1, Jew
The ancient Jews regarded the beard as the embodiment of strength and the symbol of masculinity endowed by God. Old Testament? Record of Kings: In order to insult the Jews, Amonett shaved the beard of the envoy sent by King David in half.
2. Egyptians
Only Pharaoh has the right to grow a beard. If Pharaoh doesn't have enough beards on his face, he should put a fake beard on his chin. Even female pharaohs used this facial decoration to show the legitimacy of their rule. For example, the statue of Hatshepsut, the famous queen of 18 dynasty in ancient Egypt, has a long drooping beard.
3. British people
Thomas, England? Moore (the author of Utopia) said to the executioner on the guillotine. My beard is not a crime, please don't cut it off. ? Say that finish lifted beard, neck was killed.
4. Russians
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, Peter I began the struggle around the beard. Most Russian aristocrats live a life of satiated food and idleness. Dragging a robe lazily, with a big beard, hanging down to my chest, and carefully combing it, carefully not dropping one, what do you think this is? God-given decorations? But in Peter's view, this is a symbol of Russia's conservatism and backwardness. Later, he also gave an order, who wants to grow a beard must pay? The right to stay? . Beards are considered masculine, and beardless ones are considered women. After the death of Peter I, Tsar Catherine II no longer insisted on this ban, and many Russians were proud of growing beards. In the later Soviet revolution, Lenin's goatee and Stalin's moustache all had their own characteristics.
5. China
The ancients valued beards. According to records, beards were very beautiful in the Zhou Dynasty. In "Seven Years of Zhao Gong", the King of Chu hosted a banquet for Lu in Xintai, and specially selected people who needed to grow up to be the host. The Qin Dynasty attached great importance to beards, and all the terracotta warriors and horses in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum had beards, with various styles, such as whiskers, three-bearded beards, large-horned beards and drooping beards.
A beautiful man? It is an important appearance feature of a handsome boy, that is, he has a fixed style. One of the most important things is that you can't have too many beards, otherwise it will not look good, and sometimes it will even be regarded as? Ren Hu? That is, the symbol of barbarians.
Second, the beard is the embodiment of fertility.
Beard is the second sexual characteristic of men and is regarded as the expression of male strength.
Chinese medicine believes that the growth of beard depends on the nourishment of Xue Jing and is closely related to reproductive function. Men with abundant reproductive capacity in Xue Jing generally have thick beards. Western medicine research has confirmed that the reason why men grow beards is the hormones secreted by men? Androgen's masterpiece. The blood vessels supplying beard growth are more abundant than those at the root of hair, and it is easier to obtain nutrition. Coupled with the stimulation of androgen, the beard grows faster than the hair, with an average length of about 0.40 mm per day (the hair grows 0.27 ~ 0.40 mm per day). The stronger the male reproductive function, the faster the beard grows. Whether at home or abroad, a thick beard is a feature of male beauty. French proverb? Can a beautiful beard seduce a beautiful woman? That's the truth.
Third, the beard represents personal demeanor, talent and tolerance.
I ching? Gui Shu:? Return to the family. ? Zheng Xuan, a scholar of Han Dynasty:? Must be smart. ? Return to demand? Young women marry smart people, and beards are so important. Must? It also means necessary and necessary.
Son-in-law's? Husband? Maybe? Must? It doesn't matter. The standard of ancient son-in-law was to have a long beard and be smart. Luo Fu tells about her husband in the Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Sang"? Clean and white with a beard? .
Fourth, religious belief.
People in China have always believed that longevity is a symbol of happiness. Happiness is like flowing water in the East China Sea, and longevity is better than Nanshan. It is the most common Spring Festival couplets among the people. The belief in immortals pursued by Taoism is the expression of the thought of longing for longevity. Taoism attaches great importance to human beard. Taoist statues deliberately embody their own characteristics on the basis of absorbing Buddhist statues, the most obvious of which is the depiction of beards in Taoist statues. Anyone who creates Taoist statues will deliberately put more effort into beards, beards will become longer and longer, and there will be deliberate pursuit in form.
The idea that Laozi is the noblest immortal in Taoism is deeply rooted in the minds of the world, especially the lower classes. Laozi was shaped to be tall and fluttering, just like a fairy. This is the appearance of immortals in the eyes of Taoism, and it is also a typical image feature of immortals in the eyes of the world. Celestial civil servants such as Taishang Laojun and Taibai Jinxing portrayed in Wu Cheng'en and The Journey to the West are handsome and elegant with long beards.