1. Central office
The State of Qin set up a central organization consisting of the Prime Minister, Qiu and an ancient scholar. The prime minister is in charge of administration, Qiu is in charge of military affairs, and the censor is in charge of supervision and secretarial work. Generally speaking, the Han dynasty followed the Qin system and called it "three publics", with nine ministers in charge of all aspects of government affairs, which later evolved into a system of three provinces and six departments. The three provinces are Zhongshu (decision-making), Menxia (deliberation) and Shangshu (implementation), and the governors of the three provinces are all prime ministers. In the Song Dynasty, the authority of Zhongshu Province was expanded, and the civil and military powers were divided with the Privy Council, and Xiamen and Shangshu Province were abolished. The cabinet of the Ming Dynasty was the highest administrative body, with the minister as assistant minister and the chief minister as video (that is, prime minister). In the military department of the Qing Dynasty, Wang, Gong and Shang Shu were ministers of military aircraft, who were in charge of state affairs.
The six departments refer to the "official department, which is in charge of the appointment, removal, assessment and promotion of officials; The Ministry is responsible for land registration, taxation and finance; Ritual department, in charge of ceremonies, science, schools and other things; Ministry of war, in charge of military affairs; The penal department, in charge of judicial prisons; The Ministry of Industry is in charge of engineering construction, water conservancy and other matters. " The minister is a minister and the deputy minister is an assistant minister. There are practitioners, deputy foreign ministers and subordinate officials in charge.
The temple is the official office. Jiu Si is Jiuqing's official position. In the Han Dynasty, Taichang, Guangluxun, Weiwei, Taifu, Tingwei, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu were called the Nine-Temple Qing Dynasty. There have been slight changes in the past dynasties, all due to the Qing Dynasty.
(1) Guanglu Temple: in charge of court guards and attendants, catering tents after the Northern Qi Dynasty and catering after the Tang Dynasty.
(2) Taibu Temple: The matter of herding horses began in the Northern Qi Dynasty and was incorporated into the Ministry of War when Guangxu reformed the official system.
(3) Taichang Temple: Qin Feng is too common, Han Dynasty is too common, and ancestral temple etiquette is in charge. It was not until the Northern Qi Dynasty that Taichang Temple was established, and it was not abolished.
(4) Zong Zheng Temple: the ancestral home in Ming and Qing Dynasties, in charge of the clan affairs of the Emperor.
(5) Dali Temple: in charge of the trial of criminal prison cases, Tingwei in Qin and Han Dynasties, Dali Temple in Northern Qi Dynasty and Dali Courtyard in Qing Dynasty.
(6) Weiwei Temple: the head guards stationed troops, and the Beiqi changed to Weiwei Temple, and the Sui Dynasty changed ceremonial weapons and tents, and abandoned them in the open, with clear ceremonies and guards.
(7) crack hon temple: Qin Yue temple guest, Han crack hon temple, palm praise guide ceremony. Hong, sound, biography, praise and guidance, so it is called Honghong. When I arrived in Beiqi, it was called Split Temple, and it didn't waste.
(8) Shaofu Temple: in charge of Shanze affairs, then in charge of the treasures of clothes in the palace, and changed to a prison in the Sui Dynasty, which was abolished in the Ming Dynasty.
(9) Taifu Hall: that is, the big sinong in charge of money, money and silk.
In addition, the central government also has specialized agencies and officials responsible for managing books, editing history and making calendars. For example, Sima Qian and Zhang Heng served as Taishiling. Gao Qi edited The History of Hanlin.
2. Local official positions
The main administrative areas in Qin and Han Dynasties were counties. Chief, Qin said chief, Korea said satrap. The main administrative area of Sui and Tang Dynasties was Zhou, which was called the secretariat by state officials, and its subordinate officials were Chang Shi and Sima. In some military towns in the Tang Dynasty. Our time has been set up, and the officials include marching Sima, staff officer and secretary in charge. In Song Dynasty, state officials were called breg and county officials were called breg. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the state was changed to the government, which was called the magistrate.
In addition, there were also counties in the Han Dynasty, and the world was divided into more than a dozen counties, all of which were basically monitoring areas. The central government sent officials to spy on the situation, calling it a secretariat. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were more than a dozen roads in China, also called prison areas. The central government sent officials to inspect them. These officials were called ambassadors. In the Song Dynasty, the whole country was divided into about twenty roads, and several departments were responsible for all aspects. In the Yuan Dynasty, the highest local administrative organization was called the book province in China, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed the Chengxuan Bureaucracy Department, and it is still called "province" in custom.
After the emergence of the system of "three provinces and six departments", the promotion and appointment of officials are all in the charge of the official department. The following words are commonly used in the appointment, removal and promotion of official positions: (1) Bye-bye. Grant a certain official position or a position with certain etiquette. (2) in addition. Admiring an official position is to grant an official position. (3) ".Promote to a higher position and make a fortune. (4) moving. Official transfer includes promotion, demotion and lateral transfer. (5) Chen. Demote officials or transfer them to remote areas. (6) "Hu" and "strike, exemption and seizure" are both dismissed from office. (7) Go ahead. There are three kinds of dismissal: resignation, transfer and dismissal. Resignation and transfer belong to the general situation and official position adjustment, and dismissal is a demotion to people. (8) begging for bones. Ask for resignation and retirement when you are old.
The title of title is the title of title and title, which was awarded by the ancient emperor to nobles and nobles.
The prime minister is the highest official position in the feudal bureaucracy, and he is the person who manages state affairs according to the will of the monarch. Sometimes called, often called Prime Minister, referred to as "Xiang".
One surname refers to two official positions. First, in ancient times, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three fairs". Later, most of them were senior officials, indicating that they were favored without real duties. Secondly, in ancient times, it was also called Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao as the "Three Divisions of the East Palace", all of whom were the teachers of the Prince. Taishi is the abbreviation of Taishi Prince, and later it gradually became a virtual title.
Shangshu was originally an official in charge of the memorial. There were six departments in the Sui Dynasty, and six departments in the Tang Dynasty were designated as officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers. Shangshu and Assistant Minister were the main officials and adjutants.
Bachelor's degree was the official position in charge of etiquette department and editing in Wei and Jin Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, he referred to Hanlin as a bachelor, became the emperor's secretary and adviser, and participated in confidential affairs, so he was called "the inner phase". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although they were also academicians of Hanlin, such as serving orders, reading, giving lectures, editing and editing, Jishi Shu, their status and responsibilities were different from those of Hanlin in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty in Shang Qing, both the emperor and the vassal had Qing, which was divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, and the most distinguished one was called "Shang Qing".
General is the highest title of general in pre-Qin and Western Han dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it gradually became a virtual title without a real position. The position of general was established during the Ming and Qing wars and abolished after the war.
Participating in politics, also known as "participating in politics", was one of the highest administrative officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "re-knowing" with Zhang and Tang's deputy envoys.
The military department, the minister of military affairs, was the administrative agency that assisted the emperor in the Qing Dynasty. There is no fixed number of incumbents, usually princes, university students, ministers, assistant ministers or Beijing Hall, and they are called military ministers. Military ministers range from three to four to six, and are called "pivot ministers".
The censor was originally a historian. After Qin Dynasty, he was appointed as the censor, ranking second only to the prime minister, in charge of impeachment and picketing officials' faults.
The head of the Privy Council. In the Tang Dynasty, it was held by eunuchs and later by ministers. The Privy Council is one of the highest state organs in charge of important military affairs, and the power of envoys in the Tang Dynasty is equivalent to that of prime ministers. Military ministers in the Qing Dynasty are usually called "Tang secretaries".
The official name of Chu State in the Warring States Period on the left is comparable to that of later generations. The main duty is to advise the emperor and recommend talents.
Official titles in autumn before yuan dynasty. He was the highest military attache who assisted the emperor and was called Fu in the Han Dynasty. The highest military attache in Song Dynasty.
The official names of doctors in the pre-Qin period were lower than those in the Qing Dynasty.
Doctors refer to different contents in different dynasties, and sometimes they can refer to important positions in central organs.
Scholar-officials used to refer to officials or intellectuals with more prestige and status.
Taishigong was a senior official in the Western Zhou Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was in charge of drafting documents, planning governors and ministers, recording historical events, and also in charge of classics, calendars, sacrifices and other things. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Taishi Order was set up, and the scope of responsibilities gradually narrowed and the status gradually decreased.
In the Qin dynasty, he was a prime minister, and in the Han dynasty, he was a general officer and a staff member.
The assistant minister is a court attendant for the first time. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became an official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, the assistant minister was the deputy minister of the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu).
The assistant was originally one of the officials outside the official position. Because the attendants around the emperor, the status is getting higher and higher, and the level exceeds the assistant minister. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he often became the de facto prime minister.
Langzhong was a court bodyguard in the Warring States period. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official and assistant minister below Shangshu, in charge of various departments' affairs.
The abbreviation of "staff military affairs" who joined the army was originally the military staff of the Prime Minister. After the Jin Dynasty, his status gradually declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, he gradually became a local official.
During the Warring States Period, Ling Yin was the official in charge of military and political power in Chu State, equivalent to the prime minister. Ming and Qing dynasties refer to county orders.
The captain is the military attache after the general.
Different dynasties of Sima refer to different official positions. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military affairs and taxes.
Our general manager in charge of the military and political affairs of several States in the Tang Dynasty was originally located in the border States; Later, the mainland was also set up all over the country, resulting in a separatist situation, so the world called it a "buffer zone."
Policies are also called "policies" for short. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was the military chief of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the viceroy. When there were important military tasks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they specialized in running, and their official positions were higher than those of the governor.
The thorn ambassador was originally the official name of the governor, and became the highest military and political chief of the county after the Eastern Han Dynasty, sometimes called the satrap.
The governor pointed out where Beijing officials had gone in the early days. In the Qing dynasty, he officially became the governor, and his position was slightly lower than that of the governor. Posthumous title's "Fuyuan", "Futai" and "Fujun".
In the Han dynasty, the captain was second only to the general.
An official who directed martial arts in the Song Dynasty.
Manage the official names of state and county military attaché s in Song Dynasty, and be in charge of training the army, supervising and arresting thieves and other affairs.
Family members engaged in the appointment of central or local governors are also called "employees".
A magistrate is a "satrap", also known as a "magistrate".
The county magistrate is the chief executive of a county, also known as the "magistrate".
Li Zheng is an ancient township official, that is, a mile long.
Xu Li's tolerance in village management.