Revolutionary song Jiao Ren
Zi Dunchu, fisherman, 1882, from Taoyuan, Hunan. 1904 Organized a Hua Xing Hui in Changsha with Huang Xing and Chen Tianhua, instigated the attempted uprising, and went into exile in Japan. 1905 Japan's accession to the league, special topic of People's Daily.
Song Jiao Ren was assassinated.
Yuan Shikai deeply felt the threat from the Song Dynasty and the Kuomintang. He first tried to win over Song. When he resigned as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, he asked Song to be the Prime Minister of the Cabinet on condition that he gave up the idea of the Party Cabinet and was resolutely rejected. It's no use bribing with money. In the first year of the Republic of China (10, 18), Song went south to visit relatives. Along the way, he widely publicized his political opinions, which showed his attitude against autocracy. At this time, local elections are more and more beneficial to the Kuomintang, and the final victory seems to be a foregone conclusion. There are also high voices calling for Song to be elected Prime Minister of the Cabinet. Yuan Shikai and his gang are even more nervous. They not only maliciously attacked in newspapers and periodicals, but also plotted to get rid of their political opponents by assassination. In early March 2000, Song Gang arrived in Shanghai and received an urgent telegram from Yuan Shikai, saying that "he will go to Beijing to discuss business today." . On March 20th, at 6:5438+00 pm, Song planned to go to Beijing by train from Shanghai. Song shook hands with off Huang Xing, Yu Youren, Liao and others, and was about to get on the bus when Yuan Shikai sent an assassin to shoot him. In the early morning of the 22nd, Song died at the age of 365,438+0. Before he died, he had illusions about Yuan Shikai and told people around him to remind Yuan Shikai to "put the Republic first". Sun Yat-sen's elegy is called Song Jiao Ren: "As a citizen's protection, who is not the dead; Bleeding for the Constitution and being the first person. "
19 10 to 1965438+ After the Revolution of 1911, participated in the preparation of the interim government. 19 12 served as the president of Nanjing Provisional Government Law Society, participated in the North-South peace talks, and became the chief of agriculture and forestry in Beijing in May. In August, the League was reorganized into the Kuomintang and served as the acting chairman. Advocate "responsible cabinet" and party politics, and oppose Yuan Shikai's autocracy. 1965438+On February 4, 2003, the results of the re-election of the Senate and the House of Representatives showed that the Kuomintang won 392 seats, accounting for an absolute majority. Song hoped to establish a responsible cabinet as the majority party to curb Yuan Shikai's autocracy. Before the formal meeting of the parliament, he personally went to the provinces in the Yangtze River valley to publicize and speak, creating public opinion for establishing a responsible cabinet and realizing democratic politics.
1965438+On March 20th, 2003, on the eve of the National Congress, Yuan Shikai ordered Zhao Bingjun to send someone to follow him to the Shanghai Railway Station, waiting for an opportunity to assassinate Song, and died two days later at the age of 32. After the "Song case" was exposed, Sun Yat-sen returned to Shanghai from Japan and advocated "fighting for Yuan by force" immediately to carry out the second revolution.
Song Jiao Ren is the author of Song Jiao Ren.
Song Jiao Ren's early years
Song Jiao Ren (1882- 19 13) was born in Xiang Chong, Fangshang Village, Taoyuan County. A 6-year-old private school and a 17-year-old Taoyuan Zhangjiang Academy, influenced by county magistrates Huang Shouyi, Qu and others, were weak in imperial examinations, concerned about world affairs, and sprouted anti-Qing thoughts. In the 28th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1902), he was admitted to Wuchang General Middle School with excellent results. When he entered school the next year, Wuhan, a thoroughfare of nine provinces, showed him a new world. He was attracted by the Wuchang Huayuanshan Party, a revolutionary group organized by Wu Luzhen and others. He often discussed current affairs and revolution with his classmate Tian Tong, and decided to take the road of anti-Qing revolution. In August of that year, Huang Xing went to Wuchang, where they met and became close friends until death do us part. Soon, Huang Xing was expelled from Wuchang and returned to Changsha because of his fierce anti-Qing remarks. Later, he also returned to Hunan to do liaison work for the establishment of revolutionary groups in Changsha and Changde.
165438+1October 4th, Song, Huang Xing, Liu, Chen Tianhua, photo, etc. In the name of going to Huangxing's 30th birthday party, a Huaxing Festival was organized in Huangzhai, Changsha. In February of Guangxu 30th year, Huaxing Club was formally established in Changsha, with Huang Xing as the president and Song as the vice president. The aim of the association is to "expel the Tatars and restore China". After the establishment of Huaxing Association, it immediately set out to expand the organization and prepare for an armed uprising. Song's activities in China Star Club initially showed his outstanding organizational skills. In July of that year, Song initiated the establishment of a "science tutorial center" in Wuchang, which was used as a cover to carry out revolutionary activities in the new army and schools. At that time, Hua Xinghui planned the uprisings in Changsha, Yuezhou, Hengyang, Baoqing and Changde on the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. Song is responsible for the organization and launch of Changde Road. In September, Song returned to Changde and set up the "Xiangxi Contact Terminal" in the inns of five provinces in the city. 10 At the beginning of June, he was promoted to be a leader at the Hui people's conference held in Gaby, Changde. It was agreed that during the uprising, the congregation would dress up as pilgrims from Wu Leishan and gather at the Confucius Temple near Gaby City to receive instructions. 165438+ 10 5, Song went to Changsha to inquire about the uprising, and Hunan Governor Lu ordered a search. At the end of the year, Song Jingwu Han and Shanghai went to Japan.
Alliance veteran
In the 30th year of Guangxu, Song arrived in Japan on February 13, 2003. Hardly had he settled down when he started revolutionary activities again. First of all, he founded zhina, a revolutionary magazine of the 20th century, which was published in June 3 1 year. In August, at the initiative of Sun Yat-sen, the League was established in Tokyo, Japan. In the 20th century, it was changed to People's Daily, the organ newspaper of the League, which was written by Song as the chief inspector of the Legal Department of the League. In June of that year, Song entered the Japan University of Political Science and Law, and in February of the following year, he entered Waseda University for preparatory studies. He planned to be promoted to undergraduate course, but he dropped out of school because of illness.
In the spring of Guangxu's thirty-third year, Song Qian returned to Anton, Liaoning, set up the Liaodong branch of the League, contacted people in the northeast, planned to launch an armed uprising in Shenyang, and then sneaked back to Tokyo. During his activities in Northeast China, he learned about Japan's plot to annex the "Senkaku Island". He temporarily put down his revolutionary liaison work, risked his life with the help of his Japanese friend Katayama, seized a large number of false evidence of the association, and dealt a blow to the Japanese organization Changbai Mountain Association engaged in conspiracy activities. After returning to Tokyo, he consulted a large number of ancient books, and soon wrote the book "The Island Problem", which proved that the island and Yanji area have belonged to China territory since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. After the Japanese government learned of this, it demanded 5,000 gold for the manuscript, but failed. If it reaches the Qing government, if it wins, the Qing government will negotiate with Japan and win with the strong arguments of this book.
In the spring of the second year (19 10), the revolutionary forces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River suddenly increased, and Song proposed to shift the revolutionary focus accordingly. At the end of the year, he returned to Shanghai from Japan, and Yu Youren hired him as the lead writer of Democracy Daily. He wrote a lot of articles promoting the revolution under the pseudonym of "Fisherman". In July of the following year, Song, Song, Song, Song and Song established the Central Committee of the League in Shanghai and served as the general affairs officer. He personally or sent people to and from Shanghai and Hunan to actively develop branches of the Central Committee, raise funds, buy weapons and ammunition, and promote the revolutionary process in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The revolutionary situation in the two lakes was unprecedentedly high, which eventually led to the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising.
Jiao Ren in Song Dynasty was very happy with the success of Wuchang Uprising. He created revolutionary public opinion in Shanghai. Through the publication of articles and telegrams, we actively urge governments of all countries to strictly observe neutrality towards the China revolution and recognize that the revolutionary army is a warring group; Vigorously publicize the purpose of the revolution at home and explain that "the revolutionary party's doctrine is to claim to overthrow the bad government and leave the people out of the quagmire" in order to win the support of the people. At the same time, he actively coordinated the response of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. He published "Hubei Situation Geography" in Democratic Daily, expounding the importance of Wuchang, and repeatedly said: "Today's situation is in Wuchang." Excited, Song was deeply worried about the demotion of the military and political leader. 10 10 On October 24th, Huang Xing arrived in Shanghai from Hong Kong. Song "reunited after a long separation, and talked about fighting with it", urging Huang Xing to lead a new army to seize Nanjing in the ninth town and capture Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, so as not to be subject to Li and Huang Xing would not listen. On 28th, Song and Huang Xing arrived in Wuhan. At this time, the organization of Doudufu was basically established, and Song only assisted in handling foreign affairs. At this time, the great powers have expressed neutrality, and there is nothing important to do in diplomacy. Song Jiao Ren tried to instigate Huang Xing to be the governor of the two lakes, but failed. He turned to the local government to build manpower and drafted the Constitution of Ezhou, which was promulgated after being approved by the military government. This is the first Republican constitutional document in the history of China that embodies the spirit of modern western democracy. But it was not put into practice at that time, and Li's position and power were not weakened. The military hosted by Huang Xing is also in a bad situation. Song left Wuchang on June165438+1October 13 and decided to go to Nanjing to open up a new situation.
Fight for the Republic
Song Jiao Ren traveled back and forth between Zhenjiang and Shanghai, urging a quick attack on Nanjing. On February 2, 65438, the ancient city of Nanjing finally declared its recovery. On the 7th, the Governor of Jiangsu Province was newly established, with Song as the administrative director. At this time, it is urgent for Shi Yusheng to declare independence, stand in the revolutionary camp and organize a temporary central government. Song was eager to resist Li, but his correct ideas were not understood and suffered setbacks. There are also differences with Sun Yat-sen in implementing the presidential system and the responsibility cabinet system. Sun Yat-sen advocated presidential system and Song advocated cabinet system. On New Year's Day in the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the Nanjing Provisional Government was established, with Sun Yat-sen as interim president and Song as only the Legislative Yuan. Many people are indignant that Song did not serve as the chief of the interior, but he said, "It is irrelevant that the chief is not the chief. I have always advocated cabinet system and party cabinet system. Now, I have pieced together and stopped being the chief. " Unless our party has the courage to take responsibility, be bold and innovative, it is not enough to talk about politics alone. Old bureaucrats are ambiguous and timid. Where can they talk about revolution and republicanism? "Song attached great importance to the legislative work, and soon drafted the draft constitution, the Organic Law of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, and still advocated the cabinet system, which was accepted by Sun Yat-sen. The interim constitution was based on Song's Ezhou Constitution and the draft constitution.
After Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai, Song became the chief minister of agriculture and forestry of the Tang cabinet on April 27th. His interest is politics, and he immediately began to implement his political ideals of the party. He asked Qiu Ao and others to establish Yadong New Newspaper, with the aim of "supervising the government, guiding the people, consolidating the Republic and attaching importance to it" and publishing a long article in the newspaper under the pseudonym of "Taoyuan fisherman". At the beginning of July, Song resigned as the chief of agriculture and forestry because he was dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai's act of undermining the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. On July 2 1 day, the League headquarters held a summer conference, and Song was elected as the general director and became the actual host of the League. He quickened the pace of organizing large-scale parties. On August 25th, with the League as the core, the Kuomintang, the Democratic Progressive Party, the Democratic Progressive Party and other parties jointly established the China Kuomintang and held an inaugural meeting. Sun Yat-sen was elected as a director, and Song was elected as a director by the number of votes second only to Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, and was appointed as an acting director by Sun Yat-sen. At this time, Sun and Huang's interests and main energies were concentrated on actual construction, and Song was the head of the Kuomintang headquarters in Beiping. At the end of the year, the election of members of Congress kicked off. By March of the following year, the Kuomintang won an overwhelming majority.