Huizhou people pay attention to "no mountains, no water, no residence" and attach importance to the coordination of housing layout and surrounding environment. Most of the residential houses are located between green mountains and green waters, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and complement each other with pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, towers, squares and other buildings, forming a beautiful picture of "small bridges and flowing people". The harmonious combination of white walls and blue tiles, horse-headed walls, brick and wood stone carvings, overlapping courtyards, high eaves, winding paths and pavilions constitutes the keynote of Huizhou architecture. Huizhou ancient dwellings are large in scale, reasonable in structure, coordinated in layout, fresh and elegant in style, especially the bricks, wood and stone carvings decorated on door covers, window lintels, beams and beams and window sashes, with exquisite craftsmanship, diverse forms and realistic shapes.
In ancient Huizhou, the wind of respecting ancestors prevailed, and ancestral halls were built in every village, with ancestral halls, branches and families. According to records, "Xin' an people live together and have no mixed surnames. "Its wind is recent. In and out of the teeth, the surname is unified by the ancestral temple. When I was old, I was in Rafe, and all the surnames in the village got together and sacrificed the gifts from Zhu Wengong's family. " The ancestral hall is large in scale, and the family hall is small and exquisite, forming a group of ancestral halls with simple style, which can be called the museum of feudal patriarchal clan system in China. In ancient Huizhou, famous families built and expanded temples, and the scale was better than that of Qionglou Yuyu to show the prosperity of the family. Luodong Book Temple in Chengkan is a national key cultural relic protection unit, which integrates "antiquity, elegance, beauty and greatness". Other famous ancestral temples include the Hu Ancestral Hall in Longchuan, the Dear Hall in Yixian, and the Qingyi Hall in Tang Yue (a rare sacred place for women).
In ancient Huizhou, the style of writing was prosperous and the education was developed. There were many people who "entered the official with talents and lived the world with writing". In order to publicize feudal ethics, commend officials' achievements, dutiful sons, dutiful men, good wives and good mothers, Huizhou people often adopt the way of "building archways" to show their glory and be immortal. The ancient archway is rigorous in structure, reasonable in layout and grand in scale; Every beam workshop and every mosaic are in line with the strength, and they are particular about site selection, modeling, sculpture, materials and so on. The archway has different shapes, exquisite carvings, sloping eaves and upturned corners, and is magnificent. These magnificent archways are telling the story of loyalty, filial piety and righteousness to tourists.
Characteristics of Huizhou architecture
1. In terms of layout characteristics, the layout of Huizhou architecture generally conforms to the natural landscape, including the transition of buildings and the ups and downs of floors. This makes the order of Huizhou architecture attached to the natural landscape. The flexibility of patio and the simplicity of single form in Huizhou architecture make architecture and nature more harmonious.
2. In terms of image characteristics, except for ancestral halls, memorial archways and landscape buildings, the images of most buildings in Huizhou, such as residential buildings, are combined by the horse-head wall of the national powder wall, which loses individual personality. This makes the rhythm of group combination in Huizhou architectural image more prominent.
3. As far as its exquisite brick, wood and stone carving techniques are concerned, from the door cover of the entrance door, the brick carving on the eight-character wall, to the wood carving and painting on the railing of the beam frame, and the stone carving on the steps and columns, all of them are exquisite. Generally speaking, if we have seen three sculptures in Huizhou architecture and look at similar sculptures in other parts of China, we will always feel careless.
4. Huizhou "its wind is closest to ancient times". The spiritual characteristics of Huizhou culture more reflect the order, honesty, calmness and tranquility of Confucian ethics. If the characteristics of Suzhou architectural gardens are like the "romantic style" summarized by Tang Xianzu.
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