain, no pearls, no bullets.
Knife, sword, shadow, mountain, sea of fire, cow, knife, knife, knife, knife, heart, knife.
The sword is at war, shining, full of honey and angry.
Learning from the past, I lost the waterwheel, lost the pawn, protected the car, stopped the car, learned five cars and built a car behind closed doors.
The flag is victorious, the flag is dead, the flag is reloaded, and the flag is raised.
Drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum.
A bird with a bow, a bow, a snake, a shadow, a bird, a bow, a bow.
Stay away from cold feet and be prepared for cold feet.
Ever victorious, three wars and three north, a quick victory, a thousand miles to the death, a war in the south and a war in the north, can be used to fight.
Battle-hardened, bloody battle.
China Idioms and Military History and Culture
Idioms are fixed phrases, which are used for a long time, concise and colorful. There are idioms in all languages. The structure of Chinese idioms is the same, mostly composed of four words. The structure is solidified, and the word order and composition cannot be changed at will. The meaning of Chinese idioms is holistic, which is usually not a simple sum of the meanings of its components, but a summary of the overall meaning on the basis of the meanings of its components. Idioms generally have a source. Throughout the ages, people have created many verbal works in the process of using language to communicate. Some of the most expressive phrases have been repeatedly quoted or processed, and gradually shaped and solidified into idioms. In Chinese, there are many idioms from ancient times, which have been used to this day. For example, the word "giving orders" first appeared in Shangshu. Many ancient idioms in China were produced in military activities. 1996 65438+ 10, Long March Publishing House published 7500 words of military idioms written by Tong Yubin, which is the largest dictionary of military idioms so far. Idioms derived from military activities not only enrich Chinese vocabulary, but also condense military history and culture into "language fossils" because of their stable structure. There are mainly the following idioms originated from military activities in Chinese:
(A) reflect the ancient military thought
China's military thought has a long history. From about 2 1 century BC, China's ancient armies and wars appeared, and ancient military thoughts gradually formed. For example, in Zuo Zhuan's art of war, there are some discourses, such as "Quit after knowing difficulties", "Virtue can't be attacked" and "The ancestors had a heart to rob others". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China entered the feudal society, and military thoughts began to flourish, resulting in a large number of military works. From the end of the 3rd century BC to the Qing Dynasty, China experienced more than a dozen feudal dynasties, during which military thoughts continued to develop and military theoretical works emerged one after another. According to statistics, from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, China published more than 2,300 kinds of military books. The written products of these military theories not only record rich ancient military thoughts, but also provide a language basis for the formation and development of military idioms. From the Chinese idioms still in use today, we can still see many idioms reflecting ancient military thoughts. For example, "using troops by surprise" is one of the operational guiding principles put forward by Lao Dan, a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period. The original opinion of Laozi means that when leading troops to fight, we should not stick to the routine, but use ingenious methods and troop deployment to defeat the enemy. "Attacking hard" and "learning from defects" are the operational guiding ideology put forward by Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period. See "the division of pipes", the original intention is that attacking the enemy's strengths will encounter difficulties, while attacking the enemy's weaknesses will be easy to succeed; "Upward action and downward effect" is a military principle put forward by Sun Wu, a famous strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. Looking at Sun Tzu's plan and attack, it means that it is the best way to make the enemy yield by military tactics. "All is fair in war" is also a military thought put forward by Sun Wu. He believes that when fighting soldiers, you must use tricks to achieve your goals. "Looking ahead and looking back" and "Retreating despite difficulties" are strategic ideas put forward by Wu Qi, a strategist in the Warring States Period. See Woods, predict the enemy second. The original intention is not to engage the enemy under unfavorable strategic circumstances. "Enriching Qiang Bing" is a strategic concept put forward by Sun Bin, a strategist in the Warring States Period. See Sun Bin's The Art of War Qiang Bing, which means that a strong country can make the army strong. "Combining rigidity with softness" is a strategic idea put forward in the military work "The Book of the King" in the pre-Qin period, which originally meant to improvise and skillfully cooperate with courage in military operations; "Destroying the enemy due to the situation" is a military thought put forward in the military work "Three Views on Huang Shigong" in Han Dynasty. The original intention is to break the enemy according to the situation; "Impermanence of victory and defeat" is a military thought put forward in the Ming Dynasty's military work "Talking about Pen and Skin", which originally meant that victory and defeat in war are not fixed and can be transformed into each other. These idioms are refined expressions of ancient military thoughts.
(2) Summarize the ancient art of war.
Many China idioms come from ancient operational strategies and Sun Tzu's Art of War. For example, idioms from Sun Tzu, a military work in the Spring and Autumn Period, include: correspondence between the beginning and the end, waiting for merit, avoiding reality and attacking the virtual, luring troops without pressing the enemy, avoiding their spirits, and so on; Idioms from Woods, a military work in the Warring States period, include: taking the lead, beating the few, using the right according to the shape, etc. Idioms from Sima Fa, a military work of the Warring States Period, include: show the public that you are a widow and just sit still because you don't avoid, escape, and so on; Idioms from Sun Bin's military works during the Warring States Period include: leaving the camp, deviating from the rules, taking the difference as strange, taking the guest as the master, taking life as life, taking life as killing, etc. Idioms from Wei Liaozi, a military work of the Warring States Period, include: don't show, show, gather in front, the last stop, etc. The idioms in Liu Tao, a military work in the Warring States period, include: external chaos, internal consolidation, high-level lure, grasping and attacking, turning defeat into victory, dividing and converging attack, and so on. Thirty-six Plans is a typical military work in Ming Dynasty. Almost every tactical name has entered the treasure house of China idioms, such as: crossing the sea from the sky, killing people with a knife, waiting for an opportunity, taking advantage of the fire, making a diversion, getting the first move, sneaking into the warehouse, watching the fire from the other side, hiding the knife in it, pretending to be a peach, stealing, scaring snakes, reviving corpses, and so on. These idioms have long been familiar to people.
(3) Concentrate the famous ancient war cases
There are many famous examples of war in China's ancient military works. The names of these examples or the main tactics adopted are condensed into a four-word format and recorded. Over time, it evolved into an idiom, which is still in use today. For example, the idiom "wai Wei to save Zhao" comes from the Battle of Guiling during the Warring States Period. According to Records of the Historian and Biographies of Sun Tzu's Art of War and Wuqi, in the fifteenth year of King Xian of Zhou (353 BC), Wei Huiwang sent general Pang Juan to attack Handan, the capital of Zhao, with 80,000 troops. Zhao asked Qi for help. Qi took Tian Ji as the main commander and Sun Bin as the strategist, and led 80,000 troops to save Zhao. Sun Bin adopted the strategy of besieging Weidu Girder to save Zhao, forcing Wei Jun to leave Handan to save the country, and Zhao was saved. Since then, people have called this military strategy of encircling the enemy's rear strongholds and forcing them to withdraw their troops "encircling Wei to save Zhao". For another example, the idiom "cheat and kill Guo" comes from the war of Jin against Guo and Yu in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to "Zuo Zhuan Nuo Five Years", in the 19th year of the week (658 BC), the State of Jin asked the State of Yu for a way to let the army of the State of Jin cross the border to attack the State of Guo, and the State of Yu agreed to this request. As a result, the State of Jin defeated the State of Guo and destroyed the State of Yu on the way back to the division. Later, people used this idiom to describe the plan to destroy the country in the name of Tao. For another example, it originated from the battle of Changshao in Qi Lu in the early Spring and Autumn Period, from the alliance under the city in the early Spring and Autumn Period, from the battle of Chengpu in Chu Jin in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, from the battle of Ma Ling in the Qi and Wei Dynasties in the Warring States Period, from the battle of Liu Bang against the state of Chu in the early Han Dynasty, and from the battle of Zhao Jing in the early Han Dynasty.
④ Describe ancient military activities.
In China's military idioms, there are many vivid descriptions of ancient military activities. For example, idioms describing the position of the army include: White Lotus Sect, Yellow Pheasant, strict barriers, strong horse array, Jincheng Tang Di, thousands of troops, stop whipping for war, and so on; Idioms describing the fighting situation include: being attacked by the enemy between Scylla and Charybdis, being the first to bear the brunt, being attacked on all sides, the last battle, hand-to-hand combat, borrowing one from the back of the city, going step by step, going straight ahead, destroying everything, staying put, giving up all ammunition, turning your back on the enemy, sweeping an army, firing a golden bell and withdrawing troops, etc. Idioms describing the war-torn landscape are: smoke everywhere, flames soaring, bullets raining, shuddering, even war, belligerence and so on; Idioms describing soldiers' actions are: perseverance, charging ahead, single-handedly, strengthening Qiang Bing, preparing horses and so on; Idioms describing military technology are: a hundred paces pierce the Yang, a hundred shots hit the target, no bullets are fired, no arrows are fired, and luck changes. Idioms describing the victorious division are: invincible, bloodless, victorious, invincible, invincible, invincible, invincible, chasing death, sweeping the army, invincible in the world, winning the flag, invincible, sweeping the world and so on; Idioms to describe a defeated teacher are: vulnerable, defeated, defeated, abandoned, completely annihilated, stragglers, defeated, like running water, completely annihilated, collapsed at the touch of a button, scattered birds and animals, cornered, and fled. Idioms describing soldiers' military virtues include: being a teacher, being strong as a teacher, being humble before a soldier, not being frightened by a dagger, not committing a crime in autumn, being buried by a horse, taking the lead, dying, being indomitable and so on.