Definition of teaching strategies:
The following are three views on teaching strategies: (1) Teaching strategies refer to a specific set of strategies adopted by teachers in the classroom to achieve course goals. way or method. Teaching strategies should change at any time according to the requirements of the teaching situation and the needs of students. Whether in teaching theory or practice at home or abroad, most teaching strategies involve how to refine or transform course content. (2) The so-called teaching strategy refers to the targeted selection and combination of relevant teaching content, teaching organization forms, teaching methods and techniques based on the determined teaching tasks and student characteristics after the teaching objectives are determined to form an efficient Meaning-specific teaching programs. Teaching strategies have basic characteristics such as comprehensiveness, operability and flexibility. (3) Teaching strategies are a series of execution processes that regulate and control teaching activities based on a clear understanding of teaching activities in order to achieve teaching purposes and complete teaching tasks. (
The similarity between these three views is that they all believe that the implementation of teaching strategies is to achieve teaching goals (curriculum goals) and is flexible (or called adaptability). The difference is that, One view believes that teaching strategies are "a specific set of methods or methods"; the second view believes that teaching strategies are "specific teaching plans with efficiency significance"; and the third view attributes teaching strategies to "the impact of teaching activities on "A series of execution processes for adjustment and control." On this basis, some characteristics of teaching strategies and their basic meanings can be found: Teaching strategies are a set of relatively flexible teaching behaviors used to achieve teaching goals. It is a teacher's A flexible application of teaching principles, teaching models, and teaching methods in teaching practice based on teaching plans and students' physical and mental characteristics.
Classification:
For teaching strategies. There are many classification methods, but according to the control point of information processing, they can be divided into three types: alternative, generative and instructive.
Alternative teaching strategies refer to teachers’ choice of specific teaching content. , and organize it, and then teach it to students through certain methods and means. In this process, the main body of information processing is the teacher, and the students have no initiative in generative teaching strategies. It refers to encouraging students to independently form teaching goals, determine teaching content, organize, understand, strengthen and transfer them, and construct their own unique teaching meaning in teaching.
Both of the above views are the same. In order to take advantage of the advantages of the first two teaching strategies and make up for their shortcomings, Gagne proposed the guiding teaching strategy:
Teaching method. Method refers to the means used by teachers and students in joint activities in order to complete certain teaching tasks. It includes both the teacher's teaching method and the student's learning method, which is the unity of teaching methods and learning methods. This definition contains several meanings: First, the purpose of using teaching methods is to achieve certain teaching goals and teaching tasks. That is to say, teaching methods are means to achieve teaching goals. What kind of teaching methods are used depends on the teaching goals and content. Secondly, the actors of teaching methods include both teachers and students. Teachers use or design certain types of teaching methods, and in specific classroom teaching, they also require the cooperation of students to truly use a certain teaching method. Thirdly, teaching method is the organic combination and unity of teaching method and learning method, not just the teacher's teaching method.
Classification:
The first level is language. Teaching methods of transmission media
There are five basic methods that focus on transmitting knowledge, namely lecture method, conversation method, reading guidance method, practice method, and inspection method. They have the following same characteristics: ( 1) This level of teaching methods is the earliest used in teaching activities and has a wider scope of application. (2) They are independent and can complete a certain teaching task independently. The basis of the entire teaching method system, the use of certain teaching methods requires their cooperation. For example, the experimental method requires teachers to clearly explain the requirements and method steps of the experiment, which requires the intervention of the lecture method or the conversation method. (4) Teachers’ activities play a prominent role in this type of activities.
The second level uses physical objects as the medium
In addition to transmitting knowledge, it also has the function of cultivating practical skills and operational abilities, that is, demonstration method, experiment method, visit method, and internship method method, classroom discussion method, etc. (1) This type of method was developed with the development of modern science and technology, the expansion of teaching content, and the application of advanced technical means to teaching. The original teaching methods did not meet this demand. From the time of its creation, it is later than the first level teaching method. (2) They are independent and specific teaching methods, but their application scope is smaller than the previous method. Their use must have certain conditions and requirements. For example, the experimental method is suitable for physics, chemistry, biology and other courses, and requires necessary equipment. (3) This level of method is the basic element that constitutes the third level of method. (4) This type of method focuses on students’ activities, and teachers’ activities are centered around students’ activities.
The third-level teaching method is a new comprehensive method
The main ones that have been created include the "Outline Signal Illustration" teaching method, "Reading, Discussing, and Speaking". "Teach, practice" eight-character teaching method, "six-course unit" teaching method, discovery method, natural method and autonomous teaching method, suggestion teaching method, example teaching method, etc. The creation of these methods is based on corresponding teaching ideas. Some methods are a recombination of specific methods at the first and second levels. Some methods themselves already include teaching principles, methods, organizational forms and teaching links, forming a certain method system (currently some methods are still imperfect and need to be experimented and researched. ,improve). Therefore, the teaching methods at this level are the higher level teaching methods in a broad sense. The outstanding feature is that it aims to cultivate students' various abilities, especially self-learning ability. The role of the teacher is to organize and regulate the teaching process. For example, the eight-character teaching method of "reading, discussing, practicing, and speaking", "reading" refers to letting students read textbooks in classroom teaching, with the purpose of cultivating their reading ability; "discussing" means asking students to read according to the teaching method. Individuals express their own opinions on the understanding and understanding of the text content, discuss with each other, communicate, distinguish right from wrong, learn from each other's strong points, and obtain correct conclusions. "Discussion" mainly involves students speaking and teachers listening, sometimes interjecting, sometimes giving advice, and sometimes encouraging; "Practice" is the application of knowledge. Through practice, students can further digest and master the acquired knowledge and skills, and come back to discuss problems when they find them. Doing exercises, oral answers, written exercises, open-book summaries and experiments all belong to the category of practice; "talking" runs through the classroom teaching, including talking when reading, talking when discussing, and indispensable talking during practicing. Teachers must be targeted, To put the finishing touch on it. It can be seen that this method is a complete method system that combines many specific teaching methods and recombines them.
Differences and connections:
Teaching methods are more specific and more operable, and they are some teaching and learning methods that are well known to educators. Any suitable teaching method can The penetration of certain teaching principles can be reflected in it. The teaching strategy is the flexible use of teaching principles, teaching models, and teaching methods by teachers according to specific education and teaching situations under the guidance of teaching rules. Its stability is relatively insufficient, but it is more flexible. Just because teaching strategies are "flexible" in specific use, teachers need more skills when using them. The flexibility of teaching strategies does not mean that some of its advantages cannot be summarized. However, currently there is relatively little knowledge and research on teaching strategies.